Electrical Conductivity and Antenna Properties of Polyaniline filled GNPs Nanocomposites

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of utilizing conductive polymer nanocomposite for flexible type antenna application. The polyaniline (PANI) filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites were synthesized by an oxidative aniline polymerization in an acidic medium. The PANI/GNPs nanocomposites were then characterized by using various spectroscopy and imaging tools. It was found that the strong interaction between PANI macromolecules and GNPs flakes is caused by the strong ?-? conjugation between them, as validated by an increase of Id/Ig ratio of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites. As a result, it established a three-fold improvement for the electrical conductivity of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites, due to the larger amount of charge carrier transport at higher GNPs nanofiller loadings (1.00 wt.%). Later, the PANI/GNPs nanocomposites powder was applied to the cotton fabric by integrating it with a rubber paint slurry. Electrical conductivity, antenna gain, return loss, and radiation pattern of the antenna were reported. It was found that PANI/GNPs flexible textile antenna possessed a constant gain of 4.1809 dB, return loss at -13.154 dB, and radiation pattern which operated at 10.36 GHz for 100% improvement of electrical conductivity, in comparison with unfilled PANI. From these findings, it can be said that the development of wearable textile antenna utilizing PANI/GNPs nanocomposites on the cotton fabric as flexible radiation patch, has great potential for wireless communication purposes.

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Analysis on different shape of textile antenna under bending condition for GPS application

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v9i5.2185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1964-1970

Author(s):

N. I. Zaidi ◽

M. T. Ali ◽

N. H. Abd Rahman ◽

M. F. Yahya ◽

M. S. Amin Nordin

Keyword(s):

Resonant Frequency ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Antenna Gain ◽

Bending Angle ◽

Antenna Performance ◽

Textile Antenna ◽

Human Arm ◽

Different Shapes ◽

Antenna Characteristics

In this paper, three antennas with different designs, which are square, circle and edgy patch (flower) were simulated and fabricated. The experiment was carried out to study the effects of bending on these three different shapes of antennas. Two bending conditions which are H-plane and E-plane were used. The antenna was designed to resonate at 1.575 GHz for GPS application and to be incorporated with human arm. Thus, the bending angle was specified to be 135o which is about the size of a typical human arm. As the paper focusing on the bending effects only, the characteristic of the bending structure was set to be equal to the air, with Ɛr=1. The antenna characteristics such as gain, resonant frequency and radiation pattern were analyzed for these three shapes of antennas. As a result, the shape of the radiating patch has significant impact on the antenna performance under bending conditions. Based on the comparison of E-plane and H-plane data, the edgy shape was found to be more affected in term of gain performance as compared to other shapes. Bending on E-plane has shown severe degradation in antenna gain performance, whereby at H-plane, significant improvement in gain was observed

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Desain Antena Mikrostrip Rectangular Patch Array 1x2 dengan U-Slot Frekuensi 28 GHz

ELKOMIKA Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik Teknik Telekomunikasi & Teknik Elektronika ◽

10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.43 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

FAJAR WAHYU ARDIANTO ◽

SETYAWAN RENALDY ◽

FARHAN FATHIR LANANG ◽

TRASMA YUNITA

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

Return Loss ◽

Network Capacity ◽

Antenna Design ◽

User Needs ◽

Antenna Gain ◽

Rectangular Patch ◽

Narrow Bandwidth ◽

Small Gain

ABSTRAKKebutuhan pengguna yang semakin meningkat harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan kecepatan data dan kapasitas suatu jaringan, sehingga diperlukan bandwidth yang lebar. 5G merupakan salah satu teknologi yang akan diresmikan tahun 2020 yang menjadi solusi terhadap peningkatan kecepatan data dan kapasitas layanan. Salah satu kandidat yang menjadi frekuensi kerja 5G yaitu 28 GHz. Antena mikrostrip merupakan salah satu jenis antena yang dapat digunakan untuk teknologi 5G. Namun, antena mikrostrip memiliki beberapa kekurangan, diantaranya bandwidth dan gain yang kecil. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan teknik yang dapat meningkatkan bandwidth dan gain antena. Pada penelitian ini dirancang antena mikrostrip bentuk rectangular patch yang ditambahkan slot berbentuk U dengan tujuan meningkatkan bandwidth dan disusun secara array 1×2 untuk meningkatkan gain antena. Hasil dari simulasi didapatkan antena mampu bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 27,5 GHz – 29,12 GHz pada batas return loss kurang dari -15 dB dengan bandwidth sebesar 1,62 GHz. Nilai gain yang dihasilkan sebesar 7,52 dB. Pola radiasi yang dihasilkan, yaitu unidireksional dan berpolarisasi secara linear.Kata kunci: 5G, 28 GHz, mikrostrip, rectangular patch, array, U-Slot ABSTRACTData rate and network capacity improvements offset the increase of user needs, hence it requires a wider bandwidth. The most current high-end technology, which can solve the problem is 5G. One of the frequency that becomes the candidate of 5G is 28 GHz. For 5G, it could apply one of the antenna types, micro strip antenna. However, micro strip antenna has a shortage of narrow bandwidth and small gain. Therefore, it requires a technique to increase the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. In this study, the form of micro strip of antenna design is a rectangular patch with the addition of U-Slot and arranged 1x2 to increase the bandwidth and antenna gain. The results of the simulation show that the antenna is working well at the range frequency of 27.5 GHz - 29.12 GHz, with a return loss limit of -15 dB with bandwidth of 1.62 GHz, the resulting gain value is 7.52 dB, the resulting radiation pattern is unidirectional and linearly polarized.Keywords: 5G, 28 GHz, microstrip, rectangular patch, array, U-Slot

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The Effect of Parasitic Rings and Ground Plane on Helix Strip Antenna

IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) ◽

10.22146/ijitee.55807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Muchammad Rofiq Fajar Setiawan ◽

Aryo Baskoro Utomo

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

Return Loss ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Antenna Gain ◽

Wide Bandwidth ◽

Directional Radiation ◽

Simulation Results

Strip helix antennas offer better performance at wide bandwidth and more compact in size than conventional helix antennas. However, strip helix antennas have a relatively low gain compared to conventional helix antennas. In this paper, a strip helix antenna with 2.4 GHz frequency was designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. This strip helix antenna was added with several parasitic rings, and its ground plane size was reduced to increase the gain value and its performance. The best simulation results according to the desired parameters were with return loss < -10 dB of -10.366 dB, VSWR < 2 of 1.8702, and directional radiation pattern of 66.5° beamwidth angle. However, the gain did not match with the desired parameters > 12 dB with the result of 8.9612 dB. Measured results showed that the helix strip antenna has a return loss of -10.37 dB and VSWR of 1.870. The parasitic rings addition can increase the strip helix antenna gain of 0.0201 dB and improves performances of return loss, VSWR, and bandwidth. Despite that, the ground plane size reduction actually decreases the gain value.

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Evaluation and modeling of electrical conductivity in conductive polymer nanocomposite foams with multiwalled carbon nanotube networks

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2020.128382 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 128382

Author(s):

Sai Wang ◽

Yifeng Huang ◽

Eunse Chang ◽

Chongxiang Zhao ◽

Amir Ameli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Polymer Nanocomposite ◽

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube ◽

Multiwalled Carbon ◽

Nanocomposite Foams ◽

Carbon Nanotube Networks

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Perbandingan Desain Antena Dipole dan Yagi-Uda Menggunakan Material Aluminium pada Frekuensi 470 – 890 MHz

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.36722/sst.v3i3.219 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Suci Rahmatia ◽

Putri Wulandari ◽

Nurul Khadiko ◽

Fitria Gani Sulistya

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

Daily Activity ◽

Dipole Antenna ◽

Antenna Gain ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Dipole Antennas ◽

Gain Bandwidth ◽

Large Gain ◽

At Home

Abstrak - Antena merupakan alat pemancar yang akrab dengan aktifitas sehari-hari dan mudah sekali dijumpai, di rumah, di gedung, bahkan pada alat komunikasi yang digunakan. Salah satu antena yang sering digunakan adalah antena televisi. Antena televisi yang sering digunakan adalah Yagi-Uda yang biasanya dipakai sebagai outdoor antena dan antena dipole yang biasanya digunakan untuk indoor antena. Masing – masing jenis antena memiliki kriteria dan keuntungan berdasarkan dari kebutuhan penggunaannya. Baik antena dipole maupun antena Yagi-Uda memiliki perbedaan diantaranya adalah besar bandwidth, nilai gain, dan pola radiasi. Pada paper ini dapat diketahui bahwa bandwidth yang dimiliki antena yagi-uda lebih besar daripada antena dipole yakni 0.39943 MHz untuk antena yagi-uda dan 0.16569 MHz untuk antena dipole. Begitupula dengan besar Gain yang dimiliki antena Yagi-Uda (6.64 dBi) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan gain dari antena dipole (2.29 dBi). Perbedaan ini dikarenakan faktor elemen director dan ketebalannya. Kata Kunci – Atena Televisi, Atena Yagi-Uda, Atena Dipole, Gain, Bandwidth Abstract - Antenna is a transmitter tool that is familiar with daily activity and easy to find at home, in the building, even on the communication tool used. One of antenna that is often used is a television antenna. Television antennas are often used is Yagi-Uda which is usually used as an outdoor antenna and dipole antenna that is usually used for indoor antennas. Each type of antenna has the criteria and advantages based on the needs of its use. Both dipole antennas and Yagi-Uda antennas have differences among them are bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern. In this paper it can be seen that the bandwidth of yagi-uda antenna is bigger than dipole antenna that is 0.39943 MHz for Yagi-Uda antenna and 0.16569 MHz for dipole antenna. Neither the large Gain of the Yagi-Uda antenna (6.64 dBi) is greater than the gain of the dipole antenna (2.29 dBi). This difference is due to element factor of director and its thickness. Keywords – Television Antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Dipole Antenna, Gain, Bandwidth

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Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Filled Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite Film

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1010 ◽

pp. 638-644

Author(s):

Mohd Pisal Mohd Hanif ◽

Abd Jalil Jalilah ◽

Mohd Fadzil Hanim Anisah ◽

Arumugam Tilagavathy

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Polyethylene Oxide ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Blend Films ◽

Conductive Composite Film ◽

Carbonized Wood

Biopolymer-based conductive polymer composites (CPCs) would open up various possibilities in biomedical applications owing to ease of processing, renewable resource and environmentally friendly. However, low mechanical properties are a major issue for their applications. In this study, the investigated the conductivity of chitosan/ PEO blend films filled with carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prepared by solution casting. The effect of CWF was also investigated on tensile properties and their morphological surfaces. The tensile results from different ratios of chitosan/PEO blend films without CWF show that the tensile strength and modulus increased with the increase of chitosan content and chitosan/PEO blend film with 70/30 ratio exhibited the best combination of tensile strength and flexibility. However, a reduction of tensile strength was observed when CWF amount was increased while the modulus of the tensile shows an increment. The film also exhibited higher electrical conductivity as compared to low chitosan ratio. The addition of CWF greatly enhanced the conductivity three-fold from 10-10 to 10-6 S/cm. The electrical conductivity continued to increase with the increase of CWF up to 30wt%. The surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibits the absence of phase separation for the blends indicating good miscibility between the PEO and chitosan. Incorporation of CWF into the blend films at 5wt% showed agglomeration. However, the increase of CWF created larger agglomerations that formed conductive pathways resulting in improved conductivity. FTIR analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions occurred between chitosan and PEO while CWF interacts more with the protons of PEO.

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Electrical conductivity and rheological properties of carbon black based conductive polymer composites prior to and after annealing

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/09673911211001277 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096739112110012

Author(s):

Qingsen Gao ◽

Jingguang Liu ◽

Xianhu Liu

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Percolation Threshold ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Network Formation ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Complex Viscosity ◽

Electrical Percolation ◽

Electrical Percolation Threshold

The effect of annealing on the electrical and rheological properties of polymer (poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS)) composites filled with carbon black (CB) was investigated. For a composite with CB content near the electrical percolation threshold, the formation of conductive pathways during annealing has a significant impact on electrical conductivity, complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus. For the annealed samples, a reduction in the electrical and rheological percolation threshold was observed. Moreover, a simple model is proposed to explain these behaviors. This finding emphasizes the differences in network formation with respect to electrical or rheological properties as both properties belong to different physical origins.

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Universal mobility characteristics of graphene originating from charge scattering by ionised impurities

Communications Physics ◽

10.1038/s42005-021-00518-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan H. Gosling ◽

Oleg Makarovsky ◽

Feiran Wang ◽

Nathan D. Cottam ◽

Mark T. Greenaway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Carrier Density ◽

Carrier Mobility ◽

Carrier Transport ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Pristine Graphene ◽

High Electron ◽

Boltzmann Transport ◽

Transport Parameters ◽

Wide Range

AbstractPristine graphene and graphene-based heterostructures can exhibit exceptionally high electron mobility if their surface contains few electron-scattering impurities. Mobility directly influences electrical conductivity and its dependence on the carrier density. But linking these key transport parameters remains a challenging task for both theorists and experimentalists. Here, we report numerical and analytical models of carrier transport in graphene, which reveal a universal connection between graphene’s carrier mobility and the variation of its electrical conductivity with carrier density. Our model of graphene conductivity is based on a convolution of carrier density and its uncertainty, which is verified by numerical solution of the Boltzmann transport equation including the effects of charged impurity scattering and optical phonons on the carrier mobility. This model reproduces, explains, and unifies experimental mobility and conductivity data from a wide range of samples and provides a way to predict a priori all key transport parameters of graphene devices. Our results open a route for controlling the transport properties of graphene by doping and for engineering the properties of 2D materials and heterostructures.

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