scholarly journals PYROLYSIS OF ALANG – ALANG (IMPERATA CILINDRICA) AS BIOENERGY SOURCE IN BANTEN PROVINCE INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Fitriyah Fitriyah ◽  
Syarif Hidayat ◽  
Muhammad S. Abu Bakar ◽  
Neeranuch Phusunti
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bio Oil

Bahan bakar fosil sumber energi memiliki keterbatasan dan tidak terbarukan, penggunaan bahan bakar fosil secara terus menerus mengakibatkan krisis energy dan lingkungan. Rumput liar pada saat ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai generasi kedua biomasa. Hal ini memiliki keuntungan seperti tumbuh dengan cepat, mudah tumbuh, perawatan yang minimal, dapat tumbuh pada lahan kritis dan tersedia dalam jumlah yang banyak. Dalam upaya mengembangkan generasi kedua biomasa, penelitian ini secara sistematis memberikan perspektif ekologi dan teknologi proses dalam mengembangkan bioenergi dari alang – alang di Provinsi Banten. Pada penelitian ini karakterisasi alang – alang dilakukan untuk menentukan sifat – sifat dan potensi bioenergy. Sedangkan fixed bed pirolisis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi produksi bio-oil dari proses pirolisis. Sementara analisis karakterisasi bio-oil dilakukan untuk melihat potensi chemical building block sebagai sumber energi. Analisis sifat kimia dan fisika alang – alang dilakukan melalui thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional analysis, calorific value. Sedangkan analisis potensi bio-oil di lakukan melalui Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil karakterisasi mengindikasikan bahwa alang – alang memiliki nilai kalori 18,05 MJ/kg, dengan ash konten yang rendah, dan tinggi kandungan volatile. Analisis dengan GC/MS menunjukan komponen utama dalam bio-oil dikelompokan ke dalam furan, ketone, phenol dan anhydrosugar yang merupakan platform yang dapat dikonversi menjadi sumber energi. Fixed bed pyrolysis atau fixed bed pirolisis alang – alang menunjukan, bahwa yield bio-oil meningkat sebagaimana peningkatan temperatur dan puncaknya pada suhu 500 0C dengan persentase 37,91%. Kata Kunci: Alang - alang, Pirolisis, GC/MS, Thermogravimetric analysis, Bioenergi   ABSTRACT Fossil fuel as a source of energy have limitation and are non-renewable. Continuous utilisation of fossil fuels as energy source can lead to energy crisis and environmental impact. Perennials grasses (alang – alang) are currently being developed as a suitable second-generation biofuel feedstock. It has advantages such as rapid growth rate, easy to grow, minimal maintenance and utilise marginal land without competing with food supply. Taking into account of the various challenges attributed to the transformation of second-generation biomass for energy production, this work systematically looks at the ecological perspective and the availability for bioenergy production from alang – alang in Banten Province. Biomass characterisation is carried out to determine the properties and bioenergy potential. Fixed bed pyrolysis study was conducted to predict the potential production of bio-oil from the pyrolysis process. GC/MS study is conducted to identify the potential building blocks of value-added chemicals from alang – alang. The physicochemical properties of feedstock was thoroughly evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional analysis, calorific value. The analysis of the potential of bio-oil was carried out through GC / MS. Characterisation results indicate that alang - alang has a calorific value of 18.39 MJ/kg, with low ash content and high percentage of volatile matter. Analysis from Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that majority of the chemical groups in the bio-oil contained furan, ketone, phenol and anhydro-sugars. Phenolic and furanic were found as major compounds in bio oil. Phenolic, furanic, ketonic and anhydrosugars are promising renewable platform compounds derived from pyrolysis of alang – alang. The compounds can be further converted to chemicals or fuels. The fixed-bed pyrolysis of alang - alang showed that the yield of bio-oil increases as the temperature increases and peaks at 500°C with 38.79%. Keywords: Alang - alang, Pyrolysis, GC/MS, Thermogravimetric analysis, Bioenergy

scholarly journals Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Polypropylene over Desilicated Beta and Al-MSU-F

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Lee ◽  
Young-Kwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Mesoporous Catalysts ◽  
Branched Hydrocarbons

The catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of different thermoplastics, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), over two types of mesoporous catalysts, desilicated Beta (DeBeta) and Al-MSU-F (AMF), was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Catalytic TGA of PE and PP showed lower decomposition temperatures than non-catalytic TGA over both catalysts. Between the two catalysts, DeBeta decreased the decomposition temperatures of waste plastics further, because of its higher acidity and more appropriate pore size than AMF. The catalytic Py-GC/MS results showed that DeBeta produced a larger amount of aromatic hydrocarbons than AMF. In addition, CP over AMF produced a large amount of branched hydrocarbons.

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wheat Straws for Bio-Oil and Related Analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2419-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Liu ◽  
Yan Xing Liu ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Jian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Optimal Reaction

The liquefaction of wheat straws in sub-critical water to obtain bio-oil was investigated in this paper. We observed that the reaction temperature (300-374 °C) and reaction time (1-15 min) played important roles in the yield of bio-oil and found the optimal reaction conditions (340 °C, 5 min). The bio-oil was analyzed by elemental analysis, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the heating value of bio-oil product was 32-38 MJ/kg, higher than that of the bio-oil obtained from microalgae, and the product was composed of ketones, phenol and its derivatives, aromatics and small amount of aldehydes and ethers.

Identification of Trace Organics in a Treated Lubricating Oil Refinery Wastewater

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
I. Töws ◽  
G. Albers ◽  
H. Gulyas ◽  
H.-P. Eickhoff ◽  
M. Reich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Alkyl Benzenes

Organic substances in the influent and in the effluent of a fixed bed biology located at a lubricating oil refinery were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Totals of hydrocarbons were 0.8 mg/l (influent) and 0.1 mg/l (effluent) indicating a biological removal of nearly 90% of the hydrocarbons. High temperature gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry of 1,1,2-trichloro-trifluoro-ethane extracts revealed that monocycloalkanes were the major group of hydrocarbons in the influent (590 µg/l) as well as in the effluent (65 µg/l) of the biological stage. A small amount of the hydrocarbons in the influent were aromatic compounds (mainly alkyl benzenes and benzocycloalkanes) which were degraded in the bioreactor to a lower extent than the aliphatic compounds. In dichloromethane extracts of the 60-fold concentrated effluent of the biological stage only few organics were identified gas chromatographically. Besides 1-methyl-2-propyl-cyclohexane a couple of ethers and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were the main components detected in the dichloromethane extracts. The data presented here confirm that aerobic fixed bed biology is an efficient final treatment step for refinery wastewaters.

Pyrolysis of Hesigewula Lignite and Identification of Aromatics in the Pyrolysis Tar by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Duan ◽  
De Min He ◽  
Shao Ying Chang ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Fan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Tar

Hesigewula lignite was studied by fixed bed pyrolysis to achieve the optimal conditions for pyrolysis under low temperature. It was found that the maximum tar yield 6.60wt% under 50 mL/min of gas carrier, 500 °C, 0.5 MPa and holding for 15 min. By column chromatography, we extracted aromatics of the tar generated under the optimal condition. Aromatics with 2 and 3 rings are predominant in the tar from Hesigewula lignite pyrolysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), however, the tetracyclics and above compounds were very few. Naphthalene and its derivatives had pivotal position in aromatics.

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