scholarly journals PUBLIC DEMAND FOR ECO-EFFICIENT CONCEPTS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT / VISUOMENINĖ EKOLOGIŠKAI EFEKTYVIŲ KONCEPCIJŲ PAKLAUSA MIESTŲ PLĖTROS KONTEKSTE

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Junnila ◽  
Miro Ristimäki
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Integrated Design Process

Global warming has brought new challenges to urban development worldwide. Built environment and cities are estimated to cause some 40-70% of the environmental impacts. This questions our current urban development practises and challenges us to find new solutions to manage the issues. The purpose of this study is to identify feasible eco-efficient concepts that can be implemented in the urban development process. These concepts are identified with a constructive research method, where potential concepts are originally identified from literature and further enhanced with thematic expert interviews, and finally, the suggested concepts are tested with a questionnaire and presented in an integrated framework for the eco-efficient concepts to better understand the requirements and opportunities in public urban development. The results showed that the urban development concepts that were most appealing to public stake holders were; an integrated design process, eco-efficient traffic and transportation solutions, and eco-efficient complementary development. Local energy procurement and management was also perceived as relatively lucrative services when developing eco-efficient urban areas. This study provides an extensive information platform (different ideas, themes, and concepts) to promote eco-efficiency in urban development in order to maintain and improve the sustainable quality of life and welfare in our urban society. Santrauka Pasaulinis atšilimas miestų plėtrai visame pasaulyje atnešė naujų iššūkių. Skaičiuojama, kad statiniai, jų aplinka ir miestai atsako už maždaug 40–70 proc. poveikio aplinkai. Tai verčia abejoti esama miestų plėtros praktika ir ragina ieškoti naujų sprendimų, kaip spręsti šias problemas. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti įmanomas ekologiškai veiksmingas koncepcijas, kurias galima įdiegti vykstant miestų plėtros procesui. Koncepcijos nustatomos taikant konstruktyvaus tyrimo metodą, kurio metu potencialios koncepcijos randamos literatūroje, vėliau patobulinamos atliekant teminius pokalbius su ekspertais, o paskui pasiūlytos koncepcijos patikrinamos pagal anketą ir įtraukiamos į integruotą ekologiškai efektyvių koncepcijų sistemą, kuri leidžia geriau suprasti visuomeninės miestų plėtros reikalavimus ir galimybes. Rezultatai parodė, kad suinteresuotoms visuomenės grupėms patraukliausios buvo šios miestų plėtros koncepcijos: integruotas projektavimo procesas, ekologiškai efektyvūs eismo ir transporto sprendimai, ekologiškai veiksmingas papildomų erdvių ir patalpų vystymas. Vystant ekologiškai efektyvias miesto zonas, vietinis energijos pirkimas ir valdymas taip pat laikomi gana pelningomis paslaugomis. Šiame tyrime pateikiama išsami informacijos platforma (įvairios idėjos, temos ir koncepcijos), skatinanti ekologiškai efektyvią miestų plėtrą, idant urbanizuota visuomenė palaikytų ir gerintų darnią gyvenimo kokybę bei gerovę.

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION AS AN EARLY INTERVENTION OR LATE VERIFICATION IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: SAME PERFORMANCE OUTCOME BUT DIFFERENT DESIGN SOLUTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohuan Xie ◽  
Zhonghua Gou
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Building Performance Simulation ◽  
Integrated Design Process

INTRODUCTION Current green building practice has been largely advanced by an integrated design process. This integrated design process involves multiple disciplines, such as architecture, civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering. The design method heavily relies on utilizing building performance simulation to illustrate how design parameters affect the energy consumption and quality of the indoor environment before actual design decisions are made (Anderson, 2014). The architectural design tools in the integrated design process supersede traditional geometrical exploration instruments, such as Sketchup, Revit, ArchiCad, and Rhino (Negendahl, 2015). More building performance simulating tools, such as Ecotect, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Radiance, and EnergyPlus, have been developed to help architects measure building performance (e.g., natural ventilation, daylighting, solar radiation, and energy uses) in the design process and attain green building standards such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). The information presented by these tools guide architects at a certain level in achieving green building goals. However, building simulation is generally beyond the architect's knowledge domain. Many architects have difficulty in understanding these technical terms and models, as well as their design implications. Therefore, specific consultants have emerged to help architects grasp the meanings of these numbers and models, which require architects to implement a high level of design collaboration and coordination (Aksamija, 2015; Gou & Lau, 2014). Simulation consultants can work in parallel with architects at the early design stage to intervene in the conceptual and schematic design; they may also work behind architects to verify the building performance after the design is finished and make their design green through technical alterations. Most existing literature argues for an early intervention of building performance simulation in the architectural design process and explores different algorithms or models for optimal intervention (Degens, Scholzen, & Odenbreit, 2015; Sick, Schade, Mourtada, Uh, & Grausam, 2014; Svetlana Olbina & Yvan Beliveau, 2007). However, the difference between early intervention and late verification is often not investigated. Few qualitative studies can help understand how the building performance simulation is actually implemented, and how it influences the quality of design solutions in addition to the quantity of performance outcomes. The current research presents two case studies that compare building performance simulation as an early intervention and a late verification tool in the architectural design process, which contextualizes the building simulation research in real building practices.

THE ALGORITHM OF ASSESSMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOSPHERIC COMPATIBILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vladimirovna BAKAEVA ◽  
Irina Victorovna CHERNYAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The City

In order to create an environment favorable for human development and preservation of the natural environment of the city by means of architecture and urban planning, the need for theoretical justifi cation of urban planning and urban development practices, taking into account the new requirements for the mechanisms of formation of the urban environment. Based on the fundamental principles of the concept of biosphere compatibility, an algorithm for assessing urban development was developed, criteria and indicators for assessing the quality of the urban environment were determined. Using the developed algorithm, the analysis of the feasibility of the principles of biosphere compatibility in urban development of the city of Orel. It is concluded that it is necessary to create an innovative system of employment and strategic planning for the development of urban areas on the principles of biosphere compatibility.

Urban development and health inequalities

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (59_suppl) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Mark McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
The Life Course

Urban development has historically been seen as both a cause and solution for social inequalities in health. However, environmental and individual gradients within urban areas occur everywhere, and are resistant to change. Environments are infl uenced by the degree and type of industrialization, quality of housing, accessibility to green space and - of increasing concern - transport. Individual behaviour, however, also contributes to social differences, both through migration and by the effects on individuals of cultural experiences through the life-course. Reduction on inequalities may be possible through larger social action, for example urban regeneration. There remains an important role for public health in addressing determinants of health at the population level.

scholarly journals MODERN URBAN DEVELOPMENT, ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LEGAL STANDARDS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF R. P. KOLTSOVO, NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Anastasia E. Pryadko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Powerful Mechanism

The work is devoted to the study of the role and content of urban planning regulations in the development process of large cities, the main purpose of which is to significantly improve the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the regulation is a powerful mechanism of an integrated nature, capable of solving legal, social and other tasks.

scholarly journals Riscos e vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana: uma perspectiva a partir dos recursos hídricos

GeoTextos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Mendonça ◽  
Sanderson Alberto Medeiros Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
Present Text

A intensificação da urbanização na ultima etapa da modernidade gerou inúmeros problemas relacionados à qualidade e condições de vida humana nas cidades. No âmbito dos países não desenvolvidos estes problemas tomam maior magnitude que nos desenvolvidos, gerando consideráveis desafios à gestão socioambiental das áreas urbanas. O problema da qualidade da água e da gestão dos recursos hídricos aparece como um dos mais graves da sociedade contemporânea, notadamente em países como o Brasil, cujos rios urbanos encontram- se altamente degradados em sua grande maioria. A associação entre os perigos, os riscos e a vulnerabilidade socioambiental, quando enfocados na perspectiva da interação entre os recursos hídricos e a sociedade urbana, torna-se muito importante, constituindo-se no enfoque central do presente texto. Nesse contexto, a questão da escassez de água no ambiente urbano brasileiro é abordada e a problemática é explorada. Abstract URBAN SOCIOENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND VULNERABILITY: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE WATER The intensification of the urbanization on the Modernity generated innumerable problems related to the quality and conditions of human life in the cities. Concerning the undeveloped countries these problems take greater magnitude that in the developed ones, generating considerable challenges to the socioenvironmental management of the urban areas. The problem of the quality of the water and the management of the hydrical resources appears as one of the most serious of the contemporary society, notably in countries as Brazil, whose urban rivers are highly degradeted. The association between the dangers, risks and socioenvironmental vulnerability, focused in the perspective of the interaction between the hydrical resources and the urban society, becomes very important, consisting the central approach of the present text. In this context, the question of the water scarcity in the Brazilian urban environment is analised and the problematic one is explored.

scholarly journals Developing a Criteria Framework for Evaluation of the Urban Development Plans in Iran: Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Action

2015 ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki ◽  
Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Development Plans

This article discusses the conceptual requirements in preparing an evaluation framework for the urban development plans in Iran as well as modifies the evaluation criteria proposed in previous studies. Although applying a highly refined evaluation framework for assessing the quality of urban development plans can increase the efficiency of the development process, employing an unmodified framework in a specific urban context may negatively affect the development process because of exclusive conditions. An evaluation framework based on the worldwide experiences cannot normally be employed in the evaluation of the urban development plans of Iran. Hence, this research contributes to the advancement of a more adaptable evaluation framework for evaluation in four parts. These parts include (i) the examination of the urban development process of Iran; (ii) the extraction of a general evaluation framework from different studies and worldwide experiences; (iii) the analysis of the effective elements for the urban development plans of Iran through SWOT analysis; and (iv) the generation of an evaluation framework based on a preliminary analysis of the specific situation of the urban development plans of Iran.

scholarly journals Urbanization and urban planning at the European semi-periphery: Unintended gender consequences

Sociologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pajvancic-Cizelj ◽  
Marina Hjuson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

This paper aims to answer two main questions: 1. what is the relation between urbanization, gender regimes and everyday lives of women at the European semiperiphery and 2. what is the role of urban planning in shaping gender relevant social changes? The authors present an historical overview of intersections between urbanization, planning and gender regimes, from socialist to present neoliberal conditions, the overview of gender aspects of everyday urban life and also engage with analysis of challenges of gender sensitive planning and development at the European semiperiphery. The analysis is mostly based on the case of Serbia and ex-Yugoslav region and has three main objectives: to define key challenges for engendering urban development and planning in the semiperiphery, to map out the ?knowledge gaps?, and to suggest guidelines for further research. In conclusion the authors state that urbanization at the semiperiphery on the one hand opens new opportunities for women, but also poses new challenges that make gender sensitive to urban planning very relevant for the quality of life of both genders. The ?gender and social double blindness? of urban planning and neoliberal urban development model at the European semiperiphery, are seen both as one of the key challenges to gender equality, as well as one of the consequences of their semiperipherial position.

scholarly journals Forests as the key component of green belts surrounding urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepańska ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Green Belts

The development of Polish cities leads to the urbanization of the surrounding rural areas. This process induces changes in the land-use structure, which is manifested by the expansion of urbanized and developed areas at the expense of open areas. The National Urban Development Plan until 2030 has introduced the concept of obligatory green belts around metropolitan and regional hubs to prevent uncontrolled suburbanization and to promote rational urban development. Green belts are protective areas that serve numerous functions, increase the quality of life and promote the ecological cohesion of space. Green belts limit urban sprawl and maintain urban open spaces that are accessible to city residents for recreational purposes. They also contribute to the local climate and act as sanitary cordons. The main components of green belts are green spaces, river valleys and forests. Therefore, the size as well as the distribution of forests around urban centers are important considerations. This study analyzes the distribution and spatial continuity of forests and the spatial relationships (spatial autocorrelations) between the forests situated in the rural suburbia of Olsztyn in north-eastern Poland. Suburban municipalities were analyzed at the level of cadastral districts (villages). The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the spatial continuity of forests by grouping similar objects and identifying areas which could be included in green belts. The location quotient (LQ) and Gini’s coefficient were taken into account in the analysis of the spatial distribution of forests. Local Moran’s statistics were calculated and spatial clusters were identified to illustrate the diversity of the examined suburban space based on the similarity of the neighboring objects (cadastral districts) and to determine the statistical significance of these relationships. The results of the study reveal spatial irregularities and disproportions in the distribution of forests in the suburban zone of Olsztyn as well as the presence of local instabilities and discontinuities. The applied methods are a useful tool for evaluating, planning and optimizing the spatial distribution of forests around large urban centers. Spatial management solutions in the suburban zone should aim to eliminate spatial discontinuities and improve the quality of life of the local communities.

scholarly journals Towards Evaluation the Cornerstone of Smart City Development: Case Study in Dalat City, Vietnam

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoa Hoang Viet Bach ◽  
Sung-Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Adaptive Model ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

Over the past decade, the process of urbanization in Vietnam has taken place rapidly, leading to strong social disturbances and causing cities to face many problems. All these challenges have put pressure on urban planning and governance to make adjustments to allow cities to become livable. Moreover, the quality of urbanization is reflected not only in growth but also in harmonious development in all aspects. The urban development process must accordingly be handled by more smart solutions. Smart city development is becoming a trend not only in urban areas all over the world but also in Vietnam. The paper aims to assess the initial phases of the smart city development process in Dalat City. It first evaluated a four-dimensional smart city’s strategic elements of city vision and transformation known as Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats. Then, based on these analytical characteristics, an adaptive model for development is suggested. This paper extends the previous research on smart cities and draws attention to further study on smart city development in Vietnam.

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