scholarly journals Analysing Hydraulic Efficiency of Water Vortex Pico-Hydro Turbine using Numerical Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Ridho Irwansyah ◽  
Warjito ◽  
Budiarso ◽  
Christopher Clement Rusli ◽  
Sanjaya BS Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Internal Flow ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Location ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Hydro Turbines

To overcome the lack of rural electricity in Indonesia vortex pico-hydro turbines are used as an option solution. This is due to the ability of the vortex turbine to work in low head conditions effectively. This study is conducted with comparison of curved and straight blade to obtain a more optimum turbine performance. Two methods are carried out in this study, analytical and computational method. Analytical methods are used to determine blade geometry and its performance while computational methods are used to analyse internal flow of turbine. As a result, the study concludes that hydraulic efficiency of vortex turbine in this study doesn’t affect much between straight and curved blades. The hydraulic efficiency for those blades is around 0.63. In addition, the study continued by analysing the optimum location of the blade in the basin. The results of the study show that the optimum ratio of depth and diameter of the blade is 0.33 with turbine efficiency is 0.84. Thus, the location of the blades is more important than the type of blades.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of Archimedes Screw Hydro Turbine rotation with and without deflector

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Y Setiawan ◽  
E S Wijianti ◽  
B S Wibowo ◽  
S Saparin ◽  
P Prayitnoadi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Screw Length ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Pitch Distance ◽  
Hydro Turbines

Abstract The Archimedes screw water turbine (AST) is a device that works mechanically to produce electrical energy with an energy source that comes from the flow of water. Archimedes screw hydro turbines operate at low head and flow rates and can generate electricity at micro levels. This type of turbine is very suitable for use in small waters such as irrigation and rivers. The research was conducted by building a prototype of a small-scale Archimedes screw hydro turbine with and without deflector. The purpose of this research is to compare the rotation produced by the two turbines and whether the installation of a deflector can improve turbine performance. The turbine is constructed with a screw length of 1 m, outer diameter is 30 cm, the number of blades 15, and each has a pitch distance is 13 cm. Turbine angle variations are 30°, 35°, and 40°. The results showed that the best rotor rotation was produced by the screw without deflector at an angle of 30°. This shows that the addition of a deflector reduces the resulting screw rotation.

Performance and Internal Flow of Contra-Rotating Small Hydro Turbine

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shigemitsu ◽  
Junichiro Fukutomi ◽  
Ryosuke Sonohata
Keyword(s):  
Flow Condition ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Flow Passage ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Hydro Turbines

Small hydropower generation is one of important alternative energy, and potential of small hydropower is great. Efficiency of small hydro turbines is lower than that of large one, and these small hydro turbine’s common problems are out of operation by foreign materials. Then, there are demands for small hydro turbines to keep high performance and wide flow passage. Therefore, we adopted contra-rotating rotors, which can be expected to achieve high performance and enable to use low-solidity rotors with wide flow passage, in order to accomplish high performance and stable operation. Final goal of this study is development of a small hydro turbine like electrical goods, which has high portability and makes an effective use of unused small hydro power energy source. In this research, experimental apparatus of the contra-rotating small hydro turbine with 60mm casing diameter was manufactured and performance of it was investigated by an experiment. Efficiency of the contra-rotating small hydro turbine was high in pico-hydro turbine and high efficiency could be kept in wide flow rate range. Internal flow condition, which was difficult to measure experimentally, was shown by the numerical flow analysis. Further, influence of spokes to support the rotor was clarified. Then, a relation between the performance and internal flow condition was considered by the experimental and numerical analysis results.

Effect of Inlet Nozzle Shape on Performance of Darrieus-Type Hydro-Turbine Operated in Small Open Water Channel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Nakashima ◽  
Ryosuke Moriyama ◽  
Daisuke Matsusita ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
Shin-ichi Tsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Constant Width ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Nozzle Shape ◽  
Converging Angle

A Darrieus-type hydro-turbine has been developed for the utilization of extra low head hydraulic energy. In the case of a ducted Darrieus-type hydro-turbine which consists of an intake, a runner, a casing and a draft tube, it has been found that the Darrieus runner with the narrow intake can generate larger torque without deterioration of efficiency than that with the parallel intake with the constant width. In this paper, the effect of the shape of the inlet nozzle on the performance of the Darrieus-type hydro-turbine operated in open channel flow is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Tested nozzles are two types of two-dimensional symmetric inlet nozzle, Half Diameter curved nozzle (HD nozzle) and Straight Line nozzle (SL nozzle). As a result, the Darrieus hydroturbine with SL nozzle generates larger power and yields higher efficiency than that with HD nozzle. In addition, the effects of nozzle converging angle and outlet width of SL nozzle on the turbine performance are investigated. As a result, it is found that the Darrieus hydroturbine with SL nozzle having large converging angle generates larger power with higher efficiency than that with the nozzle having small converging angle. And then, it is found that the generated power increases when SL nozzle with large outlet width is installed.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION PERFORMANCE OF PICO HYDRO WATER PIPE TURBINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 051-058
Author(s):  
Marwani Marwani ◽  
Muhammad Zahri Kadir ◽  
Ronny Egetha Putra
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Water Turbines ◽  
Hydro Turbines ◽  
The Ideal

The flow of water in the pipeline for household needs is a source of energy that can generate electrical energy through Pico hydro turbines or small-power water turbines. The experiment has been conducted on a 10 Watt Pico hydro turbine mounted on a water pipe against changes in water flow discharge. The turbine performance analysis is conducted experimentally (actual) and theoretically (ideal). The analysis results showed the greater the discharge flow, the greater the power generated by the turbine. In tests with a maximum discharge of 8.9 l/min, the actual power of 1.121 Watts, the torque of 0.005 Nm with a rotation speed of 2146.8 rpm and efficiency of 12.59%; while the ideal power is based on Euler turbine equation of 4.2 Watts and torque of 0.016 Nm. So, the maximum turbine power that can be generated is only 26.67% ideal. Efficiency turbine decreases with increased discharge; in this test, the maximum efficiency was 24.89% at 5.8 L/min flow discharge.

Out With the Old, in With the New: Pelton Hydro Turbine Performance Influence Utilizing Three Different Injector Geometries

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petley ◽  
A. Židonis ◽  
A. Panagiotopoulos ◽  
D. Benzon ◽  
G. A. Aggidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Impact

In previous works, the authors presented computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, which showed that injectors with noticeably steeper nozzle and needle tip angles 110 deg & 70 deg and 150 deg & 90 deg, respectively, attain higher efficiency than the industry standard, which, according to available literature on the public domain, ranges from 80 deg to 90 deg for nozzle and 50–60 deg for needle tip angles. Moreover, experimental testing of the entire Pelton system showed that gains of about 1% in efficiency can be achieved; however there appears to be an upper limit beyond which steeper designs are no longer optimal. This study aims at providing further insight by presenting additional CFD analysis of the runner, which has been coupled with the jet profile from the aforementioned injectors. The results are compared by examining the impact the jet shape has on the runner torque profile during the bucket cycle and the influence this has on turbine efficiency. It can be concluded that the secondary velocities, which contribute to the development of more significant free-surface degradations as the nozzle and needle tip angles are increased, result in a nonoptimal jet runner interaction.

Suppression of cavitation in the draft tube of Francis turbine model by J-Groove

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 3100-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenmu Chen ◽  
Young-Do Choi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Flow Characteristic ◽  
Draft Tube ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Francis Turbine ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Turbine Model

Cavitation is recognized as a phenomenon that can cause serious damage to a hydro turbine and can reduce its performance when operating at off-design point. This is an undesired phenomenon, which needs to be improved. In order to suppress the cavitation in the Francis turbine draft tube, a technology with grooved draft tube named J-Groove is introduced in the Francis turbine. The Francis turbine performance and the internal flow characteristic are investigated both with and without J-Groove installation by the experimental method and numerical simulation. Visualization was used to capture the cavitation rope in the Francis turbine draft tube to compare with the computational fluid dynamics analysis result. The results show that the turbine performance both with and without J-Groove installation is quite similar. Regardless of impact on performance of Francis turbine by J-Groove, it suppresses the cavitation vortex rope and pressure fluctuation in the Francis turbine draft tube efficiently.

The Effect of Stator-Rotor Hub Sealing Flow on the Mainstream Aerodynamics of a Turbine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Reid ◽  
John Denton ◽  
Graham Pullan ◽  
Eric Curtis ◽  
John Longley
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Mainstream Flow ◽  
Flow Interactions

An investigation into the effect of stator-rotor hub gap sealing flow on turbine performance is presented. Efficiency measurements and rotor exit area traverse data from a low speed research turbine are reported. Tests carried out over a range of sealing flow conditions show that the turbine efficiency decreases with increasing sealant flow rate but that this penalty is reduced by swirling the sealant flow. Results from time-accurate and steady-state simulations using a three-dimensional multi-block RANS solver are presented with particular emphasis paid to the mechanisms of loss production. The contributions toward entropy generation of the mixing of the sealant fluid with the mainstream flow and of the perturbed rotor secondary flows are assessed. The importance of unsteady stator wake/sealant flow interactions is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of a Liquid Molten Salt Pump: Geometry Optimization and Experimental Verification

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Xianghui He ◽  
Houlin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Sharp Corner ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Pump Performance

In order to enhance the hydraulic efficiency of a liquid molten salt pump, the improvement on the pump was carried out through numerical and experimental methods. The internal flow field obtained by the numerical simulation was analysed. The results show that there are low-velocity area in the scroll region and large curvature of the streamline at the outlet. Geometric modification was made by trimming the back-blades of the impeller and filleting the sharp corner of the outlet pipe. The modified pump performance was verified by the experiments. The hydraulic efficiency, the pressure fluctuation, vibration characteristics between the original and modified pump were compared. The results showed that the hydraulic efficiency of the modified pump increased 7.4%. In addition, the pressure fluctuation and vibration intensity were also reduced compared with the original pump. This result shows that the geometric modification improves not only the hydraulic performance but also the structural properties.

The Effect of Clearance Flow of Variable Area Nozzles on Radial Turbine Performance

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Tamaki ◽  
Shinya Goto ◽  
Masaru Unno ◽  
Akira Iwakami
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Nozzle Vane ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Setting Angle ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
1D Model

The flow behind the variable area nozzle for radial turbines was measured with a 3-hole yaw probe and calculated with CFD. Two nozzle throat-areas were investigated: the smallest and the largest opening for the variable nozzle. Test results agreed with the calculated results qualitatively. The leakage flow through the tip clearance of the nozzle vane significantly affected the flow field downstream of the nozzle vane with the smallest opening. However, the effect on leakage flow on the flow field downstream of the nozzle vane with the largest opening was very weak. In the flow field of the largest opening nozzle, the effect of wake s dominant. The effect of the clearance of the nozzle vane on the turbine performance was estimated by a 1D-model and the strong influence on the turbine efficiency was confirmed at smallest opening. The flow fields in the impeller downstream of the nozzle vane at the smallest opening with and without the nozzle clearance were investigated with CFD. The setting angle of the nozzle vane without clearance was adjusted to match the operating point of the turbine with the nozzle clearance. In order to extract the specific work from the impeller, the nozzle vane with the vane clearance requires the larger vane setting angle than that without clearance. The increase of the vane setting angle increases the incidence loss and deteriorates turbine efficiency.

scholarly journals Investigation of pitch chord ratio effect on axial hydro turbine performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nono Suprayetno ◽  
Priyono Sutikno ◽  
Nathanael P. Tandian ◽  
Firman Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Effect ◽  
Hydro Turbine ◽  
Turbine Performance
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