scholarly journals Zika en Panamá y Latinoamérica: Aspectos clínicos y moleculares de una problemática emergente

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge David Mendez-Rios ◽  
Sandra López-Vergès ◽  
José Suarez ◽  
Brechla Moreno ◽  
Claude Vergès de López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Virus Zika

<p>Resumen<br />El propósito de esta revisión es presentar al equipo de salud latinoamericano y de la región del caribe un panorama de la situación actual con el virus Zika (ZIKAV), y al mismo tiempo, proveer conocimiento clínica y molecular relevante para enfrentar este problema emergente. Esperamos que esta revisión tenga un impacto positivo en el diagnóstico, vigilancia, y tratamiento de esta enfermedad viral, especialmente en comunidades endémicas, como parte de un esfuerzo colectivo para enfrentar este virus. Este manuscrito será distribuido electrónicamente y físicamente como una iniciativa de salud pública y epidemiologica.<br /><br /><br />Abstract<br />The purpose of this review is to provide Latin America's and the region's healthcare professionals with an overview of the current situation related to Zika virus (ZIKAV), and at the same time, to provide relevant clinical and molecular knowledge against this emerging problem. We expect to have a positive impact in diagnostic, surveillance and treatment of this viral disease, specially in those endemic communities, as part of a collective effort against the virus. This review will be distributed as hard-copy and online as a public health and epidemiological initiative.</p><p> </p><p>Palabras claves:<br />ZIKAV, control de vector, brote, vigilancia epidemiológica, microcefalia<br /><br /><br />Keywords: <br />Zika virus, vector control, outbreak, survillance, microcephaly</p>

Effects of climate change on the spread of zika virus: a public health threat

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Asad ◽  
David O. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
South America ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Zika is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The increased climate instability has contributed to the emergence of infections carried by mosquitoes like dengue, chikungunya and zika. While infection with the zika virus is not new, the recent epidemic of microcephaly in Brazil and other countries in South America resulting from the infection of pregnant women with the zika virus raise a number of serious public health concerns. These include the question of how climate change affects the range of zika vectors, what can we do to shorten the length of mosquito season, how and why the symptoms of zika infection have changed and what can be done to reduce the burden of human disease from this infection? Another important question that needs to be answered is what are the factors that caused the zika virus to leave the non-human primates and/or other mammals and invade the human population?

scholarly journals Zika Virus: A Global Threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Nasreen Farhana ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Zika virus is a enveloped, non-segmented, ichoshedral single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus. It belongs to the Flaviviridae and was first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the Zika forest, Uganda, then in mosquitoes (Aedes africanus) in the same forest in 1948 and in a human in Nigeria in 1952. Before 2007, viral circulation and a few outbreaks were documented in tropical Africa and in some areas in Southeast Asia. In 2015, Zika viral disease outbreaks were reported in Brazil of South America for the first time and it is now considered as an emerging infectious disease. This ongoing outbreak of Zika virus that began in Brazil has spread too much of South and Central America (except Canada and Chile) and the Caribbean. According to the CDC, Brazilian health authorities reported more than 404 cases of microcephaly between October 2015 and January 2016. Seventeen of those cases have a confirmed link to the Zika virus. Its natural reservoir is yet to be unknown. Transmission mainly by mosquito Aedes aegypti but it can be transmitted from human to human by blood transfusion, saliva, urine and sexual contact. Most dangerous transmission is mother to fetus through placenta. Its actual pathogenesis is not clear but the pathogenesis of the virus is hypothesized to start with an infection of dendritic cells near the site of inoculation, followed by a spread to lymph nodes and the bloodstream Other than congenital malformation (microcephaly) disease symptoms are usually mild and short-lasting self-limiting febrile illness of 4-7 days duration without severe complications. No commercial diagnostic method against Zika virus are available. The virus constitutes an important public health threat in America and also worldwide as no effective treatment or vaccine is available till now. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the microcephaly condition, linked to the mosquito-borne virus, a global public health emergency.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 7, No. 2: Jul 2016, P 29-35

scholarly journals Enemy of My Enemy: A Novel Insect-Specific Flavivirus Offers a Promising Platform for a Zika Virus Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Danielle Porier ◽  
Sarah Wilson ◽  
Dawn Auguste ◽  
Andrew Leber ◽  
Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Trade Offs

Vaccination remains critical for viral disease outbreak prevention and control, but conventional vaccine development typically involves trade-offs between safety and immunogenicity. We used a recently discovered insect-specific flavivirus as a vector in order to develop an exceptionally safe, flavivirus vaccine candidate with single-dose efficacy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this platform, we created a chimeric Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine candidate, designated Aripo/Zika virus (ARPV/ZIKV). ZIKV has caused immense economic and public health impacts throughout the Americas and remains a significant public health threat. ARPV/ZIKV vaccination showed exceptional safety due to ARPV/ZIKV’s inherent vertebrate host-restriction. ARPV/ZIKV showed no evidence of replication or translation in vitro and showed no hematological, histological or pathogenic effects in vivo. A single-dose immunization with ARPV/ZIKV induced rapid and robust neutralizing antibody and cellular responses, which offered complete protection against ZIKV-induced morbidity, mortality and in utero transmission in immune-competent and -compromised murine models. Splenocytes derived from vaccinated mice demonstrated significant CD4+ and CD8+ responses and significant cytokine production post-antigen exposure. Altogether, our results further support that chimeric insect-specific flaviviruses are a promising strategy to restrict flavivirus emergence via vaccine development.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Aedes albopictus in North and Central Mississippi

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Jerome Goddard ◽  
Gail M. Moraru ◽  
Kristine T. Edwards ◽  
Sarah J. McInnis ◽  
J. Hunter Deerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Inclement Weather ◽  
Extensive Analysis

ABSTRACT Container-breeding mosquitoes are increasingly important in public health due to recent outbreaks of Zika virus, chikungunya, and dengue. This paper documents seasonality of the most prevalent container-breeding mosquito species in Mississippi—Aedes albopictus. Ten sites in 5 counties in both northern and central Mississippi (20 sites, 10 counties total) were sampled by larval dipping and oviposition traps biweekly from September 2016 to June 2019, totaling 22 months and potentially yielding 440 egg or larval collections. However, 22 collections were missed due to inclement weather and personnel issues during the study period, so actually only 418 site visits were performed. Sites were chosen to maximize chances of finding Ae. albopictus. Of the total 1,310 mosquito larvae collected during the study period, 717 larvae and 50 positive egg papers belonged to Ae. albopictus. Aedes albopictus was found in all 10 northern and central counties. No eggs were collected at any of the sites from December through February, although larvae were occasionally collected during that time frame. This study demonstrates that Ae. albopictus is active in central and northern Mississippi beginning in March each year and continuing through November or December. There is little activity during the coldest months of the year (January and February). These data represent the first extensive analysis of Ae. albopictus seasonality in Mississippi, and as such, allow for better public health awareness of diseases transmitted by this species and design of more effective vector control programs.

scholarly journals Zika virus- threat to human race

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Awasthi ◽  
Sarita Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
The World ◽  
Virus Zika ◽  
Health Organization

Zika virus was found in monkey of Zika forest of Uganda. Zika and Ebola viruses are fatal. Zika virus is spread through Aedes mosquitoes. The World Health Organization(WHO) has declared a public health emergency for Zika virus. Zika virus was first of all isolated in 1947. Fever and pain caused by Zika virus is cured by Acetaminophane medicine. Zika virus causes microcephali disease.

MICROCEFALIA ACOMETIDA POR INFECÇÃO CONGÊNITA PELO ZIKA VÍRUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (edesp) ◽  
pp. 577-583
Author(s):  
Uverlei Hilario De Jesus ◽  
Gilson Valente Vieira ◽  
Leôncio Torres Costa ◽  
Vera Lúcia Matias Gomes Geron
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Virus Versus ◽  
Virus Zika

Em 2014 o vírus Zika foi constatado no Brasil e a priori se espalhava apenas com sintomas semelhante a outras doenças virais como a Chikungunya e dengue. No entanto em 2015, ocorreu um grande surto de crianças recém-nascidas com microcefalia, o auto índice de crianças nascida com a má formação levou os especialistas a investigarem as causas. O trabalho realizado tem como objetivo principal apresentar a microcefalia como uma doença hematológica causada pelo Zika vírus. A metodologia utilizada se caracteriza como revisão bibliográfica de caráter exploratório e descritivo, a fim de buscar com precisão dados relevantes sobre o assunto abordado e descrever com pertinência sobre o fenômeno estudado, trazendo informações atualizadas e criteriosas sobre a microcefalia acometida pelo Zika vírus, bem como prevenção para gestantes e cuidados com crianças que nasceram com microcefalia. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o surto de crianças com microcefalia está relacionado com o caso Zika vírus. Os dados mostraram muitos casos prováveis da doença, atualmente, o vírus esta controlado em todo o país, no entanto, a própria ciência prevê mais pesquisas para buscar comprovações concretas da relação Zika vírus versus microcefalia, como também meios de prevenção e tratamentos adequados para mulheres em idade fértil e em período gestacional.

scholarly journals What is common and what is different: recommendations from European scientific societies for triage in the first outbreak of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106969
Author(s):  
Joana Teles Sarmento ◽  
Cristina Lírio Pedrosa ◽  
Ana Sofia Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Fair Allocation ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Life Saving

A public health emergency, as the COVID-19 pandemic, may lead to shortages of potentially life-saving treatments. In this situation, it is necessary, justifiable and proportionate to have decision tools in place to enable healthcare professionals to triage and prioritise access to those resources. An ethically sound framework should consider the principles of beneficence and fair allocation. Scientific Societies across Europe were concerned with this problem early in the pandemic and published guidelines to support their professionals and institutions. This article aims to compare triage policies from medical bodies across Europe, to characterise the process of triage and the ethical values, principles and theories that were proposed in different countries during the first outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prediction Models for Public Health Containment Measures on COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4499
Author(s):  
Anil Babu Payedimarri ◽  
Diego Concina ◽  
Luigi Portinale ◽  
Massimo Canonico ◽  
Deborah Seys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Commercial Activities

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have expanded their utilization in different fields of medicine. During the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, AI and ML were also applied for the evaluation and/or implementation of public health interventions aimed to flatten the epidemiological curve. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of AI and ML when applied to public health interventions to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings showed that quarantine should be the best strategy for containing COVID-19. Nationwide lockdown also showed positive impact, whereas social distancing should be considered to be effective only in combination with other interventions including the closure of schools and commercial activities and the limitation of public transportation. Our findings also showed that all the interventions should be initiated early in the pandemic and continued for a sustained period. Despite the study limitation, we concluded that AI and ML could be of help for policy makers to define the strategies for containing the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times and Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽  
Susana Iglesias-Casás ◽  
Víctor Manuel González-Chordá ◽  
María Jesús Valero-Chillerón ◽  
Laura Andreu-Pejó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Background: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. Results: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and “other” professionals repeatedly appeared. Conclusions: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System’s structure and management but also on healthcare professionals’ training.

scholarly journals South-east Asian Zika virus strain linked to cluster of cases in Singapore, August 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh ◽  
Tze-Minn Mak ◽  
Yi-Kai Ng ◽  
Shiau-Pheng Phuah ◽  
Roland G Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
First Case ◽  
Large Outbreak

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an ongoing global public health emergency with 70 countries and territories reporting evidence of ZIKV transmission since 2015. On 27 August 2016, Singapore reported its first case of local ZIKV transmission and identified an ongoing cluster. Here, we report the genome sequences of ZIKV strains from two cases and find through phylogenetic analysis that these strains form an earlier branch distinct from the recent large outbreak in the Americas.

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