Challenges, Opportunities and Barriers to Sustainable Transport Development in Functional Urban Areas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Wolny ◽  
Marek Ogryzek ◽  
Ryszard Zróbek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Main Determinants

The process of identifying urban areas in OECD countries uses population density to identify urban cores, and travel-to-work flows to identify the hinterlands as the “worker catchment area” of the urban labour market, outside the densely inhabited core. As the travel-to-work analysis seems to be an important issue for creating coherent functional urban areas, the main determinants of daily commuting in a sub-regional scale should be investigated. There is a common opinion, that residents of the suburbs are bound to use individual forms of transportation, and public transport does not meet their needs. That is why the aim of this research is to identify the main challenges, opportunities and barriers to sustainable transport development in functional urban areas, in order to avoid the adverse effects of urbanisation. For the purpose of the article, a comparative analysis for selected Polish functional urban areas was conducted, and both shortterm and long-term prospects of transport development are depicted. The article includes statistical, spatial and descriptive analyses based on Central Statistical Office data, Regional Operational Programmes for 2014–2020, made for the Polish provinces, as well as selected development strategies, due to inter-municipal cooperation within delimited functional urban areas. As a result, on the basis of the compared and transformed information, the sustainable development scenarios for a selected functional urban area are built.

scholarly journals Detecting the Responses of CO2 Column Abundances to Anthropogenic Emissions from Satellite Observations of GOSAT and OCO-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3524
Author(s):  
Mengya Sheng ◽  
Liping Lei ◽  
Zhao-Cheng Zeng ◽  
Weiqiang Rao ◽  
Shaoqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2

The continuing increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions significantly contributes to climate change driven by global warming. Satellite measurements of long-term CO2 data with global coverage improve our understanding of global carbon cycles. However, the sensitivity of the space-borne measurements to anthropogenic emissions on a regional scale is less explored because of data sparsity in space and time caused by impacts from geophysical factors such as aerosols and clouds. Here, we used global land mapping column averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) data (Mapping-XCO2), generated from a spatio-temporal geostatistical method using GOSAT and OCO-2 observations from April 2009 to December 2020, to investigate the responses of XCO2 to anthropogenic emissions at both global and regional scales. Our results show that the long-term trend of global XCO2 growth rate from Mapping-XCO2, which is consistent with that from ground observations, shows interannual variations caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The spatial distributions of XCO2 anomalies, derived from removing background from the Mapping-XCO2 data, reveal XCO2 enhancements of about 1.5–3.5 ppm due to anthropogenic emissions and seasonal biomass burning in the wintertime. Furthermore, a clustering analysis applied to seasonal XCO2 clearly reveals the spatial patterns of atmospheric transport and terrestrial biosphere CO2 fluxes, which help better understand and analyze regional XCO2 changes that are associated with atmospheric transport. To quantify regional anomalies of CO2 emissions, we selected three representative urban agglomerations as our study areas, including the Beijing-Tian-Hebei region (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations (YRD), and the high-density urban areas in the eastern USA (EUSA). The results show that the XCO2 anomalies in winter well capture the several-ppm enhancement due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. For BTH, YRD, and EUSA, regional positive anomalies of 2.47 ± 0.37 ppm, 2.20 ± 0.36 ppm, and 1.38 ± 0.33 ppm, respectively, can be detected during winter months from 2009 to 2020. These anomalies are slightly higher than model simulations from CarbonTracker-CO2. In addition, we compared the variations in regional XCO2 anomalies and NO2 columns during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic from January to March 2020. Interestingly, the results demonstrate that the variations of XCO2 anomalies have a positive correlation with the decline of NO2 columns during this period. These correlations, moreover, are associated with the features of emitting sources. These results suggest that we can use simultaneously observed NO2, because of its high detectivity and co-emission with CO2, to assist the analysis and verification of CO2 emissions in future studies.

scholarly journals MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Joanna Stanisławska ◽  
Andrzej Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The aim of the study was to compare the housing conditions of the population living in rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska province communes. The multidimensional assessment of housing conditions was carried out using the TOPSIS method. The research drew on 2016 data published by the Central Statistical Office in the Local Data Bank. The housing conditions in rural areas of the Wielkopolska province were found to be significantly worse than in urban areas. Over 38% of all examined urban areas and only 5% of rural areas (mainly located in the Poznań Metropolitan Area) were classified as Class I with the highest level of housing conditions. Class IV – with the lowest level of housing conditions – included as many as 25% of rural areas and only one urban area located in a mixed, urban-rural commune. In many of the studies, dynamic, beneficial changes in housing conditions in rural areas are emphasized despite the continuous worse situation of rural areas compared to cities. However, due to the observed suburbanisation processes in rural areas in the vicinity of large urban agglomerations, it would be necessary to distinguish living transformations in these rural areas, from changes in housing conditions in rural areas that perform typical agricultural functions.

scholarly journals The Significance of Derivatives in the Management of the Value of Non-Financial Enterprises in Poland on the Age of Financialization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Alina Rydzewska
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
High Level

The turn of the 21st century is a period of the growing importance of finance in the global economy. The domination of the financial sphere about the real sphere is defined as financialization. The inflation of financial instruments, derivatives, in particular, is indicated among the symptoms of financialization. Financialization about companies is associated with the growing importance of financial motives in the decision-making processes of enterprises. The enlarging pressure of financial markets and investors forces transformations in the value management process. Companies raising capital from share issues are evaluated by investors (shareholders). In turn, management is entrusted to hired managers whose evaluation depends on the current results. To meet the requirements of the owners (shareholders), they stop taking into account the long-term development of a given undertaking and focus on achieving the required rate of return in the short term. Therefore, they limit their operational activities, and in particular long-term investment activities, in favour of short-term financial activities. They use derivatives as one of the forms of short-term profit generation. Their use is characterized by a relatively high level of risk resulting from the use of leverage in their construction. It also results in potential profits (or losses) many times higher than the capital employed. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether non-financial enterprises operating in Poland use derivatives in value management. The research was based on the analysis of indicators identifying the role of derivatives in the enterprise and determining their impact on the ROE ratio as a measure of value for shareholders. For this purpose, the financial statements of non-financial enterprises published in Poland by the Central Statistical Office for the years 2010-2017 were used.

scholarly journals Podstawowe determinanty jakości życia mieszkańców wsi i miast po akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej = Basic determinants of rural and urban inhabitants’ life quality after Poland’s accession to the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Barbara Chmielewska ◽  
Józef Stanisław Zegar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Main Determinants

The purpose of the study is to assess changes concerning main determinants of rural and urban inhabitants’ life quality in the period after Poland’s accession to the European Union (years 2006–2017). The study was conducted basing on results of the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and household budgets of the Central Statistical Office of Poland. Assessment of rural population’s life quality was based on indicators characterizing the unbiased living conditions (income, expenses, infrastructure, environment, housing and furnishings) as well as subjective evaluation. However, in assessing the life quality, environmental and climatic advantages of rural areas were not taken into account. Basic indicators relate to individuals or households. Life quality in rural areas is lower than in urban ones, which is primarily due to inferior income of rural residents. Furthermore, the level of expenditure is lower, mainly regarding high rank needs. Rural areas are characterized by lower equipment in basic technical infrastructure and durable – especially modern goods – in comparison to urban areas. Inhabitants of rural areas subjectively assess their life quality to be worse than the urban population. They also believe that possibility of satisfying their needs is lower than in cities.

scholarly journals Exploring Determinants of Innovation Capability in Manufacturing Companies Operating in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7101
Author(s):  
Agata Sudolska ◽  
Justyna Łapińska
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company ◽  
Empirical Contribution

The innovation capability of a company is considered the determinant of its competitiveness in the long-term. Therefore, it is of increasing importance to understand the critical variable behind a firm’s innovation capability. The paper explores these issues and contributes to the research on the factors that drive a company’s innovation capability. The aim of the paper is to identify which factors determine the innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises operating in Poland. In the theoretical part, it provides an overview of recent contributions to the literature on a company’s innovation capability enhancers. The empirical contribution of the paper refers to recognising the relationship between the certain practices pursued by Polish manufacturing enterprises and their innovation capability measured by innovation output. Using a model for panel data, the study finds that that the factors driving innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises operating in Poland are the following: inter-organisational cooperation, hiring employees in research and development (R&D) activities as well as firms’ internal expenditures on R&D. The study is based on the data from publications of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, which contain information on the activities of manufacturing enterprises and reports presenting the results of research on the innovation capability of enterprises.

scholarly journals Własny potencjał dochodowy gmin wiejskich w Poznańskim Obszarze Metropolitalnym

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The analysis of the income situation of units of local self-government (entities of local government) based on achieved income, which include most of the sources of income of their own, can determine the long-term ability of these entities to finance their activities. Their own income potential allow local government units to create their own financial policy within the framework of existing law, so it is one of the important factors of sustainable local development. Among the communes, the lowest level of their own income potential distinguishes rural communes. However, these entities are highly diverse in this regard. With the socio-economic development, and especially after Poland’s accession to European structures, the functions performed by rural communes (from the typical agricultural to residential and service functions), and especially those located in the vicinity of the largest cities, are changing. Change of functions performed by rural communities, especially those located in the so-called. Metropolitan areas, translates into a change in the level and structure of their own income of these entities. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the level and structure of own income potential of rural communities in the Poznań Metropolitan Area in the years 2004-2016. Empirical studies were conducted based on data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office, which were processed using basic descriptive statistics methods.

scholarly journals The assessment of changes in the level of technical infrastructure development for former regional centres - a comparative analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Agata Pawłat-Zawrzykraj ◽  
Konrad Podawca
Keyword(s):  
External Factor ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Indicator Analysis ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Regional Centers

The article presents the assessment of urban development measured mainly by the service level and dynamics of changes in the field of technical infrastructure. This kind of analysis can give some long-term overview of social, economic and spatial phenomena. The objects of the research were 28 cities - former regional centers that lost their status due to administrative reform in 1999. The changing of the administrative significance of these cities was assumed to be an important external factor that might adversely affect their development. A multi-indicator analysis concerning the infrastructure issues was worked out for the years 2001- 2016 on the basis of statistical data of the Central Statistical Office, available in Local Data Bank (LDB). The obtained results for individual indicators enabled rating the technical infrastructure development of the studied cities. Furthermore, diversity and spatial distribution of the urban units with high, medium and low rates of technical infrastructure development were presented.

MARKET CONDITIONS OF EFFICIENCY AND DURABILITY OF ROAD TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jarocka ◽  
Ewelina Mandera
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
A Company

Market efficiency of road transport enterprises is achieved through the implementation of measures such as building a competitive advantage and adapting to the changing environment. Functional durability of road transport enterprises is a reflection of their long-term effectiveness, and thus remains competitive in the long term. The aim of the paper is to present the market conditions of the functional efficiency and durability ofroad transport companies. These conditions reflect values such as the age of the company, the determinants of the customer choice of a company and the promotion tools they use. The theoretical part of the article is based on the review of literature and reports of the Central Statistical Office, and the empirical part – on extensive primary research.

scholarly journals Giardiasis (lambliasis) in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 499-509
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

OBJECTIVE. To assess the epidemiological situation of giardiasis in Poland in 2017. MATERIAL AND METHOD. The assessment of the epidemiological situation of giardiasis in Poland was carried out on the basis of the results of the analysis of data from the annual bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland”, information from forms on individual cases provided by PSSE employees through the Epidemiological Case Reporting System (SRWE), information on outbreaks transferred by PSSE employees through the Registry of Epidemic Outbreaks (ROE), as well as data on deaths from the Department of Demographic Studies of the Central Statistical Office. RESULTS. This is the first epidemiological report on giardiasis in Poland published in the epidemiological Chronicle. The number of new giardiasis cases registered in Poland in 2017 was 1 229 cases, incidence rate 3.2 per 100 000 population. Compared to previous years, the number of registered cases decreased. There were no deaths. Hospitalizations accounted for around 24.5% of all cases. All giardiasis cases met the criteria for the definition of a confirmed case. In 2017, there were 4 outbreaks of giardiasis. CONCLUSIONS. The long-term decline in the number of cases and incidence in Poland indicates an improvement of the epidemiological situation. In comparison with epidemiological data for EU / EEA countries, Poland does not stand out significantly in terms of the number of cases, incidence or seasonality distribution of cases.

scholarly journals Flood variability in northern Spain during the last millennium recorded in lacustrine sedimentary archives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Corella ◽  
Bruno Wilhelm ◽  
Gerardo Benito ◽  
Anne-Catherine Favre ◽  
Blas L. Valero-Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Hydroclimate Variability ◽  
Historical Land Use

<p>Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, and robust knowledge about their past, present and future trends is therefore crucial for the sustainable development of societies worldwide. Paleoflood deposits in lacustrine sedimentary sequences enable the continuous reconstruction of flood variability at centennial to millennial scale beyond instrumental hydrological datasets. FLOODARC MSCA project (2019-2021) aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term flood variability in the Iberian Peninsula by investigating flood archives in several Spanish lake records. Preliminary results show a see-saw pattern in flood frequency variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age transition with more (less) flood events occurring during cold (warm) phases in Atlantic and Mediterranean areas respectively. These dissimilarities seem to be controlled by the hydroclimate variability at the regional scale as well as by historical land use changes in different areas of northern Spain.</p>

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