scholarly journals Remote Sensing in Agriculture—Accomplishments, Limitations, and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Khanal ◽  
Kushal KC ◽  
John P. Fulton ◽  
Scott Shearer ◽  
Erdal Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Warning System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Production Stages

Remote sensing (RS) technologies provide a diagnostic tool that can serve as an early warning system, allowing the agricultural community to intervene early on to counter potential problems before they spread widely and negatively impact crop productivity. With the recent advancements in sensor technologies, data management and data analytics, currently, several RS options are available to the agricultural community. However, the agricultural sector is yet to implement RS technologies fully due to knowledge gaps on their sufficiency, appropriateness and techno-economic feasibilities. This study reviewed the literature between 2000 to 2019 that focused on the application of RS technologies in production agriculture, ranging from field preparation, planting, and in-season applications to harvesting, with the objective of contributing to the scientific understanding on the potential for RS technologies to support decision-making within different production stages. We found an increasing trend in the use of RS technologies in agricultural production over the past 20 years, with a sharp increase in applications of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) after 2015. The largest number of scientific papers related to UASs originated from Europe (34%), followed by the United States (20%) and China (11%). Most of the prior RS studies have focused on soil moisture and in-season crop health monitoring, and less in areas such as soil compaction, subsurface drainage, and crop grain quality monitoring. In summary, the literature highlighted that RS technologies can be used to support site-specific management decisions at various stages of crop production, helping to optimize crop production while addressing environmental quality, profitability, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Growing climatic sensitivity of U.S. agriculture linked to technological change and regional specialization

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaat4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Ortiz-Bobea ◽  
Erwin Knippenberg ◽  
Robert G. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Sensitivity

A pressing question for climate change adaptation is whether ongoing transformations of the agricultural sector affect its ability to cope with climatic variations. We examine this question in the United States, where major increases in productivity have fueled most of agricultural production growth over the past half-century. To quantify the evolving climate sensitivity of the sector and identify its sources, we combine state-level measures of agricultural productivity with detailed climate data for 1960–2004. We find that agriculture is growing more sensitive to climate in Midwestern states for two distinct but compounding reasons: a rising climatic sensitivity of nonirrigated cereal and oilseed crops and a growing specialization in crop production. In contrast, other regions specialize in less climate-sensitive production such as irrigated specialty crops or livestock. Results suggest that reducing vulnerability to climate change should consider the role of policies in inducing regional specialization.

scholarly journals BIOBASED ECONOMY AVAILABLE BIOMASS RESOURCES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Zdenek Wegscheider ◽  
Mojmir Sabolovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Biobased Economy

During the past two decades academia, industry and government have aimed more and more their attention to the phenomenon of a biobased economy providing society with non‐food biobased products. Now developing are biomass industries that make an array of commercial products, including fuels, electricity, chemicals, adhesives, lubricants and building materials, as well as new clothing fibers and plastics. Instead of fossil resources “green” biobased economy uses renewable grown or waste biomass. The lead supplying role to the biobased economy is held by a sector of agriculture, above all the crop production. In this manner an effective limitation of food surplus may occur in the EU market and enhance a value added to all vertical industry. Industrial‐scale production of biobased materials in time with consumers’ changing attitudes towards sustainable economic and social development may affect a wide array of consequences which nowadays can be tediously estimated. Food safety along with food security is one of the hottest issues especially in the United States, knowing that human population and biobased economy compete in using and processing a broad range of agricultural crops. An energy analysis aspect of this caloric relationship among agricultural sector on the supply side and human population and biobased economy on the other – demand side is assumed to represent the principal aim of this study. Consequently, there is the need to evaluate whether a quantity of Czech Crop Output Total is possible to nourish the Czech population and whether there is an available caloric surplus suitable as a biomass resource for biobased economy which is actually taking root.

scholarly journals Inspecting the Food–Water Nexus in the Ogallala Aquifer Region Using Satellite Remote Sensing Time Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Yuting Zhou ◽  
Hamed Gholizadeh ◽  
G. Thomas LaVanchy ◽  
Emad Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Sensing Time

Agricultural production in the Great Plains provides a significant amount of food for the United States while contributing greatly to farm income in the region. However, recurrent droughts and expansion of crop production are increasing irrigation demand, leading to extensive pumping and attendant depletion of the Ogallala aquifer. In order to optimize water use, increase the sustainability of agricultural production, and identify best management practices, identification of food–water conflict hotspots in the Ogallala Aquifer Region (OAR) is necessary. We used satellite remote sensing time series of agricultural production (net primary production, NPP) and total water storage (TWS) to identify hotspots of food–water conflicts within the OAR and possible reasons behind these conflicts. Mean annual NPP (2001–2018) maps clearly showed intrusion of high NPP, aided by irrigation, into regions of historically low NPP (due to precipitation and temperature). Intrusion is particularly acute in the northern portion of OAR, where mean annual TWS (2002–2020) is high. The Oklahoma panhandle and Texas showed large decreasing TWS trends, which indicate the negative effects of current water demand for crop production on TWS. Nebraska demonstrated an increasing TWS trend even with a significant increase of NPP. A regional analysis of NPP and TWS can convey important information on current and potential conflicts in the food–water nexus and facilitate sustainable solutions. Methods developed in this study are relevant to other water-constrained agricultural production regions.

Agricultural Perspectives on Hailstorm Severity, Vulnerability, and Risk Messaging in Eastern Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-911
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Childs ◽  
Russ S. Schumacher ◽  
Julie L. Demuth
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Mobile Telephones ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Financial Losses

AbstractEastern Colorado is one of the most active hail regions in the United States, and individual hailstorms routinely surpass millions of dollars in crop loss and physical damage. Fifteen semistructured interviews with eastern Colorado farmers and ranchers were conducted in the summer of 2019 to gauge perceptions of the severity and vulnerability associated with hailstorms, as well as to understand how forecasts and warnings for severe hail are received and acted upon by the agricultural community. Results reveal a correspondence between perceived and observed frequency of hailstorms in eastern Colorado and highlight financial losses from crop destruction as the greatest threat from hailstorms. In contrast to the National Weather Service defining severe hail as at least 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter, the agricultural community conceptualizes hail severity according to impacts and damage. Small hail in large volumes or driven by a strong wind are the most worrisome scenarios for farmers, because small hail can most easily strip crop heads and stalks. Larger hailstones are perceived to pose less of a threat to crops but can produce significant damage to physical equipment and injure livestock. Eastern Colorado farmers and ranchers are avid weather watchers and associate environmental cues with hailstorms in addition to receiving warning messages, primarily via alerts on mobile telephones. Hailstorms elicit feelings of dejection and anxiety in some respondents, whereas others accept hailstorms as part of the job. Increasing awareness of the agricultural perceptions of hailstorms can help the meteorological community direct hail prediction research efforts and improve risk communication to the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Water Savings of Crop Redistribution in the United States

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Davis ◽  
Antonio Seveso ◽  
Maria Rulli ◽  
Paolo D’Odorico
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Demographic growth, changes in diet, and reliance on first-generation biofuels are increasing the human demand for agricultural products, thereby enhancing the human pressure on global freshwater resources. Recent research on the food-water nexus has highlighted how some major agricultural regions of the world lack the water resources required to sustain current growth trends in crop production. To meet the increasing need for agricultural commodities with limited water resources, the water use efficiency of the agricultural sector must be improved. In this regard, recent work indicates that the often overlooked strategy of changing the crop distribution within presently cultivated areas offers promise. Here we investigate the extent to which water in the United States could be saved while improving yields simply by replacing the existing crops with more suitable ones. We propose crop replacement criteria that achieve this goal while preserving crop diversity, economic value, nitrogen fixation, and food protein production. We find that in the United States, these criteria would greatly improve calorie (+46%) and protein (+34%) production and economic value (+208%), with 5% water savings with respect to the present crop distribution. Interestingly, greater water savings could be achieved in water-stressed agricultural regions of the US such as California (56% water savings), and other western states.

scholarly journals Production Efficiency and Total Protein Yield in Quinoa Grown under Water Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Pinto ◽  
Susana Fischer ◽  
Rosemarie Wilckens ◽  
Luis Bustamante ◽  
Marisol T. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Average Efficiency

The increasing water scarcity affects the agricultural sector, and it is a significant constraining factor for crop production in many areas of the world. Water resource management and use related to crop productivity is the most important factor in many crops. Since consumer demands healthy food, the nutritive quality and the active ingredient need to be considered within the productive issue. The objective of this study was to determine water technical efficiency related to seed yield and seed protein content and composition in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under water stress using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study was conducted in Chillan, Chile in two growing seasons. As water availability increased, seed yield, globulin, and albumin yield increased, particularly in the genotype Cahuil. The higher average efficiency levels for the DEA were 46.7% and 39.2% in Cahuil in both seasons at 20% available water (AW). The highest average efficiency of globulin yield was recorded in the same genotype (Cahuil). The highest multi-product technical efficiency levels in all input and output included in this study were observed in Cahuil, Regalona, and Morado under water scarcity in both seasons. In future studies related to crop management, DEA provides a good framework for estimating efficiency under restricted factors and multi-product results.

scholarly journals Estimation of Crop Production and CO2 Fluxes Using Remote Sensing: Application to a Winter Wheat/Sunflower Rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Gaétan Pique ◽  
Taeken Wijmert ◽  
Rémy Fieuzal ◽  
Eric Ceschia
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
The Impact

To meet the incoming growth of the world’s food needs, and the demands of climate change, the agricultural sector will be forced to adapt its practices. To do so, the contribution of agricultural fields to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the impact—on soil, climate and productions—of certain agricultural practices have to be known. In this study, the SAFY-CO2 crop model is driven by remote sensing products in order to estimate CO2 fluxes on the main crop rotation observed in the study area, i.e., winter wheat followed by sunflower. Different modeling scenarios are tested, particularly for intercropping periods, the approach being validated locally, thanks to eddy covariance flux measurements, and then applied regionally. Results showed that the model was able to reproduce crop production with high accuracy (rRMSE of 21% and 24% for winter wheat and sunflower yield, respectively) as well as daily net CO2 flux (RMSE of 1.29 and 0.97 gC.m−2.d−1 for winter wheat and sunflower respectively). Moreover, the tested modeling scenarios highlight the importance of taking the regrowth events into account for assessing accurate carbon budgets. In a perspective of large-scale application, the model was upscaled over more than 100 plots, allowing discussion of the effect of regrowth on carbon uptake.

Analysis of Crop Yield Prediction of Kharif & Rabi Jowar Crops Using Data Mining Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sujata Mulik
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rabi Crops

Agriculture sector in India is facing rigorous problem to maximize crop productivity. More than 60 percent of the crop still depends on climatic factors like rainfall, temperature, humidity. This paper discusses the use of various Data Mining applications in agriculture sector. Data Mining is used to solve various problems in agriculture sector. It can be used it to solve yield prediction.  The problem of yield prediction is a major problem that remains to be solved based on available data. Data mining techniques are the better choices for this purpose. Different Data Mining techniques are used and evaluated in agriculture for estimating the future year's crop production. In this paper we have focused on predicting crop yield productivity of kharif & Rabi Crops. 

Comparative Advantage of Using Biopesticides in Ukrainian Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrat Arjjumend ◽  
Konstantia Koutouki ◽  
Olga Donets
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Irreversible Damage

The use of unsustainable levels of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals has resulted in a steady decline in soil and crop productivity the world over. Soil biology has undergone irreversible damage, coupled with a high concentration of toxic chemical residues in plant tissues and human bodies. Agricultural practices must evolve to sustainably meet the growing global demand for food without irreversibly damaging soil. Microbial biocontrol agents have tremendous potential to bring sustainability to agriculture in a way that is safe for the environment. Biopesticides do not kill non-target insects, and biosafety is ensured because biopesticides act as antidotes and do not lead to chemical contamination in the soil. This article is part of a larger study conducted in Ukraine by researchers at the Université de Montréal with the support of Mitacs and Earth Alive Clean Technologies. The responses of farmers who use biofertilizers (“user farmers”) and those who do not (“non-user farmers”), along with the responses of manufacturers or suppliers of biofertilizers, and research and development (R&D) scientists are captured to demonstrate the advantages of applying microbial biopesticides to field crops. Participants reported a 15-30% increase in yields and crop production after the application of biopesticides. With the use of biopesticides, farmers cultivated better quality fruits, grains, and tubers with a longer shelf life. Moreover, while the risk of crop loss remains high (60-70%) with chemically grown crops, this risk is reduced to 33% on average if crops are grown using biopesticides. The findings indicate that a large proportion of farmers would prefer to use biopesticides if they are effective and high quality products. In this context, the quality and effectiveness of products is therefore very important. Despite their benefits to soil, human health, and ecosystems, biopesticides face significant challenges and competition vis-à-vis synthetic pesticides for a variety of reasons. Therefore, the development of biopesticides must overcome the problems of poor quality products, short shelf life, delayed action, high market costs, and legal/registration issues.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

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