scholarly journals UNREALIZED ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS IN LITHUANIA: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT / NEĮGYVENDINTI ARCHITEKTŪRINIAI PROJEKTAI LIETUVOJE: ISTORINĖ RAIDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrė Gudelytė
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Historical Periods

The “unrealized architectural projects” are the building projects, carried out under the specific design task and intended to be built in a particular place (site), though, for certain reasons and circumstances, have never been constructed. However, up to the present day, the topic of the “unbuilt” has been analyzed just episodically in literature and sources. The article touches upon the historical development of unrealized architectural works, as well as their artistic value and role within various historical periods of Lithuanian architecture. One of the chapters briefly reviews the relevance and development of unrealized projects during the period since Czarist Russian occupation (1795) to the restoration of Lithuanian independence (1990). Furthermore, the deeper analysis of the Soviet period (1940–1990) “dead” architecture is presented. While exploring “the unrealized”, attention has been also paid to what was actu ally built, therefore the prevailing architectural styles, tendencies and examples of the corresponding decade (in Lithuania and worldwide) have been studied. Santrauka Neįgyvendinti projektai – tai pastatų projektai, atlikti pagal konkrečią projektavimo užduotį ir skirti realizuoti konkrečioje vietoje (sklype), tačiau dėl tam tikrų priežasčių ir aplinkybių neįgavę realaus statinio pavidalo. Iki šiol ši tema literatūros šaltiniuose nagrinėta epizodiškai. Straipsnyje kalbama apie nerealizuotų darbų istorinę raidą, meninę vertę, jų vaidmenį įvairių laikotarpių Lietuvos architektūroje. Viename iš skyrių trumpai apžvelgiamas nerealizuotų projektų aktualumas ir raida nuo carinės Rusijos okupacijos (1795) iki Nepriklausomybės atgavimo metų (1990). Nuodugniau analizuojama sovietinio laikotarpio (1940–1990) vadinamoji mirusi architektūra. Tyrinėjant tai, kas nerealizuota, tenka atkreipti dėmesį ir į tai, kas buvo įgyvendinta: kokios architektūrinės srovės, mados, stiliai, tendencijos vyravo tam tikru periodu ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir pasaulyje.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Influence of Russian Historical Changes on Architectural Style

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Hua
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Cultural Forces ◽  
Historical Periods

Russian architectural style is deeply influenced by historical changes and impelled by religious and cultural forces. After historical periods of Kievan Rus, Russian Tsar, the Soviet period, Russian Federation, different architectural styles such as European ancient architecture,  Russian-style ancient architecture, Soviet-style modern architecture are formed, becoming a unique Russian architectural group and world-renowned.

THE CORE AND PERIPHERY OF THE CURRENT CULTURE OF ARTISTIC CREATION ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE STUDENTS’ VIEWS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Elena N. NARKHOVA ◽  
Dmitry Yu. NARKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Student ◽  
Historical Periods

This article analyzes the degree of demand for works of art (films and television films and series, literary and musical works, works of monumental art) associated with the history of the Great Patriotic War among contemporary students. This research is based on the combination of two theories, which study the dynamics and statics of culture in the society — the theory of the nucleus and periphery by Yu. M. Lotman and the theory of actual culture by L. N. Kogan. The four waves of research (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) by the Russian Society of Socio¬logists (ROS) have revealed a series of works in various genres on this topic in the core structure and on the periphery of the current student culture; this has also allowed tracing the dynamics of demand and the “movement” of these works in the sociocultural space. The authors introduce the concept of the archetype of the echo of war. The high student recognition of works of all historical periods (from wartime to the present day) is shown. A significant complex of works has been identified, forming two contours of the periphery. Attention is drawn to the artistic work of contemporary students as a way to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. This article explains the necessity of preserving the layer of national culture in order to reproduce the national identity in the conditions of informational and ideological pluralism of the post-Soviet period. The authors note the differentiation of youth due to the conditions and specifics of socialization in the polysemantic sociocultural space.

Strindberg's A Dream Play: Postmodernist Visions on the Modernist Stage

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-70
Author(s):  
Klaus van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Theatre Theory ◽  
Theatre Historiography ◽  
Historical Periods

Since the 1980s, new approaches to theatre historiography, the study of what Sue-Ellen Case has called the “convergence of history and theory,” have begun to arise in a challenge to generally accepted principles of theatre history, such as the supremacy of independent facts, the autonomy of dramatic texts, and the hierarchy of text, performance, and culture. The French critic and philosopher Michel Foucault has pointed out that the grouping and ordering of events into historical periods creates a “space of reference,” which lends some events a heightened meaning, while obscuring or submerging others. In a substantial challenge to traditional methods of theatre history, historiographers influenced by this view have begun to examine the theoretical underpinnings of historical periodization. In theatre theory, Thomas Postlewait has investigated the often unarticulated assumptions by which theatre historians isolate a group of historical events and designate them with period names.Many scholars now center their attention on historical discontinuity: searching for ruptures in the historical narrative, focusing on dynamics which lend instability rather than stability to historical periods, and reconceptualizing temporal historical narratives into spatial relationships. For example, from a perspective of discontinuity, a play is conceived not simply as a fixed entity created at some moment in history, but as a representation of layers of historical influences; likewise, a theatre building is not simply a material location in space, but a physical expression of historically emergent architectural styles and sociopolitical circumstances, and a performance is not simply a translation of a text to the stage, but a collage of past and emergent cultural and aesthetic processes.

scholarly journals Historical Perspectives and Legal Aspects of Cyber Warfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Jovanovski ◽  
Andrej Iliev ◽  
Anita Ilieva Nikolovska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Historical Periods

Historical development of cyber warfare follows three major historical periods: first period follows the technological advances of information technology during the 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1990, second period is from the end of the Cold War to the terrorist attacks in United States during 11-th september 2001 year and the third period  is from the terrorist attacks in United States during 11-th september 2001 year onwards. Each of the mentioned historical periods follows a specific doctrine and strategy of dealing with the national security threats from cyberspace. The world super powers and the world states, introduce appropriate strategies and national policies to deal with the consequences of this kind of warfare. Expression of cyberspace is linked to a short story titled "Burning Chrome" in the 1982 year written by American author William Gibson. In the following years, this word turned out to be conspicuously related to online PC systems. According to NATO, people are part of cyberspace.  According to this, NATO defines that cyberspace is more than just internet, including not only hardware, software and information systems, but also peoples and social interaction with these networks. The first cyber warfare weapon ever known in history was Stuxnet. Stuxnet's objective was to physically annihilate a military target. Stuxnet has contaminated more than 60,000 PCs around the world, mostly in Iran. While international cooperation is essential, each nation should in near future develop a National foundation, its own national cyber security strategy, authorities and capabilities. Every nation state, should  require effective coordination and cooperation among governmental entities at the national and sub-national levels as well as the private sector and civil society. The main hypothesis of this paper is to present the historical development and perspectives of cyber warfare and accordingly propose the best legal concepts, national doctrines and strategies for dealing with this modern type of warfare.

The Morphological Interaction of the Four Faculties in the Historical System of W. B. Yeats’s A Vision

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Dampier
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
William Butler Yeats ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Historical System

William Butler Yeats’ elucidation of A Vision’s historical system in “Dove or Swan” represents the historical present as the reconciliation of past moments. The Four Faculties define history as the perpetual co-existence of historical periods and allow for a vision of historical development that always reflects on the past in order to make sense of the present. This essay argues that the interaction of the Faculties on the “line of coterminous periods” can be understood in terms of Spengler’s morphology of history as analytically analogous. The past influences the present, and can be said to constrain it, but it is the Will’s ability to reconcile the strife between the Tinctures that allows for novelty in this grand system of deterministic continuity. Previous discussions of the Yeats-Spengler connection have overlooked the importance of the Faculties and the four interacting periods of history, which this article only begins to address.

scholarly journals Lithuanian Synagogues: From the First Descriptions to Systematic Research

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Vilma Gradinskaite
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article presents an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania during the four major historical periods of the country—Lithuania in the Russian Empire (1795–1918), Vilnius Region in the interwar period and the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940), the Soviet period (1940–1990), and the independent Republic of Lithuania restored in 1990. Each chapter of the article deals with the issues of synagogue research, heritage conservation and management, while the part about the restored independent Republic of Lithuania and modern days includes topical issues related to synagogue restoration, commemoration and putting them into operation. The study uses two different sources: archival materials and publications. Written sources and publications are reviewed in chronological order and start from the end of the 18th century. The study employs several research methods—the historical descriptive method, the comparative method and the analysis method.

scholarly journals ІСТОРИКО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНЕ КІНО ЯК ФЕНОМЕН ПЕРІОДУ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
О. І. Орлов
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutic ◽  
National School ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
History Of

This article offers a survey of the historical-cognitive cinema in Ukrainian cinematography during the independence period. The author focuses on both thematic diversity of films, and philosophical, hermeneutic, psychoanalytic possibilities and demand of their thorough study. Indicated that, chronicle-documentary and popular science films of Ukraine during the independence period inherent mapping of historical development of the state and the Ukrainian people, social problems, and understanding the legal framework of Ukrainians. The article deals with the features of cinematography among other means of mass communication in the context of its influence on the mass consciousness. The tendencies of Ukrainian cinema as a distinctive genre in the field of directorial and acting art are analyzed. The process of formation of the national school of cinema during the Independence period is shown, and its activity with the work of directors of the previous Soviet period in the history of Ukrainian cinema art is compared. The contribution of Ukrainian actors of the theater and cinema, artists, scriptwriters and directors to the development of massive cinema playing during the independence period. As an example of the development of Ukrainian cinema, the trends of the historical – cognitive cinema during the Independence period were analyzed, on the basis of which the features of the country's exhibit in elite circles were determined.

scholarly journals DAGESTAN PROFESSIONAL MUSICAL ART IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX - BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-386
Author(s):  
Elmira B. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Actual Part

The article describes the patterns and features of the development of the musical art of Dagestan at different stages of its evolution over more than half a century of history. We have analyzed the components of the musical and professional tradition, giving a holistic view of it, versatile reflecting both the originality and originality, and historical variability. These include: genre-species differentiation and systemic connections, stylistics and means of musical expression.The multifaceted study and the possibility of interpreting the data obtained allows one to create an idea of ​​the ways of the formation and development of the musical art of Dagestan during the period under consideration. The initial premises of the study can be summarized as follows.The structure of musical art is formed on the basis of the interrelationships of composer's creativity, performing practice and various cultural interchanges that undergo stylistic and genre-specific changes.The second premise was the look at the musical art of Dagestan as an actual part of modern culture. Therefore, the main source has become various forms of broadcasting musical culture (listening practice and analytical observations at concerts of classical music).Reliance on contemporary musical material and direct observation of the musical process in the field of classical, pop and other spheres of culture presupposes the study of the phenomenon in a synchronic aspect. The presence of publications by different authors and our own research experience make it possible to a certain extent to make diachronic comparisons.The important regularities in the development of the Dagestan academic musical art identified by us can form the basis for further research of genre phenomena in different historical periods.

scholarly journals Integrative reflections in the contemporary approach of the architecture of buildings for shows

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Aurelia Trifan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
National Theater ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The current approaches, materialized in studies and research programs, further explain and complete the general picture regarding the identity of buildings for shows in the Republic of Moldova. The need to update existing information and correct errors and unconfirmed assumptions arises as a result of identifying new data. The research carried out in the field of buildings for shows focuses both on the detailing of its constitution and on the revelation of the architectural-artistic value – starting with the 19th century. The first buildings for shows (the Nobles’ Meeting Club and the „Pushkin” Auditorium), the refurbished buildings („Patria” Cinema and the Organ Hall) and adaptations to new programs such as soviet cinemas are highlighted. Thorough research of the history of construction and reconstruction of the two most famous buildings for shows, which were the headquarters of the Romanian National Theater in Chisinau, contributes to the identification of valid novelties in the correct and coherent dating and interpretation, as well as the names of the authors of the projects. Programs based on appreciating the value of the cultural heritage of the Soviet period are submitted to the attention of the professional environment, the interested public and the administrators of the built heritage and represent an attempt to raise awareness of the importance of re-evaluating this heritage.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTIS¬TIC DESIGN OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK DURING “DEVELOPED SO¬CIA-LISM”

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Олег Малярчук
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article describes the changes that took place as a result of the socialist industrialization of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR by the example of the Ivano-Frankivsk region and related urbanization. The architecture of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavov, Stanislav) has absorbed features of different historical epochs. Architectural features different from all other styles as well as the scale of development characterized the Soviet period in the history of the city. The urbanization of Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Chernivtsi, Uzhhorod, and especially Lviv, is unique in its historical experience. It was “overdue” and was preceded by a radical military and postwar change in the ethnic and social composition of the population of cities where Jews and Poles were the dominant majority. The rapid increase in urban population of the western region of the republic was at the expense of the Ukrainian rural population. Among other major Ukrainian cities, Ivano-Frankivsk was notable for being one of the few regional centers (inferior to Lviv), that was Ukrainized, and played a decisive role in the national-religious movement of the second half of the 1980s. The purpose of the study is to analyze in the historical context the specifics of architectural and artistic design, improvement of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk during the rule of the Soviet totalitarian system (“developed socialism”), successes and miscalculations. Objectives: 1) to prove that irreparable damage was caused to the historic part of the city as a result of Soviet reconstruction. Many old buildings could have been in operation for decades, after preventive repairs. They reiterated the fate of their former owners, who were physically destroyed; 2) to generalize the gains and disadvantages in the practice of housing, industrial and communal construction on the example of frequent cases when in the territory of the new building (quarters, neighborhoods and even entire settlements) the inhabitants were not provided with the most necessary elements of improvement. Significant disadvantages were allowed in the landscaping business. To develop the topic, the authors used a whole group of scientific methods: the principles of objectivity and historicism, which involve consideration of particular phenomena and processes in their development and close connection with the system of relevant social relations; historical facts are considered against the backdrop of political processes, which involves the use of a method of comparative analysis, which clarifies the essence of many significant events for Ukrainian socio-political thought. Design and construction organizations while constructing residential complexes did not always take care of the conservation of natural relief, vegetation, green space. The public carried out systematic work on the improvement of cities, towns and villages. The Party-Soviet authorities tried to chalk up all the achievements. The regional center of Ivano-Frankivsk gained the glory of a beautiful city. At one time, it won prizes in urban competitions. This glory was preserved and multiplied by the city’s inhabitants, despite the adverse political conditions of the totalitarian system through creative approach to the renewal and expansion of the city, attentive and careful attitude to the existing capital buildings and nature. Keywords: architectural styles, Ivano-Frankivsk, complex development, residential areas, landscaping, planting.    

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