The physicochemical parameters influence on the hydrogen sorption evolution from multicomponent mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Shcherbakov ◽  
◽  
Andrey V. Goltsev ◽  
Svetlana V. Kurbatova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Multicomponent Mixture ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The results of a study of the physicochemical parameters influence on the evolution of hydrogen from a multicomponent mixture are presented. It is shown that the search for alternative energy sources is currently one of the urgent tasks in various fields of science, industry and ecology. The most promising under the current conditions is the transition to the use of hydrogen fuel. At the same time, hydrogen is used both as a caloric additive to hydrocarbon fuel to reduce the toxicity of combustion products, and for independent use as a fuel. The relevance of the study of the problem of the use of hydrogen is associated with the possibility of obtaining a greater amount of energy than when using a similar amount of gasoline, as well as with its widespread use in the chemical, electronic, pharmaceutical industries, in the automotive industry, metallurgy, etc. The work showed that to obtain pure hydrogen from gas mixtures, mainly three main processes of hydrogen concentration are used: selective filtration through polymer membranes; short cycle adsorption; cryogenic separation. The choice of one or another method of hydrogen evolution depends, as a rule, on economic indicators and technology flexibility. In this case, the most widely used in the production of high-purity hydrogen are adsorption methods, which feature are a high degree of extraction of impurities, as well as low operating costs and comparative ease of implementation. Typical substances associated with hydrogen are nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, methane. A problem in the adsorption production of hydrogen is also the high selectivity of the sorbents used to the components of mixtures of hydrogen-containing gases associated with hydrogen. Promising materials for these purposes are sorbents with a molecular sieve effect – molecular sieves and carbon molecular sieves of various production, but the choice of a specific material for this task is a very acute analytical task, since the material should have many positive characteristics. The influence of such physicochemical parameters on the process of adsorption of hydrogen from a multicomponent mixture, such as the concentration of production hydrogen, the velocity of the gas mixture in the adsorber, and the pressure at the adsorption stage, is studied.

SPECTRAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE HYDROCARBON FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
M. A. Vaganov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Propane Combustion ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Spectral Diagnostics

It is proposed to use the methods of applied optical spectroscopy to solve the problem of control and diagnostics of gaseous hydrocarbon fuel combustion in this work. The results of an experimental study of spectroscopic informative parameters characterizing the propane combustion process are presented for three modes: combustion of pure propane without air supply, stoichiometric combustion and combustion with a change in the amount of supplied air relative to stoichiometric combustion. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the most intense bands in the emission spectrum of the flame arising from the combustion of propane correspond to the spectral bands of radicals of combustion products: OH, CH, and C2. While the intensities of various systems of bands in the flame spectrum depend significantly on the composition of the combustible mixture.

scholarly journals Simulation study of an auto-thermal double-membrane reactor for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and methanol: comparison of two different hydrogen redistribution strategies along the reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Farhad Rahmani ◽  
Mohammad Haghighi ◽  
Pooya Estifaee ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Counter Current

Abstract In a continuing effort to realize the simultaneous hydrogen and methanol production via the auto-thermal methanol synthesis process, the effect of two different hydrogen redistribution strategies along a double-membrane reactor has been considered. A steady-state one-dimensional heterogeneous model was developed to compare two strategies applied in the operation of the auto-thermal methanol synthesis. It was found that the counter-current configuration exhibited the better performance compared to the reactor operated in the co-current mode from both the economic and environmental points of view. This superiority is ascribed to the establishment of a more favourable temperature profile along the reactor and also more hydrogen extraction from the reaction zone. Moreover, the influence of some operating variables was investigated on the performance of the auto-thermal double-membrane reactor in the counter-current configuration. The results suggest that utilizing this configuration for pure hydrogen and methanol production could be feasible and beneficial.

scholarly journals Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation via Oxy–Steam Reforming of Methanol Process

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5601
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mosińska ◽  
Małgorzata I. Szynkowska-Jóźwik ◽  
Paweł Mierczyński
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Methanol Reforming ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methanol ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The production of pure hydrogen is one of the most important problems of the modern chemical industry. While high volume production of hydrogen is well under control, finding a cheap method of hydrogen production for small, mobile, or his receivers, such as fuel cells or hybrid cars, is still a problem. Potentially, a promising method for the generation of hydrogen can be oxy–steam-reforming of methanol process. It is a process that takes place at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure, which makes it possible to generate hydrogen directly where it is needed. It is a process that takes place at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure, which makes it possible to generate hydrogen directly where it is needed. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the catalysts used for the production of hydrogen in the process of the oxy–steam-reforming of methanol (OSRM). The development of innovative energy generation technologies has intensified research related to the design of new catalysts that can be used in methanol-reforming reactions. This review shows the different pathways of the methanol-reforming reaction. The paper presents a comparison of commonly used copper-based catalysts with other catalytic systems for the production of H2 via OSRM reaction. The surface mechanism of the oxy–steam-reforming of methanol and the kinetic model of the OSRM process are discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: A NEW PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN WITH CARBON MOLECULAR SIEVES

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KNOBLAUCH ◽  
J. REICHENBERGER ◽  
H.-J. SCHROETER ◽  
H. JUENTGEN
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Carbon Molecular Sieves ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
New Process

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HEAVY METAL DETERMINATION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS OF IBADAN CITY, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
O. O. Okoyomon ◽  
H. A. Kadir ◽  
Z. U. Zango ◽  
U. Saidu ◽  
S. A. Nura
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The rise of heavy metal presence in environmental waters has made it necessary to continuously examine industrial effluents to maintain the quality of the environment. The focus of this study is centered on determining the heavy metal concentrations and some physicochemical parameters in twelve industrial effluents samples collected from various locations across Ibadan city. A composite sampling method was utilized to obtain representative effluent samples of the 12 Industries (categorized into food, beverage, tobacco, plastic, Pharmaceutical, chemical, and allied industries) and borehole samples from around the city were used as control. The effluent samples were digested by nitric acid (HNO3) and analyzed for cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method (AAS). Some physicochemical parameters such as pH (Jenway 3510 pH meter), total dissolved solids (Hanna TDS meter), total suspended solids, and phosphate were determined. The heavy metal mean values were compared with Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard values shown in table 1. The mean concentrations of heavy metal in the industrial effluent samples were Cu (0.32 mg/L), Pb (0.037 mg/L), Ni (0.50 mg/L), Co (0.037 mg/L), Cd (0.016 mg/L), Fe (54.0 mg/L) and Cr (0.44 mg/L). It was found that Chemical and allied industries have the highest concentration for metals such as Fe (128 mg/L), Ni (1.1 mg/L), and Cu (0.27 mg/L) while Cr (0.0067 mg/L) and Co (0.08 mg/L) were obtained in the Food/Beverage and pharmaceutical industries respectively. Conclusively, the industries around the Ibadan city stand as potential contributors to pollution, hence a periodical and continuous assessment effort are recommended.

scholarly journals Miscanthus plants processing in fuel, energy, chemical and microbiological industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Olga Babich ◽  
Olga Krieger ◽  
Evgeny Chupakhin ◽  
Oksana Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The increasing shortage of fossil hydrocarbon fuel dictates the need to search for and develop alternative energy sources, including plant biomass. This paper is devoted to the study of the Miscanthus plants biomass potential and the analysis of technologies of its processing into products targeted at bioenergy, chemistry, and microbiology. Miscanthus is a promising renewable raw material to replace wood raw materials for the production of chemical, fuel, energy, and microbiological industries. Miscanthus is characterised by highly productive (up to 40 tons per one hectare of dry matter) C4-photosynthesis. Dry Miscanthus contains 47.1–49.7% carbon, 5.38–5.92% hydrogen, and 41.4–44.6% oxygen. The mineral composition includes K, Cl, N and S, which influence the processes occurring during biomass combustion. The total amount of extractives per dry substance lies in the range of 0.3–2.2 % for different extraction reagents. Miscanthus has optimal properties as an energy source. Miscanthus × giganteus pellets showed the energy value of about 29 kJ/g. For the bioconversion of plants into bioethanol, it is advisable to carry out simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, thus reducing the duration of process steps and energy costs. Miscanthus cellulose is of high quality and can be used for the synthesis of new products. Further research will focus on the selection of rational parameters for processing miscanthus biomass into products with improved physical and chemical characteristics: bioethanol, pellets, industrial cellulose, bacterial cellulose, carbohydrate substrate.

Pivotal Role of Chirality in Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) Water Splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yingfei Hu ◽  
Weimin Yang ◽  
Hangmin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Enthalpy Of Combustion ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

For decades, the over-exploitation of fossil fuel has made it urgent to develop alternative energy. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach to generate hydrogen, which is referred to as the fuel of the future due to its high enthalpy of combustion and zero pollution. Though impressive progress has been made over the years, PEC water splitting efficiency is still far from volume production of hydrogen, and more efforts are required to reduce the overpotential, inhibit the yield of hydrogen peroxide by-product, improve the PEC current density, improve light-harvesting capability, and develop low-cost earth-abundant catalysts. Recently, chirality has shown to play a pivotal role in addressing the issues of PEC water splitting via the effect of chiralinduced spin controlling and chiral-enhanced light harvesting. It is high time to pay attention to the art of chirality in promoting water splitting efficiency. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed, the approaches to introducing chirality into photo/electronic catalysts for PEC water splitting are summarized, characterization techniques applied in this research field are summed up, the challenges of chirality-enhanced PEC water splitting are discussed, and based on the present achievements, its bright future is anticipated.

One-pot preparation of multicomponent photocatalyst with (Zn,Co,Ni)(O,S)/Ga2O3 nanocomposites to significantly enhance hydrogen production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairus Abdullah ◽  
Riski Titian Ginting ◽  
Anita C Sembiring ◽  
Noto Susanto Gultom ◽  
Hardy Shuwanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

To enhance the production of hydrogen as the alternative energy to fossil fuel, multicomponent photocatalyst (Zn,Co,Ni)(O,S)/Ga2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized and optimized with different amounts of Ga precursor at a relatively...

A Novel Two-Step Hydrogen Cycled Methane Reforming Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breitkopf ◽  
Yardlynne Smalley ◽  
Zhong-Lin Wang ◽  
Robert Snyder ◽  
Michael Haluska
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
High Temperature Xrd ◽  
Good Cycling Stability

ABSTRACTWe have prepared novel transition metal fluorite materials for a 2-step hydrogen reformer process that generates low CO hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The nanopowder materials, which are converted to an oxygen vacancy rich form in the first step of the process using methane or any hydrocarbon fuel are subsequently brought back to their original state using water vapor while generating pure hydrogen in the process. We have observed large weight losses in TGA measurements below 500°C with our nanomaterials that we do not observe in similar powders with larger grain size that comprise an efficient low temperature first step. We have also observed decreases in lattice parameter in high temperature XRD measurements consistent with formation of a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. The process has produced fuel efficiencies as high as 65% with typical CO content below 30 ppm using methane fuel. Additionally, since we are using nanomaterials, we have enabled low temperature hydrogen generation with good cycling stability at 500°C.

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