The Creation of Tiquicidad and Theories of National Identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-52
Author(s):  
Liz Harvey-Kattou
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Gayatri Spivak ◽  
Benedict Anderson ◽  
The Creation

This chapter delves into the psyche of Costa Rica’s identity, providing a historical and sociological analysis of the creation of the dominant – tico – identity from 1870 to the present day, framing these around theories of colonial discourse. Considering work by postcolonial scholars such as Benedict Anderson, Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, and Judith Butler, it explores how the discourse of centre and ‘Other’ has been created within the nation. It then provides a historical account of ‘Otherness’ within the nation, detailing the existence and rights won by Afro-Costa Rican, feminist, and LGBTQ+ groups, detailing a framework of hybrid subalternity which will be used to consider the challenges put forward to dominant national identity in chapters two and three.

Postcolonialism in International Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Gayatri Spivak ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

Some of the main genealogies within postcolonial scholarship are discussed, with a focus on key thinkers, such as Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, Aníbal Quijano, and Walter Mignolo. Key concepts, such as colonial discourse theory, development, and subaltern studies are presented. The discussion of postcolonial thought is embedded in a reflection on its relation to other theoretical paradigms and social theories (e.g., poststructuralism, world-system theory, Marxism). This focus seeks to highlight some of the main contours of the field, while also pointing out the ways postcolonialism has shaped the discipline of international relations (IR).

scholarly journals Transforming Tradition: Performances of Jingju (‘Beijing Opera’) in the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHLEY THORPE
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Chinese Theatre ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Chinese Overseas ◽  
Indigenous Organizations ◽  
Beijing Opera ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diasporic Identities

Jingju (‘Beijing opera’) is China's most iconic traditional theatre, marketed as a global signifier of Chinese theatre and national identity. Although troupes from mainland China regularly tour Europe, audiences in the UK have also had access to Jingju via two indigenous organizations: the UK Beijing Opera Society (now defunct) and the London Jing Kun Opera Association (now in its ninth year). These organizations consist of Chinese, overseas Chinese and Western performers performing both Jingju and Kunju (‘Kun opera’). Where there is a mix of ethnicity, can ‘traditional Chinese theatre’ still be conceived of as ‘traditional’? How is Jingju mapped onto non-Chinese bodies? Can Jingju performances by ethnically white performers reflect diasporic identities? Drawing on the theories of Judith Butler and Homi Bhabha, this article argues that by highlighting the performativity of identity, the performance of Jingju by non-Chinese performers challenges the notion of Jingju as a global signifier of ‘authentic traditional Chinese theatre’.

scholarly journals Indigenous Identity through Hybridity and Humor: A Postcolonial Reading of Robert Merritt’s The Cake Man

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Ganjtalab Shad
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Gayatri Spivak ◽  
Central Argument

The major thrust in this research has been in the area of postcolonial studies. As one their primary missions, post-colonial works of art relate stories as seen by the oppressed and the colonized. Beginning with Edward Said’s Orientalism, postcolonial figures as diverse as Franz Fanon, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha emerged and each targeted an aspect of postcolonial conditions. The present article was undertaken to trace postcolonial elements of “colonial negotiations,” and “hybridity” in an Aboriginal play by Robert Merritt entitled The Cake Man. The central argument of this article is that in its anticolonial stance, this play discusses issues of Aboriginal race and identity. To realize this argument, the play is studies with the background of Edward Said and Homi K. Bhabha’s theories. While these two figures are the leading theoreticians of the research, Aboriginal anticolonial strategies, like Aboriginal humor and figurative emasculation, are also pointed out. In fact, the novelty of the study is in its amalgamation of Western theories and Aboiginal strategies. All through the play, history as seen by the oppressed becomes the focal point, making it eligible to be called postcolonial works. Merritt’s The Cake Man, which is a well-known example of forced conversion, contains a very prominent manifestation of Said and Bhabha’s colonial negotiations. In addition, by creating an anticolonial character in the play, Merritt highlights and criticizes colonial Christianity, colonial otherization, and figurative emasculation of Aboriginal men in Australian society. All these issues, as the play leads the audience to believe, contribute to the realization that colonial discourse has the policy of obliterating Aboriginal traditions.

scholarly journals Triste fim de Clarice Lispector ou A paixão segundo Lima Barreto: a linguagem precária de Macabéa e Clara dos Anjos / The sad end of Clarice Lispector or The passion according to Lima Barreto: the precarious language of Macabéa and Clara dos Anjos

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Gabriel Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
Clarice Lispector ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Gayatri Spivak ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Reading Key

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo criar uma leitura comparativa entre os romances Clara dos Anjos, de Lima Barreto, e A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector. Para tanto, a tentativa de elaborar uma linguagem própria será o tema convergente entre as narrativas, a partir das experiências ficcionais de suas protagonistas. Como aparato teórico, a investigação parte de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que percorre a tradição pós-colonial, aqui indicada pelos escritos do filósofo Achille Mbembe, da teórica Gayatri Spivak e do psiquiatra Frantz Fanon. A abordagem requisita também a noção de enquadramento proposta pela filósofa norte-americana Judith Butler, cujas premissas permitem uma melhor discussão em torno do aspecto não-hegemônico dos corpos, chave de leitura fundamental para as personagens estudadas neste trabalho. Sendo assim, tendo como base o método comparativo de análise, o artigo demonstra em que medida a precariedade da linguagem pode ser utilizada como ferramenta na leitura desses dois romances. Com isso, propõe um caminho interpretativo para as duas obras sob uma perspectiva contemporânea, arraigada nos marcadores sociais da diferença e na formação de sociedades coloniais. Palavras-chave: Lima Barreto; Clarice Lispector; literatura brasileira, literatura comparada, teoria pós-colonial.Abstract: This article aims to create a comparative reading between the novels Clara dos Anjos, by Lima Barreto, and A hora da estrela, by Clarice Lispector. Therefore, the attempt to develop an own language will be the converging theme between the narratives, based on the fictional experiences of the protagonists. As a theoretical approach, the investigation starts from a bibliographic research that runs through the post-colonial tradition, here indicated by the writings of the philosopher Achille Mbembe, the theorist Gayatri Spivak and the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon. This approach also requires the notion of framing proposed by the American philosopher Judith Butler, whose ideas allow a better discussion around the non-hegemonic aspect of bodies, an essential reading key for the characters studied in this work.Thus, based on the comparative method of analysis, the article demonstrates the extent to which the precariousness of language can be used as a tool in reading these two novels. It proposes an interpretative possibility for the two works from a contemporary perspective, based on the social markers of difference and the formation of colonial societies.Keywords: Lima Barreto; Clarice Lispector; Brazilian literature; comparative literature, postcolonial theory.

European integration as colonial discourse

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
NECATI POLAT
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
European Nation ◽  
Gayatri Spivak

AbstractA not infrequent musing on the growing European integration is that the process may signal a historic discontinuity with the logic and functioning of the modern state, forming an alternative to the Westphalian order. This article takes issue with this notion, holding that, more accurately, the interaction in Europe between the currents of post-national integration and the nation-state may have reduced the integrated Europe to a mere parody of the nation-state. In articulating this argument, the article draws on the ‘hybrid’ anxiety placed by Homi Bhabha at the heart of the encounter between the coloniser and the colonised – a binary perversely reproduced, the article claims, in the dichotomy between the European integration and the European nation-state. Next, through a discussion of ‘catachresis’ and ‘time-lag’, strategies of reversal introduced by Gayatri Spivak and Bhabha, respectively, the article rehearses ideas as to whether or not something of a post-Westphalian order can still be salvaged from the ongoing process of integration. Throughout, the article seeks to rely on the later Wittgenstein on meaning, especially his privileging of what is conventionally treated as secondary in meaning formation; namely appearances, difference, absence, mimesis, and the burlesque, as opposed to a transcendental essence, presence, or identity.

scholarly journals O Caso Meursault, de Kamel Daoud

Letrônica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e39285
Author(s):  
Cleide Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Sebastião Alves Teixeira Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Albert Camus ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Gayatri Spivak

Este artigo propõe-se à análise do romance O caso Meursault, de Kamel Daoud enquanto apropriação pós-colonial de O estrangeiro, de Albert Camus. O objetivo é investigar como Daoud reconstrói ficcionalmente a identidade árabe invisibilizada na escrita de O estrangeiro. O caso Meursault ressignifica o cânone literário através da reinvindicação da identidade do árabe assassinado. A voz enquanto instância de humanização é negada ao homem assassinado no texto camusiano, enquanto que, Daoud ocupa-se de uma enunciação pós-colonial para conceder-lhe voz, família, história e nome: Moussa. O aporte teórico baseia-se nas noções apresentadas por Homi Bhabha (2014), Edward W. Said (2011), Frantz Fanon (2008), Gayatri Spivak (2010), Daniela Burksdorf (2015) e Ankhi Mukherjee (2014). Conclui-se que a apropriação pós-colonial de Daoud revela uma ruptura com a invisibilidade da personagem árabe de Camus, ao mesmo tempo em que revisita o passado recente de dominação e exploração colonial francesa na Argélia.

Languages, politics and field theory — the question of the autonomy of small literatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Scalbert-Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Benedict Anderson ◽  
The Creation

In Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Benedict Anderson stressed the role that literature, and particularly the development of the novel, actually played in building a nation as an “imagined community.” Others have emphasized how building a national literature has often gone hand in hand with the creation of a national identity (e.g. Thiesse; Jusdanis). All have underlined the strong relationship between nationalism and literature: literature is a concrete tool that builds the nation as a community; literature also serves to build and spread a national identity.

The “Latin” Melting Pot

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-118
Author(s):  
Yuval Tal
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Immigrant Assimilation ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation ◽  
French National Identity ◽  
Nationality Law ◽  
Communal Organization ◽  
Ethnic Origins

Abstract This article explores how, through discussions about immigrant assimilation in fin de siècle Algeria, French republicans contemplated and wrote into law the ethnic traits of French national identity. Republicans assumed that the North Mediterranean immigrants who settled in Algeria shared ethnic origins with French settlers and consequently asserted that France should work to “fuse” the two groups. Assertions about immigrants' ethnicity took different forms. In the colony they appeared either at the margins of colonial administrators' attacks against immigrant communal organization or in literary representations of French-Mediterranean fusion. In the metropole republican legislators portrayed immigrants as innately prone to becoming French and thus supported the 1889 nationality law that naturalized them. The passing of the 1889 law prompted the creation of an explicitly ethnorepublican assimilatory model. The model's proponents combined sociological and eugenicist principles to both socialize immigrants into the nation and promote the transfer of their Mediterranean “vigor” into French bodies. Cet article examine les efforts des intellectuels et des dirigeants républicains pour assimiler les immigrés européens en Algérie à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Il affirme que les identités communautaires et la prépondérance démographique des immigrés ont poussé l'élite républicaine à envisager leur capacité ethnique à s'assimiler à la société française, et montre que l'idée que les Français et les immigrés avaient la même origine ethnique a façonné les débats sur l'assimilation nationale et a influencé la formation des lois républicaines fondamentales. En Algérie, des affirmations à propos de l'identité ethnique des immigrés européens apparaissaient en marge des discussions politiques sur leur organisation communautaire et dans les romans des écrivains algérianistes. En métropole, des législateurs républicains supposaient que la « ressemblance ethnique » entre Français et immigrés assurait l'assimilation rapide de ces derniers et ils ont soutenu la loi de 1889 sur la nationalité qui les a naturalisés. A l'issue de la législation de 1889, une vision de fusionnement des colons français et des membres de la « race méditerranéenne » en Algérie s'est développée. Ses partisans ont combiné des principes sociologiques avec des principes eugéniques dans le but d'incorporer les immigrés européens dans la nation et de faire transporter leur « vigueur » dans les corps des Français.

scholarly journals Een pasgeboren staat, of een recentelijk ontwaakte natie?

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Nele Bemong
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
International Community ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Creation

Between 1830 and 1850, practically out of nowhere there came into beinga truly 'Belgian' literature, written boch in Flemish and in French, but aimedat a single goal: the creation of a Belgian past and the conscruction of aBelgian national identity. The historical novel played a crucial role in thisconscruction and representation of a collective memory for the Belgian statejust out of the cradle. The prefaces to these historical novels are characterizedboth by the central role granted to the representacion of Flanders as the cradleof nineteenth-century Belgium, and by the organically and religiously inspiredimagery. Attempts were made to create an intimate genealogical relationshipwith the forefathers, in order to make the Belgian citizens feel closer to theirrich heritage. Through the activation of specific recollections from theimmense archive of the collective cultural memory, Belgian independencefound its legitimization both towards the international community andtowards the Belgian people.

scholarly journals Embracing the Modern: Edna Cress Staebler at the University of Toronto, 1926-1929

2008 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Alyson E. King
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The University ◽  
Interwar Era

Edna Cress Staebler was a fairly typical young woman when she arrived at the University of Toronto in 1926. While attending the university, she explored the new ideas and norms of the interwar era. This article examines Staebler’s experiences within the context of modernity, the university and the creation of a Canadian nation. Staebler’s university years provided the foundations for her later career as a journalist and author during which she helped to create a modern Canadian national identity.

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