scholarly journals Investigating the driver’s response time at signalized intersections

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Çalişkanelli ◽  
Serhan Tanyel
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Saturation Flow ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Key Parameter

It is generally accepted that, behavioural variables may show differences in different countries, and sometimes in different regions depending on cultural and other socio-economic factors. In literature, several researchers have emphasized that performance of signalized intersections is highly related with drivers’ behaviour. However, only a few parameters can be used to reflect drivers’ behaviour in performance analysis. Start response time is used as a key parameter in calibration of analytical and simulation models. In this study, a detailed analysis is conducted on the variability of start response time with respect to parameters like those that manoeuvre type, cycle time, gender of drivers’, etc. by using data obtained from signalized intersections in İzmir, Turkey. Analysis showed that left and right turning drivers have slightly shorter start response times than all through passing vehicles. In addition, the effect of start response time on base saturation flow is discussed.

scholarly journals Start-up Lost Time and its Effect on Signalized Intersections in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pelin Çalışkanelli ◽  
Figen Coşkun Atasever ◽  
Serhan Tanyel
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Lost Time ◽  
Saturation Flow ◽  
The Relationship

Start-up lost time is an important parameter in performance of signalized intersections which may in turn depict the effect of behaviour of different drivers for different countries. In this study the parameters affecting the startup lost time in Turkey will be defined and a model will be established to present the relationship between start-up lost time, saturation flow as well as start response time with the behaviour of Turkish drivers. For this purpose, observations were carried out at eight intersections in Turkey. Analyses have shown that saturation headways decrease with the increase in time in start response since the drivers in the 2nd and higher rows of a queue have a longer time to get prepared to discharge. Results also indicated that start-up lost time increases rapidly as cycle time increases, and lower start-up lost time values can be observed in left or right turning lanes.

scholarly journals Effect of Hierarchical Parish System on Portuguese Housing Rents

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Sofia Vale ◽  
Felipa de Mello-Sampayo
Keyword(s):  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Distance Effect ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Space Pattern ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Parish System ◽  
Rental Housing Market ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This manuscript analyzes an inter-parish housing rents gradient with respect to surrounding parishes. Using data on housing rents for 4049 Portuguese parishes in 278 municipalities, the paper explores the spatial patterns of housing rents using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) methodology. The housing rents can be explained by socio-economic factors comprising the effects of unemployment, sustainability, social diversity, elderly dependency, and population density. The proportion of overcrowded dwellings reflecting how poor living conditions affect housing rents was also included in the spatial analysis. On the structural side, characteristics of the dwellings were also included such as the area of the home and the number of other homes available in the parishes. Locational factors reflect households’ valuation for access to other parishes. In order to capture location characteristics, besides considering mobility within municipalities, the GWR allowed using distances to nearby parishes, i.e., parish hierarchy distance effect. The results suggest that the Portuguese rental housing market exhibits a heterogeneous pattern across the territory, displaying spatial variability and a hierarchical space pattern as a consequence of its locational attributes.

Effect of Pedestrians on Capacity of Signalized Intersections

1998 ◽  
Vol 1646 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Milazzo ◽  
Nagui M. Rouphail ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
D. Patrick Allen
Keyword(s):  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Flow Adjustment ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Saturation Flow ◽  
Green Period

In Chapter 9 of the 1994 update to the 1985 Highway Capacity Manual, the operational and planning analysis of signalized intersections is discussed. The methodology for saturation flow rate estimation does not consider all elements of the interaction between pedestrians and turning vehicles. This study describes this interaction for left and right turns using a conflict-zone-occupancy approach. A conflict zone is a portion of an intersection, typically in the crosswalk, in which pedestrians and vehicles compete for space. Conflict-zone occupancy, defined as the fraction of the effective green period during which pedestrians occupy a conflict zone, provides the basis for a rational adjustment to saturation flow. This study details the results of a multiregional data collection effort that confirms the validity of the conflict-zone-occupancy approach. In addition, this study describes the effect of geometric constraints, as reflected in the number of receiving lanes versus the number of turning lanes, on turning-vehicle saturation flow. After consideration of signalized intersection phasing and turn protection, one can calculate saturation flow adjustment factors reflecting the effect of pedestrians on lane groups containing vehicles turning left ( fLpb) or right ( fRpb).

How Much of Electoral Politics Is in the District? Measuring District Effects on Party Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Marc André Bodet ◽  
Joanie Bouchard ◽  
Melanee Thomas ◽  
Charles Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Party Support ◽  
Party Vote Shares ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract The electoral district is the fundamental unit of representation in single- and multi-member electoral systems, yet most research shows little interest in district effects on election outcomes, focusing instead on national and individual factors. This is problematic as parties and candidates often put a great deal of effort into district-based campaigns. How, then, can we best capture district effects on party support? We propose a new method using official election returns and geospatial techniques. The result is a measure of how much of a party's vote share is explained by district effects. Using data from the 2006–2019 Canadian federal elections, we find that, on average, 6 to 10 per cent of the variation in a party's vote in Canada is explained by district effects. While district effects on party support are trivial for some districts, in others they account for more than 80 per cent of the variance in party vote shares. The effect of districts on party support is composed, in part, of electoral context, province, socio-economic factors and district campaign intensity. Importantly, the size and sources of district effects on party support vary across parties, suggesting heterogeneity. The benefits of our approach are threefold: (1) it is cost-effective, (2) it can be easily replicated in any setting—past or present—where districts are relevant electoral units and where districting is nonpartisan, and (3) it is responsive to differences in district composition and parties’ campaign effort.

INFANTILE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA I. INCIDENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
MEYER A. PERLSTEIN ◽  
PHILIP N. HOOD
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Spastic Hemiplegia ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Clinical Correlations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The following facts seem to emerge concerning the nature and clinical correlations of various factors in the infantile spastic hemiplegic population. A. The mean age for this series at the time of first examination was 6.5 years; means are consistent between large groupings where comparisons were made. B. There were more right than left spastic hemiplegics (5:4). C. Spastic hemiplegia occurred more often in males than in females (5:4). D. The Negro subjects were distributed fairly randomly through the present spastic hemiplegic population; the nonsignificant differences in distribution which occurred were thought to be related to geographical and socio-economic factors and not to race, per se. E. The incidence of postnatally acquired cases was approximately ⅓ of the spastic hemiplegic series as compared to 1/10 of the total cerebral palsied population. F. The incidence of convulsions in this series was significantly higher than that reported for the general population, for all types of brain injury, for mixed spastic groups, and for most other series of spastic hemiplegics. G. Congenital and postnatally acquired cases, convulsive and non-convulsive cases, and males and females were all distributed randomly between the left and right spastic hemiplegics of this series. H. Congenital and postnatally acquired cases, as well as convulsive and non-convulsive cases, were distributed at random between the males and females of this series. I. The postnatally acquired cases of spastic hemiplegia showed a significantly greater incidence of convulsions than the congenital group.

DINAMIKA KELOMPOK TANI ANUGERAH MOLLO DI DESA NETPALA KECAMATAN MOLLO UTARA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Tanggu Dedo Yeremias ◽  
Ernantje Hendrik ◽  
Ignatius Sinu
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
South Central ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ABSTRACT This research has been carried out in the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group, in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, starting in March - April 2019. This study aims to determine: (1) The dynamic level of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, (2) Relationship between Socio-economic factors of farmer group members and the level of dynamics of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency. Determination of the location of the study carried out intentionally (purposive sampling) The type of data collected is primary data obtained from direct interviews with respondents guided by the questionnaire, while secondary data is obtained from the relevant agencies. To find out the first purpose of the data analyzed using a Likert scale, to find out the second purpose of the data analyzed using the Sperman Rank statistical Nonparametric test. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The level of dynamism of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, is in the very dynamic category of 84%, (2) The relationship of socio-economic factors is only one of the five variables that are significantly related namely land area with a coefficient of rs 0.278 and t = 1.782 count greater than t table 1.699 (p> 0.05), while other social factors such as age, formal education, number of family dependents, and experience of farming show no significant relationship with the level of dynamism of Anugerah Mollo Farmers Group in Netpala Village.

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