scholarly journals Laboratory methods for producing of effective adsorbents on the basis of diatomite for purification of water from impurities of well-soluble organic compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Ubaskina ◽  
◽  
Marina B. Alekhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Granular Adsorbent ◽  
Purification Of Water

Today there is the problem of fine water purification during its consumption and disposal in industry from impurities of water-soluble organic compounds that enter it with pharmaceutical, cosmetic preparations, food waste, waste from the textile and chemical industries. Diatomite is a good raw material for the production of these adsorbents. It is found that diatomite is the mesoporous sorbent. The permeability of diatomite can be increased by granulating of the rock. It is found that heat treatment is necessary to obtain more durable granules from diatomite: when the increasing in the temperature of heat treatment of granules the compressive strength of granules increases too. At the same time, when the temperature of the heat treatment is increasing, the equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue on diatomite granules is decreasing. The optimum temperature for the heat treatment of granules is 550 °C. It is found that the heat treatment and granulation of diatomite do not have a significant impact on the adsorptive-structural properties of the rock: up to 70 % of the pore volume of granules is the volume of mesopores. The powdered adsorbent from diatomite which can be obtained by the developed laboratory method can be used in industrial water purification schemes where static adsorption is used for fine water purification. Using the developed laboratory method for producing granular adsorbent from diatomite, it is possible to produce an adsorbent for water purification under dynamic adsorption conditions, where a high value of the sorbent permeability is important.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Chemical Changes in Red Lentil Seeds during The Germination Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Szedljak ◽  
Anikó Kovács ◽  
Gabriella Kun-Farkas ◽  
Botond Bernhardt ◽  
Szabina Králik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Germination Process

Abstract Red lentils are a very important raw material in the food industry due to their high protein content and high level of health-promoting components. The nutritive value of red lentils is the most important attribute from a research point of view; it can be increased by germination, soaking as well as physical and biochemical processes. The antinutritive materials are reduced or denatured by the germination process and indigestible components become available to the human body. Heat treatment was applied to achieve different temperatures and increase the microbiological stability of germinating samples. The effect of heat treatment on the amounts of certain components and the activity of oxidative enzymes was tested during our experiments; the nutritional characteristics (water-soluble total polyphenol content (WSTPC), water-soluble protein content (WSPC), water-soluble antioxidant capacity, in addition to peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities) of different treatments in red lentil samples were monitored. The WSTPC in our samples ranged from 0.726 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent GAE/g DW (DW being dry weight) to 1.089 mg GAE/g DW, and the WSPC varied from 19.078 g / 100g DW to 29.692 g / 100 g DW. Results showed that germination led to an increase in the WSTPC and WSPC. The peroxidase enzyme activity also exhibited an increase during germination which could result in deepening of the colour of the finished products. Germination resulted in the water-soluble antioxidant capacity of red lentil samples decreasing.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) in PM2.5and PM10at a subtropical site of India

Tellus B ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Khare ◽  
B. P. Baruah ◽  
P. G. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble

Sorption of Water Soluble Organic Dyes on Magnetic Poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1448-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Šafařík ◽  
Miroslava Šafaříková ◽  
Vlasta Buřičová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Magnetite Particles

Magnetic composite based on poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) (PODMP) was prepared by melting the polymer with ε-caprolactam in a presence of fine magnetite particles. Magnetic PODMP was used for sorption of water soluble organic compounds (dyes belonging to triphenylmethane, heteropolycyclic and azo dye groups) from water solutions. There were considerable differences in the binding of the dyes tested. In general, heteropolycyclic dyes exhibited the lowest sorption.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Membrane Distillation and Impact of Track-Etched Membranes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2520
Author(s):  
Arman B. Yeszhanov ◽  
Ilya V. Korolkov ◽  
Saule S. Dosmagambetova ◽  
Maxim V. Zdorovets ◽  
Olgun Güven
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Narrow Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Purification Of Water

Membrane distillation (MD) is a rapidly developing field of research and finds applications in desalination of water, purification from nonvolatile substances, and concentration of various solutions. This review presents data from recent studies on the MD process, MD configuration, the type of membranes and membrane hydrophobization. Particular importance has been placed on the methods of hydrophobization and the use of track-etched membranes (TeMs) in the MD process. Hydrophobic TeMs based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polycarbonate (PC) have been applied in the purification of water from salts and pesticides, as well as in the concentration of low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLLRW). Such membranes are characterized by a narrow pore size distribution, precise values of the number of pores per unit area and narrow thickness. These properties of membranes allow them to be used for more accurate water purification and as model membranes used to test theoretical models (for instance LEP prediction).

Temperature-induced alanine oxidation in a psychrotrophic Pseudomonas

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2028-2033
Author(s):  
Prince K. Zachariah ◽  
John Liston
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Oxidase System ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Induction Of Enzymes ◽  
Elution Fraction

A psychrotrophic pseudomonad isolated from iced fish oxidized alanine at temperatures close to 0 °C and grew over the range 0 °C–35 °C. The rate of oxidation of alanine, measured manometrically, by cells grown at 2 °C was lower than that of cells grown at 22 °C. However, the consumption of oxygen after heat treatment at 35 °C for 35 min was reduced considerably by 2 °C grown cells. Alanine oxidase activity was tested in an extract from cells grown at 2 °C and 22 °C with alanine as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. Cells grown at 2 °C produced an alanine oxidase with a temperature optimum of 35 °C and pH optimum of 8, which lost about 80% activity by heat treatment at 40 °C for 30 min. There was no change in activity after dialysis at pH 7, 8, or 9. Extracts from cells grown at 22 °C contained an alanine oxidase system with an optimum temperature of 45 °C, a pH optimum above 8, and only about 30% reduction of activity after heat treatment. This enzyme activity was concentrated in the 0.5 M elution fraction from a Sephadex column, and dialysis reduced the activity at pH 7 and 8. Mesophilic enzyme synthesis apparently started around a growth temperature of 10 °C.The crude alanine oxidase systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived from cells grown at 13 °C and 37 °C had a common optimum temperature of 45 °C. These data suggest that one mechanism of psychrophilic growth by psychrotrophic bacteria may be the induction of enzymes with low optimum temperatures in response to low temperature conditions.

Detailed NMR analysis of water-soluble organic compounds in size-resolved particulate matter seasonally collected at a suburban site in Prague.

2021 ◽  
pp. 118757
Author(s):  
Štěpán Horník ◽  
Jan Sýkora ◽  
Petra Pokorná ◽  
Petr Vodička ◽  
Jaroslav Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Suburban Site

The effect of phase transformations in the process of electrom-beam 3D-printing and post-built heat treatment on the peculiarities of plastic deformation and fracture of high nitrogen Cr-Mn steel

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
E.G. Astafurova ◽  
◽  
K.A. Reunova ◽  
S.V. Astafurov ◽  
M.Yu. Panchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Deformation And Fracture

We investigated the phase composition, plastic deformation and fracture micromechanisms of Fe-(25-26)Cr-(5-12)Mn-0.15C-0.55N (wt. %) high-nitrogen chromium-manganese steel. Obtained by the method of electron-beam 3D-printing (additive manufacturing) and subjected to a heat treatment (at a temperature of 1150°C following by quenching). To establish the effect of the electron-beam 3D-printing process on the phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of high-nitrogen steel, a comparison was made with the data for Fe-21Cr-22Mn-0.15C-0.53N austenitic steel (wt. %) obtained by traditional methods (casting and heat treatment) and used as a raw material for additive manufacturing. It was experimentally established that in the specimens obtained by additive manufacturing method, depletion of the steel composition by manganese in the electron-beam 3D-printing and post-built heat treatment contributes to the formation of a macroscopically and microscopically inhomogeneous two-phase structure. In the steel specimens, macroscopic regions of irregular shape with large ferrite grains or a two-phase austenite-ferrite structure (microscopic inhomogeneity) were observed. Despite the change in the concentration of the basic elements (chromium and manganese) in additive manufacturing, a high concentration of interstitial atoms (nitrogen and carbon) remains in steel. This contributes to the macroscopically heterogeneous distribution of interstitial atoms in the specimens - the formation of a supersaturated interstitial solid solution in the austenitic regions due to the low solubility of nitrogen and carbon in the ferrite regions. This inhomogeneous heterophase (ferrite-austenite) structure has high strength properties, good ductility and work hardening, which are close to those of the specimens of the initial high-nitrogen austenitic steel used as the raw material for additive manufacturing.

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