scholarly journals Labour Process in Informal Sector: A Case Study of Carpet Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Majeed ◽  
Mohammad Swalehin
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Carpet Industry ◽  
Surplus Extraction ◽  
Four Blocks

The Carpet industry is an important informal sector in Kashmir, provides employment opportunities to lakhs of people in the rural and semi-urban areas of Kashmir. The carpet industry has made a significant contribution to production, employment, and export of handicraft products and contributes to economic development. Regardless of generating growth, weavers in carpet industry continue to be locked in the unequal and exploitative labour process. The purpose of the present study is to examine the labour process in the carpet industry with specific focus on organization of production, capital accumulation and wage pattern among carpet weavers in Pulwama district of Kashmir. The present study is both primary and secondary in nature. The primary data collected from four blocks of Pulwama district through interview-schedule, focused group discussion and field observation. The key findings revealed that there is diversity in production relation, weavers are facing with a problem of middlemen/master weaver exploitation, low earning, and long working hours and piece-wage is a mode of surplus extraction for capitalists in the carpet industry.

scholarly journals Present status, problems and prospect of fish farming at Gazipur Sadar upazila in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
M Das ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
T Akter ◽  
AQMR Kawser ◽  
MN Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Farming Community

The present study was conducted to reveal the present scenario, problems and the prospect of fish farming of Gazipur Sadar upazila Bangladesh. The primary data were collected through field survey, questionnaire interview and focus group discussion from the fish farmers of several villages and urban areas of the upazila. Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries and aquaculture extension section. Gazipur Sadar upazila has 14462.42 ha potential fisheries resources of which floodplains, seasonal water bodies, and ponds comprise 71.01%, 13.04%, and 8.57%, respectively. The total fish production of the upazila in 2016-17 was 14492.7 MT, 27% of the Gazipur district. The highest fish production of 5436 MT and 4.39 MT/ha/year came from the pond sector. Among different pond culture systems, the semi-intensive system had the highest fish production output (2826 MT). Exotic carps were the highest produced fish in the ponds. However, in spite of comprising a huge proportion of seasonal floodplains the fish production from this sector was only 0.42 MT/ha/year in 2016-2017. This indicates the poor utilization of inland open water resources for fish production in the study area. The major areas were identified to improve the existing pond fish farming situation were access to low-interest loan, quality seed, supply of advanced technologies, need-based training, and marketing facilities. Along with improving the pond fish farming, community-based fisheries management and some aquaculture initiatives on private own seasonal floodplains should be taken on a priority basis to improve open water management and to flourish inland fish production in the study area.Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 53-63, 2018

scholarly journals Correlates of Women’s Labor Force Supply in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafoor Awan ◽  
Zahir Faridi ◽  
Shazia Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

This study has analyzed correlation among those variables that affect women working hours in labor market in Pakistan. We used primary data that was collected from the rural and urban areas of District Multan. A sample of 300 women having eight years education was taken randomly and formal questionnaire was constructed for this purpose. Ordinary Least Square method was applied for estimation of parameters. The results of our empirical study show that various variables have expected signs in analysis. We found that joint family setup, family expenditures, number of dependent, working days and wage rate impact positively and significantly to the working hours of women. In contrast, number of children, nuclear family size, etcare inversely related to the women working hours. Therefore, we suggest that there should be provision of better education for women to improve their working hours and participation rate in labor market.

scholarly journals Accessing Labour, Resources and Institutions: Women Laborers in Brick Kiln of Jamune Bhanjyang, Tanahun , Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Prakash Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Brick Kilns

The key argument of this paper is that the changing nature of women’s involvement in non-agricultural labor force has added a critical dimension in the development process of Nepal. This relationship between involvement and development has been affected by nature of women’s employment, education, family responsibility and state policy. The major objective of this paper is to analyze critical issues, condition, tribulations and options associated with the livelihoods of women labourers working in brick kiln. For meeting the objectives, qualitative and quantitative data from both primary and secondary sources were used. Primary data were collected via self administered questionnaire, interview, observation and case study. The study findings reveal that due to poverty, low education and skills, many rural women are concentrated in low-skilled and low-paid employment in urban brick kilns where they suffer from gender discriminations, exploitations and male chauvinism in salary, working hours, promotion and facilities. Gender relation has been foremost in determining control over and access to labour, resources, institutions and services. Hence, understanding the different role of women and men is critical to understanding how that system affects women labour, reward, punishment, productivity and sustainability in brick kilns. Policies should consider women labourers easy access to education and information on their rights, as well as supportive institutions and legal measures to ensure their safety, gender rights and encourage private sector development in rural areas that can increase job opportunities for rural women hence reducing their brisk migration to urban areas for job.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 5 (December 2016), page:56-74

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN SEKTOR INFORMAL TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI DESA PINABETENGAN UTARA KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Praise Iroth ◽  
O. Esry H. Laoh ◽  
Ribka M. Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
North West ◽  
The Village

The same opportunity to work in the informal sector to encourage farmers to make the decision to allocate the available workforce to be more efficient than that of bulk farm working hours also had a busy time and leisure time. The increased revenue adds the satisfaction level through the increase of consumption and leisure time. This research is to determine the contribution of informal sector income on household income Pinabetengan farmers in the Northern District of West Tompaso. This research was conducted in the village of North Pinabetengan, in June 2015 through December 2015. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data taken with direct interviews to farmers who have jobs in the informal economy. Secondary data is data taken from North Pinabetengan village office. The analysis has used in this study are presented in tabular form. The main commodities of farmers in the village are corn, beans, peanuts, rice and vegetables and spices. Farm income of farmers is the smallest Rp 600,000 and Rp 9,800,000 the greatest. The informal sectors has done such as motorcycle taxi, buggy, stalls, food stalls, craftsmen, traders, tailors, pitchman, garage, laundry worker. The lowest Income informal sector is Rp 500,000 and the highest is Rp 2,400,000. Results of the analysis showed that the contribution of the informal sector to household income of farmers amounted to 41.10 % with an average farm income in rural sub-district Tompaso Pinabetengan north west Rp . 1,600,833 / month , the average income of informal sector Rp . 1.177 million / month . So that the average total income of Rp . 2717833.Keyword: Contribution, Informal Sector, Income, North Pinabetengan Village, Minahasa

scholarly journals Microeconomic Analysis of the Informal Sector - Results of Sample Surveys

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 605-619
Author(s):  
S. I. Cohen ◽  
Ivo C. H Avinga
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Institutional Influences ◽  
To Come

In earlier studies of the informal sector, and in particular in its association with small-scale, cottage and household manufacturing industries (HM), this sector was commonly considered as economically backward, low-income and offering few possibilities for raising productive employment. Later studies, by Allal and Chutta (1982) questioned this view , and noted, in addition, that informal activities are an important source of income and employment for a large portion of the population and will remain so over a long period to come and cannot be neglected , therefore, in t he design of development policies. The recognition of the importance of this sector has not removed two major obstacles in the investigation of the sector: data and viable analytical frameworks. Additional insight in the sector requires primary data collection of an unregistered population, and developing an analytical framework for studying settings with significant institutional influences. ll1is paper reports on the collection of primary data and on an analytical framework which were applied in a field survey of the informal sector in the context of urban areas in Pakistan

scholarly journals The Empowerment Strategy for The Food Crop Farmers in Anticipating The Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Efriyani Sumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

In Indonesia, the climate change and the global warming like changes in the pattern and distribution of the rainfall give impacts on agricultural production at large, especially in the food crops. These also cause droughts, floods, landslides, forest fires, rising temperatures in urban areas, and rising sea levels. The above impacts are felt by the farmers because those can lead to a decrease in production even the crop failure. This research aims to develop an empowerment strategy of the food crop farmers in anticipating the climate change in Central Java. The data used is the primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with key-person and the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) is conducted to determine the program priorities and strate gies. The result of research shows that anticipating the climate change should be synergistically conducted in four aspects: human resources, technology, institutional and production, by involving various groups in the society. Various groups can be grouped into academics, businessmen / private sectors, government and community of food crop farmers / society.

FACTORS AFFECTING URBAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
Vu Bach Diep ◽  
Dinh Hong Linh ◽  
Bui Thi Minh Hang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Agriculture Development

The process of urbanization is taking place fast and vigorously in large urban and peri-urban areas in Vietnam. According to national forecasts, the rate of urbanization nationwide will reach 39.3% by 2020 and 50-55% by 2035. Thai Nguyen is a province in the midland and mountainous region. The province is located at the northern gateway and bordered with Hanoi capital. In recent years, the agricultural land area of Thai Nguyen province has narrowed due to the urban-industrial development. Urban agriculture development is an inevitable direction, creating safe and high quality food products, protecting the ecological environment, and increasing people's income. Thai Nguyen is one of the provinces promoting sustainable urban agricultural development. Secondary and primary data sources are analyzed and synthesized by descriptive statistical methods. The article will analyze five groups of factors affecting urban agricultural development in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2015-2018, including Socio-economic; Natural conditions and infrastructure; Policy factors; Planning factors; Links and integration.

Evaluating the Impact and Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Insurance Policy Among Informal Sector in Lagos State Using Donabedian Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Afeez Kolawole Shittu ◽  
Kikelomo Aboyowa Mbada ◽  
Temitayo Isaac Odeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Donabedian Model ◽  
The Impact

The study used the Donabedian model (process, structure, and outcome) to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the Community Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) among informal sector population in rural and semi-urban areas of Lagos State, and the respondents were drawn among the market men and women, motorist, among others. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents were sampled based on the research advisor's sampling size. Lagos State is stratified along with its three senatorial districts and a local government each is purposively selected based on the full implementation of CBHIS. Data were analysed using descriptive and interferential statistics and the result revealed that 55% of respondents attested to the effectiveness of CBHIS in drastically reducing the cost of medical services and enhancing equal accessibility for healthcare needs. On the other hand, the implementation of CBHIS has no significant impact on healthcare service delivery due to the unfriendly attitude of healthcare providers towards the beneficiaries. The study concluded by providing information on the outcomes of CBHIS implementation at the sub-national level of government in Nigeria and suggest ways of improvement.

scholarly journals Environmental Movement and the Conservation of Forest: A Case Study on Ratargul Swamp Forest of Sylhet, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kazi Moriom Jahan ◽  
Afm Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the scope and nature of the environmental movement that may shape the existing management. Study Design: This paper is a qualitative study and based on empirical research. It focuses on the impact of environmental movements around Ratargul Swamp Forest Place and Duration of Study: This research was done around the Ratargul Swamp Forest located in on Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The study period was from January 2016 to November 2017. Methodology: For the primary data collection, 47 respondents were selected by using purposive sampling on the basis of their level of involvement. Data was collected from local people, environmental groups and the forest department. Data collection methods were key informant interview, in-depth interview, case study, focus group discussion and archival research. Results: People of Ratargul village are now more aware of the harmful activities of uncontrolled tourism while the Forest Department brings new management policies and practices in response to the local and civil pressure. It is also found that the Climate Resilient Ecosystem Livelihoods (CREL) project in Bangladesh actually works to negate the strength of the environmental movement rather than as a conservation proponent. The Forest Department is successful to implement their projects due to a lack of coordination between local activists. According to the respondents, 31.1% mark this movement as successful, 23.4% opine as completely failure and while remaining 44.4% thinks that it is partially successful. Conclusion: A strong, integrated, coordinated and organized form of resistance or movement is needed to break up the hegemony of Forest Department that may save the Ratargul Swamp Forest from ongoing damage.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Ruang Berdasarkan Perilaku Penghuni Sub Komunal Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat (RISHA), Semanggi, Surakarta

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Fauzan Ali Ikhsan ◽  
Anita Dianingrum ◽  
Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani ◽  
Pratiwi Anjar Sari ◽  
Mohamad Muqoffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data

<p class="Keywords">Sub Communal RISHA is a pilot project from the central government in collaboration with the Surakarta City Government as a solution for structuring slum settlements in Surakarta. The RISHA method facilitates the construction and installation process due to the use of a modular precast system which is also more flexible and efficient both in terms of construction time and the use of construction materials. The purpose of this research is to identify the space adaptation of Sub Communal RISHA based on the behavior of residents. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The research location is in the area of RW 06 Rusunawa Semanggi Surakarta and the time of data collection was carried out in the period May-August 2021. Primary data was taken with several techniques, observation and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) method. The analysis was carried out using data triangulation techniques. The use of this analysis technique aims to combine all data to produce accurate and comprehensive conclusions. The results showed that there are two adaptations carried out by the residents of Sub Communal RISHA, namely adaptation by adjustment and adaptation by reactions.</p>

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