scholarly journals Performance Analysis Methods in Smart Grids: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Surender Reddy Salkuti
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Tools And Techniques

This paper presents an overview of the performance analysis methods available for the Smart Grid (SG). Increased energy demand, volatile energy costs, uncertain power generation from the renewable energy resources (RERs), electric vehicles, and environmental concerns are coming together to change the nature of the traditional power grid. Many utility companies are now moving towards the smart metering and the Smart Grid solutions to address these challenges. Smart Grid is inclusive of advance tools, latest communication technologies and storage devices, which makes the Smart Grid vulnerable and complex. This paper aims to review the performance analysis of Smart Grid. It also presents various models of the Smart Grid performance indices. It presents the methods available for stability, reliability and resilience assessment in Smart Grid. It also describes the implementation approach using the real time tools and techniques.

scholarly journals Smart Grid on Issues and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4628-4632
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Smart Meters

Smart grids ensure the energy conservation and cost effective energy management that encourage the clean energy environment. . The transformation of power grid involves implementation of contemporary measuring equipment’s and communication technologies for effective energy data transfer and management. The smart grids do have their benefits but they also come with bottlenecks pertaining to the areas of SM (Smart Meters), information and communication technology (ICT) and in unification of RES (Renewable Energy Source). This paper provides a survey of challenges related to these bottlenecks. It also throws light on the advancement in communication technology which is helpful to induce reliability and efficacy in the smart grids (SG). A complete overview of the same including its limitations in the current scenario is also provided. The survey on the advanced communication technologies, security on the utility and consumers smart grid devices, turns the smart grid as the better solution for the future energy demand.

Formal Verification of ZigBee-Based Routing Protocol for Smart Grids

2021 ◽  
pp. 1002-1017
Author(s):  
Adnan Rashid ◽  
Osman Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Efficiency Performance

Smart grids provide a digital upgradation of the conventional power grids by alleviating the power outages and voltage sags that occur due to their inefficient communication technologies and systems. They mainly tend to strengthen the efficiency, performance, and reliability of the traditional grids by establishing a trusted communication link between their different components through routing protocols. The conventional methods, i.e., the computer-based simulations and net testing, for analyzing these routing network protocols are error-prone and thus cannot be relied upon while analyzing the safety-critical smart grid systems. Formal methods can cater for the above-mentioned inaccuracies and thus can be very beneficial in analyzing communication protocols used in smart grids. In order to demonstrate the utilization and effectiveness of formal methods in analyzing smart grid routing protocols, we use the UPPAAL model checker to formally model the ZigBee-based routing protocol. We also verify some of its properties, such as, liveness, collision avoidance and deadlock freeness.

scholarly journals Solid State Transformers: Concepts, Classification, and Control

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Azharuddin Shamshuddin ◽  
Felix Rojas ◽  
Roberto Cardenas ◽  
Javier Pereda ◽  
Matias Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
And Control

Increase in global energy demand and constraints from fossil fuels have encouraged a growing share of renewable energy resources in the utility grid. Accordingly, an increased penetration of direct current (DC) power sources and loads (e.g., solar photovoltaics and electric vehicles) as well as the necessity for active power flow control has been witnessed in the power distribution networks. Passive transformers are susceptible to DC offset and possess no controllability when employed in smart grids. Solid state transformers (SSTs) are identified as a potential solution to modernize and harmonize alternating current (AC) and DC electrical networks and as suitable solutions in applications such as traction, electric ships, and aerospace industry. This paper provides a complete overview on SST: concepts, topologies, classification, power converters, material selection, and key aspects for design criteria and control schemes proposed in the literature. It also proposes a simple terminology to identify and homogenize the large number of definitions and structures currently reported in the literature.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Smart Grids: A Sustainable Future with Renewable Energy Resources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6269
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alotaibi ◽  
Mohammed A. Abido ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Andrey V. Savkin
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
New Era ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Grid Applications

The smart grid is an unprecedented opportunity to shift the current energy industry into a new era of a modernized network where the power generation, transmission, and distribution are intelligently, responsively, and cooperatively managed through a bi-directional automation system. Although the domains of smart grid applications and technologies vary in functions and forms, they generally share common potentials such as intelligent energy curtailment, efficient integration of Demand Response, Distributed Renewable Generation, and Energy Storage. This paper presents a comprehensive review categorically on the recent advances and previous research developments of the smart grid paradigm over the last two decades. The main intent of the study is to provide an application-focused survey where every category and sub-category herein are thoroughly and independently investigated. The preamble of the paper highlights the concept and the structure of the smart grids. The work presented intensively and extensively reviews the recent advances on the energy data management in smart grids, pricing modalities in a modernized power grid, and the predominant components of the smart grid. The paper thoroughly enumerates the recent advances in the area of network reliability. On the other hand, the reliance on smart cities on advanced communication infrastructure promotes more concerns regarding data integrity. Therefore, the paper dedicates a sub-section to highlight the challenges and the state-of-the-art of cybersecurity. Furthermore, highlighting the emerging developments in the pricing mechanisms concludes the review.

scholarly journals Demand Response Management Algorithm for Distributed Multi-Utility Environment in Smart Grid

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Grid Environment ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Information And Communication

Effective usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has started with a paradigm shift in the energy management and functioning of the conventional power grid. It also aids in the maintenance of the complete information about consumer usage pattern, power storage, supply and regulation. Blending of information and communication technologies with energy management creates a smart grid environment which makes it move to the next horizon. The smart grid environment, uplifts renewable energy sources and brings out novel strategies in the energy market. The new functioning of the energy market attracts more utility companies for decentralized power generation and optimizes the power price for the consumer. The consumer plays an active role in the demand response modelling to maximize the welfare of the utility and to obtain the optimized price for their demand. In this paper, a novel demand response management scheme is proposed for multi-utility environment. The utility companies function in a peer to peer manner to communicate effectively and to select a specific utility from a set of utilities for the power supply. The selection of single utility is based on a non-cooperative game theory algorithm where the demand and generated power should be balanced to maximize the welfare of the utility and the residential consumers. The power price can be updated in an equal interval to allow all the utilities to participate in the Distributed Multi-Utility Demand Response Management (DMDRM) system. The simulated results justify that the distributed noncooperative game theory algorithm certainly maximizes the welfare of the utility companies and residential consumers.

A methodology for smart grid reconfiguration

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fábio Ricardo de Oliveira Bento ◽  
Wanderley Cardoso Celeste
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Storage Energy

In this work, it is presented a methodology for the reconfiguration of smart grids that is applied to a smart grid formed by two microgrids that can be electrically interconnected in contingency situations. Each microgrid is also connected to an Electric Power System (EPS) when operating in the normal state. Moreover, the smart grid includes energy storage devices (batteries) located at strategic points. Serious faults that isolated the microgrids of the EPS and, moreover, considerably reduced the generation capacity of such microgrids are simulated. The proposed methodology is applied to reconfiguration in scenarios involving cooperation between microgrids and/or the use of energy storage devices. Performance indices are also proposed to enable a quantitative analysis for each scenario. It is shown that intelligent cooperation between microgrids and the smart-use storage energy is the best option for reducing the impacts in a contingency scenarios.

Distributed real-time pricing for smart grid considering sparse constraints and integration of distributed energy and storage devices

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tao ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Hongbo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Real Time Pricing ◽  
And Storage

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to seek an efficient method to tackle the energy provision problem for smart grid with sparse constraints and distributed energy and storage devices. Design/methodology/approach A complex smart grid is first studied, in which sparse constraints and the complex make-up of different energy consumption due to the integration of distributed energy and storage devices and the emergence of multisellers are discussed. Then, a real-time pricing scheme is formulated to tackle the demand response based on sparse bilevel programming. And then, a bilevel genetic algorithm (BGA) is further designed. Finally, simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Findings The considered situation is widespread in practice, and meanwhile, the other cases including traditional model without the sparse constraints can be seen as its extensions. The BGA based on sparse bilevel programming has advantages of “no need of convexity of the model.” Moreover, it is feasible without the need to disclose the private information to others; therefore, privacies are protected and system scalability is kept. Simulation results validate the proposed approach has good performance in maximizing social welfare and balancing system energy distribution. Research limitations/implications In this paper, the authors consider the sparse constraints due to the fact that each user can only choose limited utility companies per time slot. In reality, there exist some other sparse cases, which deserve further study in the future. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the very first studies to address pricing problems for the smart grid with consideration of sparse constraints and integration of distributed energy and storage devices.

Small-Scale Smart Electrical Grid Design, Construction, and Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Craig ◽  
Xiaokuan Li ◽  
Patrick Sesker ◽  
Alex Mcinerny ◽  
Thomas DeAgostino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Lead Acid

As society moves into the digital age, the expectation of instantaneous electricity at the flip of a switch is more prominent than ever. The traditional electric grid has become outdated and Smart Grids are being developed to deliver reliable and efficient energy to consumers. However, the costs involved with implementing their infrastructure often limits research to theoretical models. As a result, an undergraduate capstone design team constructed a small-scale 12 VDC version to be used in conjunction with classroom and research activities. In this model Smart Grid, two houses act as residential consumers, an industrial building serves as a high-load demand device, and a lead-acid battery connected to a 120 VAC wall outlet simulates fossil fuel power plants. A smaller lead-acid battery provides a microgrid source while a photovoltaic solar panel adds renewable energy into the mix and can charge either lead-acid battery. All components are connected to a National Instruments CompactRIO system while being controlled and monitored via a LabVIEW software program. The resulting Smart Grid can run independently based on constraints related to energy demand, cost, efficiency, and environmental impact. Results are shown demonstrating choices based on these constraints, including a corresponding weighting according to controller objectives.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Block Chain Applications In Bitcoin And Smart Grid Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Srujana Vungarala
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Block Chain

Blockchain is the nascent technology which has the capability of incorruptible future in making. The blockchain mechanism is regarded for its security. In recent years, many have adopted for Blockchain. This paper tries to analyze some of the game changing technologies using blockchain mechanism. The paper has been framed by using secondary research and the authors’ opinion is also voiced.Blockchain-based application are springing up, covering numerous fields including financial services, Internet of Things (IoT), and Energy distribution systems Smart Grids uses blockchain to control the flow of energy. Blockchain, the foundation of Bitcoin, has received extensive attentions recently. Blockchain serves as an immutable ledger which allows transactions take place in a decentralized manner. Blockchain-Based Smart Grids presents emerging applications of blockchain in electrical system. As, Rapid growth of renewable energy resources in power systems we require a system through which we can monitor the consumption and supply of the electricity. This is sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. This paper is tailored to analyze the blockchain applications in Bitcoin and Smart Grid.

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