scholarly journals ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT PRIORITY MEASURES AT SIGNAL CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Vytautas Dumbliauskas ◽  
Vytautas Grigonis ◽  
Jūratė Vitkienė
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Graphical Programming ◽  
Traffic Delays ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Signal ◽  
Programming Interface

Most of the Lithuanian cities try to achieve public transport priority by the provision of special dedicated public transport lanes. However, the possible priority measures at signalised intersections receive less attention. This paper explains common signal control strategies applied at isolated intersections in the cities around the world and estimated their effects on the travel times of both, public transport and general traffic. The analysis employs well recognised PTV VISSIM simulation environment and VisVAP graphical programming interface to implement and test priority measures under question. The results indicate that priority actions significantly reduce public transport delays up to 60%, without high adverse impact on general traffic delays.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of Traffic Signal Timing for Oversaturated Intersection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Lijie Yu ◽  
Siran Tao ◽  
Kuanmin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Traffic Signal Timing

For the purpose of improving the efficiency of traffic signal control for isolate intersection under oversaturated conditions, a multi-objective optimization algorithm for traffic signal control is proposed. Throughput maximum and average queue ratio minimum are selected as the optimization objectives of the traffic signal control under oversaturated condition. A simulation environment using VISSIM SCAPI was utilized to evaluate the convergence and the optimization results under various settings and traffic conditions. It is written by C++/CRL to connect the simulation software VISSIM and the proposed algorithm. The simulation results indicated that the signal timing plan generated by the proposed algorithm has good efficiency in managing the traffic flow at oversaturated intersection than the commonly utilized signal timing optimization software Synchro. The update frequency applied in the simulation environment was 120 s, and it can meet the requirements of signal timing plan update in real filed. Thus, the proposed algorithm has the capability of searching Pareto front of the multi-objective problem domain under both normal condition and over-saturated condition.

scholarly journals Positive impact of international companies on development of knowledge economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
International Companies

In recent years, all economically developed countries of the world experience formation of knowledge economy as the highest stage of postindustrial economy development. International companies, basing their activity on accumulation of human capital according to the principles of innovativeness, scientific nature, continuity and progressiveness, play an important role in activation of this process. Owing to global nature of their activity it influences all spheres of human life in the world, improving it, as well as having an adverse impact (enhancement of poverty in some regions of the word, environment pollution, etc.). Achievement of these conditions of sustainable economic growth is possible just by the way of prevention of the adverse impact, which, among other things, depends on the active social position of the management of international companies. Therefore this paper is aimed at identification of priority focuses of socially responsible activity of international companies. This goal was achieved through generalization of basic program initiatives of the activity of three companies, leading in innovations (Apple, Samsung and IBM). Adoption of the above-mentioned initiatives by other companies of the world as guides while developing their own development strategy has to facilitate the growth of positive effects from enhancement of knowledge economy in the world.

scholarly journals Challenges of Urban Transport in the Face of Studentification – A Case Study of Toruń

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wylon ◽  
Agnieszka Kempa ◽  
Alicja Słowy ◽  
Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Dimensions

Summary Subject and purpose of work: Urban transport is a key element of the functioning of urban agglomerations around the world. As it is of strategic importance, the needs of its users have to be diagnosed. Due to the fact that students are the most numerous social group using public transport, particular attention should be paid to students as the real creators of the needs of urban transport. The paper aims to diagnose the challenges in urban transport shaped by the process of studentification based on the case study of Toruń. Materials and methods: The multi-stage research approach was adopted, among others a survey among students. The choice of the research area was determined by the fact that Toruń is one of the largest academic centres in Poland. Results: Toruń is experiencing the effects of the studentification process in different dimensions, including the spatial and transport facets. Conclusions: The majority of students use public transport, daily or several times a week. The most preferred means of transport is the tram owing to its relative speed and punctuality.

scholarly journals Malaria: Trend of Burden and Impact of Control Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nnamonu ◽  
Pamela Amarachi Ndukwe-Ani ◽  
Cyril Ali Imakwu ◽  
Clara Ifeoma Okenyi ◽  
Felix Joel Ugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Malaria Mortality ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Giant Leap

Since antiquity, malaria had plagued humans claiming millions of lives annually around the world. In addition to its health toll, billions of dollars are lost every year to the exorbitant cost of treatment, premature death, loss of opportunities, capital intensive public health and government interventions to curb the menace. This had intensified global malaria eradication efforts over the last few decades leading to the successful elimination of the disease from most developed countries drastically reducing global malaria mortality to hundreds of thousands yearly. Still, developing countries of the world especially those in tropical Africa remain the worst hit and children are the most vulnerable group generally accounting for > 50% of all malaria mortality. The world actually experienced a giant leap forward between 2000 and 2015 when global malaria mortality rate declined by a remarkable 25% and by a significant 69% in children less than five. Also, during this period a staggering 70% of malaria cases were averted due to strengthened malaria intervention. Some of this step forward was also attributed to increasing urbanization and overall economic development across the nation’s leading to improved housing and nutrition. However, years later, progress has been relatively slower and seemed to have stalled. Nonetheless, the impacts of control strategies have saved millions of lives universally. But to save more lives and eliminate malaria from highest risk countries like in tropical Africa, more efforts are required at both international and national capacity through the funding of research and malaria projects, effective surveillance and response, strengthened health system and mosquito vector control strategies, and development of new, improved antimalarial intervention tools like diagnostics, prophylactics, therapeutics and vaccines. Also, the role of human activity and lifestyle in the fight against malaria cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: Analyzing of different pandemic control strategies using saturation models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bracke ◽  
Lars Grams
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Saturation Effect ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Spreading Behavior ◽  
Medical Prevention ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Short Time

Since December 2019, the world is confronted with the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19. At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic evolved into a pandemic, which continues to this day. Within many countries, several control strategies or combinations of them, like restrictions (e.g. lockdown actions), medical care (e.g. development of vaccine or medicaments) and medical prevention (e.g. hygiene concept), were established with the goal to control the pandemic. Depending on the chosen control strategy, the COVID-19 spreading behavior slowed down or approximately stopped for a defined time range. This phenomenon is called saturation effect and can be described by saturation models: E.g. a fundamental approach is Verhulst (1838). The model parameter allows the interpretation of the spreading speed (growth) and the saturation effect in a sound way. This paper shows results of a research study of the COVID-19 spreading behavior and saturation effects depending on different pandemic control strategies in different countries and time phases based on Johns Hopkins University data base (2020). The study contains the analyzing of saturation effects related to short time periods, e.g. possible caused by lockdown strategies, geographical influences and medical prevention activities. The research study is focusing on reference countries like Germany, Japan, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland and Israel.

scholarly journals Public transport payment systems: market survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Yrgyzbaykyzy Zhubatkhan ◽  
Aigerim Mussina ◽  
Sanzhar Serikovich Aubakirov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The World

In our research work, we study transport card security issues. One of the questions of our study is its relevance in the world and particular in Kazakhstan. Therefore, in this work, we conducted research on the market of transport cards in the world and Kazakhstan. As part of the study, we searched for answers to the following questions: what technologies are used to accept payment by transport cards, in which countries the electronic ticketing system has been introduced, in which cities of Kazakhstan have electronic ticketing systems been implemented, what technologies are used in Kazakhstan. As a result, we showed that the popularity of using NFC payment in the world and in Kazakhstan is growing. We also analyzed the existing electronic ticketing systems in Kazakhstan, made a comparative analysis and got a comparative table.

The environmental, economic and societal consequences of inadequate nitrogen pollution controls

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
C.W. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Full Cost ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Nutrient Control ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small Increments ◽  
Adequate Nutrient ◽  
Do So

Because adequate nutrient controls were not established in the USA and other countries when there were past opportunities to do so, nutrient pollution of estuaries and coastal waters has resulted in the impairment of ecosystems and major reductions or collapse of fisheries at numerous sites around the world, resulting in major economic and societal impacts. The root problem is that political policies and processes have permitted municipalities, developers, industries and farmers to expand and operate without paying the full cost of their activities. Their expanded activities have occurred at the expense and displacement of those who rely on the productivity and recreational value of our estuarine and coastal waters. Some governments have developed remedial nutrient control programs, but most of them have been poorly conceived, under funded and inadequately enforced, resulting in small increments of progress that tend to be lost because of inadequate land use and immigration controls. It is proposed that establishment of comprehensive nutrient controls is needed throughout the world to preserve and protect estuarine and coastal waters, and to protect or re-establish fisheries, for both economic and societal stability. Nitrogen is the key nutrient for the establishment of control strategies. It is recommended that nutrient recovery from wastewaters and controlled reuse of both water and nutrients be widely implemented as a part of nutrient control strategies.

scholarly journals Information as the First Attribute of Accessibility: A Method for Assessing the Information Provided by Urban Rail Systems to Tourists with Reduced Mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10185
Author(s):  
Amanda Fernandes Ferreira ◽  
Yuka Akasaka ◽  
Mirian Greiner de Oliveira Pinheiro ◽  
S. K. Jason Chang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Reduced Mobility

It is estimated that more than one billion people worldwide have some form of disability, and that number is expected to rise as the population ages. A lack of accessible transport can represent a challenge to commuting citizens and it can also inhibit tourists with reduced mobility. Online information about accessibility is the first point of contact that tourists have with their destination and it should therefore be considered an attribute of accessibility. In that context, this paper aims to: (a) propose a method for classifying the information about accessibility provided by the official websites of public transport systems; and (b) present and discuss the results of the application of the method to the official websites of 212 urban rail systems around the world. The results suggest that, despite it being the first indication of destination accessibility, many cities do not provide or provide unclear or insufficient information for tourists with reduced mobility on their official websites. Moreover, few official websites provide information on accessibility around stations or in the case of transfers. This novel method proved to be suitable for classifying the websites, as well as identifying aspects of the information provision that can be improved.

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