Characterization of commensal Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered sheep in Mexico

Introduction: Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; however, they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico. Methodology: Isolates were classified as commensal E. coli when distinctive genes related to diarrheagenic pathotypes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, LT, stp, ipaH, and aggR) were discarded by PCR. Identification of serotype, phylogenetic group, and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. Results: A total of 41 isolates were characterized. The phylogenetic groups found were B1 in 37 isolates (90.2%), A in 2 (4.8%), and 1 isolate (2.4%) for C and D groups. Serotypes associated with diarrhea in humans (O104:H2 and O154:NM) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (O8:NM) were detected. Thirty-three isolates (80%) were resistant to ceftazidime, 23 (56%), to tetracycline 8 (19.5%) to ampicillin, and 1 to amikacin. Six isolates (14.6%) were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: This study provides new information about commensal E. coli in slaughtered sheep, high percentages of resistance to antibiotics, and different profiles of antimicrobial resistance were found, their dissemination constitute a risk factor towards the consuming population.

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Characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from extraintestinal clinical infections in animals

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.018002-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 592-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Justine S. Gibson ◽

Rowland N. Cobbold ◽

Darren J. Trott

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Animal Species ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

E Coli

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli causes extraintestinal infections in both humans and animals. This study aimed to determine whether MDR E. coli isolates cultured from extraintestinal infections in several animal species were clonal and crossed host-species boundaries, as suggested by initial characterization of a subset of canine and human isolates, or whether they represented a diverse group of host-specific strains. Isolates were obtained either from The University of Queensland Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory or from an independent diagnostic laboratory between October 1999 and December 2007. Ninety-six MDR E. coli isolates cultured from extraintestinal clinical infections in 55 animals comprising dogs (n=45), cats (n=5), horses (n=4) and a koala (n=1) were analysed by phylogenetic grouping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PFGE. The isolates were cultured from the urinary tract (n=61), reproductive tract (n=11), wounds (n=11), surgical site infections (n=4) and other sites (n=9). Isolates from the same E. coli phylogenetic group with 100 % PFGE similarity and the same antimicrobial susceptibility pattern were considered to be repeat clones and excluded from further analysis. Three of the four E. coli phylogenetic groups (A, n=19; B1, n=8; and D, n=49) were represented. Analysis of PFGE similarity identified clusters of related phylogenetic group A isolates [clonal group (CG) 1] and group D isolates (CG2 and CG3), with the remainder of the isolates demonstrating diversity. The majority of CG2 isolates contained a plasmid-borne AmpC β-lactamase, imparting resistance to cefoxitin and third-generation cephalosporins, and were obtained between 2000 and 2003. CG3 isolates were sensitive to these antimicrobial agents and appeared to replace CG2 isolates as the dominant clones from 2003 to 2007. Apart from several canine and feline isolates that demonstrated clonality, PFGE profiles tended to be divergent across species. Whilst MDR E. coli isolates from extraintestinal infections in different animal species are diverse, some dominant CGs may persist over several years.

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Phylogenetic Groups and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Different Meat Species

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10121543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1543

Author(s):

Angelika Sacher-Pirkelbauer ◽

Daniela Klein-Jöbstl ◽

Dmitrij Sofka ◽

Anne-Béatrice Blanc-Potard ◽

Friederike Hilbert

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Meat Species

Escherichia coli isolated from meat of different animal species may harbour antimicrobial resistance genes and may thus be a threat to human health. The objectives of this study were to define antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from pork, beef, chicken- and turkey meat and analyse whether their resistance genotypes associated with phylogenetic groups or meat species. A total number of 313 E. coli samples were isolated using standard cultural techniques. In 98% of resistant isolates, a dedicated resistance gene could be identified by PCR. Resistance genes detected were tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, strA and aadA1 for streptomycin resistance, sulI and sulII for resistance against sulphonamides, dfr and aphA for kanamycin resistance and blaTEM for ampicillin resistance. One stx1 harbouring E. coli isolated from pork harboured the tet(A) gene and belonged to phylogenetic group B2, whilst another stx1 positive isolate from beef was multi-resistant and tested positive for blaTEM,aphA, strA–B, sulII, and tet(A) and belonged to phylogenetic group A. In conclusion, the distribution of resistance elements was almost identical and statistically indifferent in isolates of different meat species. Phylogenetic groups did not associate with the distribution of resistance genes and a rather low number of diverse resistance genes were detected. Most E. coli populations with different resistance genes against one drug often revealed statistically significant different MIC values.

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of mcr-1-positive multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST93, ST117, ST156, ST10, and ST744 isolated from poultry in Poland

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s42770-021-00538-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Ćwiek ◽

Anna Woźniak-Biel ◽

Magdalena Karwańska ◽

Magdalena Siedlecka ◽

Christine Lammens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background A plasmid-mediated mechanism of bacterial resistance to polymyxin is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes and to conduct the molecular characterization of mcr-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from Polish poultry. Methods In this study, 318 E. coli strains were characterized by the prevalence of mcr1–mcr5 genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by minimal inhibitory concentration method, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was screened by PCR, and the biofilm formation ability was tested using the crystal violet staining method. Genetic relatedness of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing method. Results Among the 318 E. coli isolates, 17 (5.35%) harbored the mcr-1 gene. High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.24%), and chloramphenicol (82.35%). All mcr-1-positive E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant, and as many as 88.24% of the isolates contained the blaTEM gene, tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1, sul2, and sul3) resistance genes. Additionally, 41.18% of multidrug-resistant, mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were moderate biofilm producers, while the rest of the strains showed weak biofilm production. Nine different sequence types were identified, and the dominant ST was ST93 (29.41%), followed by ST117 (17.65%), ST156 (11.76%), ST 8979 (11.76%), ST744 (5.88%), and ST10 (5.88%). Moreover, the new ST was identified in this study. Conclusions Our results showed a low occurrence of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains isolated from Polish poultry; however, all the isolated strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and were able to form biofilms at low or medium level.

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Virulence potential of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain belonging to the emerging clonal group ST101-B1 isolated from bloodstream infection

10.1101/797928 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Carolina de Mello Santos ◽

Rosa Maria Silva ◽

Tiago Barcelos Valiatti ◽

Fernanda Fernandes dos Santos ◽

José Francisco Santos-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Extraintestinal Infection ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractEscherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and Zone T lymphoma, that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, it harbors few known virulence factors and was assigned into phylogenetic group B1. To evaluate if the EC121 was pathogenic or opportunistic, its genome was sequenced, and an in vitro characterization of some pathogenicity-associated properties was performed. The data retrieved from genome analysis showed that E. coli strain EC121 belongs to the O154:H25 serotype, and to ST101-B1, which was epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections and antimicrobial resistance spread as well. Moreover, it was closely related to Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). Besides, strain EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2, and more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters, which are reported to be associated either with DEC or ExPEC. The strain also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of cell lineages, and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, it is virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Altogether, E. coli EC121 unveiled to be a pathogen powered by its multi-drug resistance characteristic. Carry out studies providing accurate information about the virulence potential of all kinds of MDR strains are essential because these studies will help in the development of alternative therapies of infection management and spread control of MDR strains.Authors summaryThe phylogenetic origin of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli is mostly associated with phylogroup B2, and the majority of the studies regarding extraintestinal infection focus on the most virulent strains, which might also present multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. Strains belonging to phylogroup B1 and isolated from extraintestinal infections are considered as opportunist pathogens and have their virulence neglected. We focus our study in one MDR strain isolated from bloodstream infection that belongs to phylogenetic group B1 to enlarge the knowledge about the virulence of this kind of strain. We demonstrated that the EC121 is capable of adheres to intestinal and bladder human cells, and invades the latter one; it survives to human serum bactericidal effects and produces biofilm. Additionally, the in vivo assay confirmed the EC121 virulence, showing that it should be considered a pathogenic strain. The genetic analyzes highlighted important aspects of EC121 which are typical from strains of sequence type 101, like its involvement in the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and its relationship with extraintestinal infection from diverse sources. Information concerning the virulence of MDR strains is important for the development of global actions treating the spread of antimicrobial resistance, as well as to elucidate the pathogenesis of strains that were considered as an opportunist.

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Detection of Multiple-Antimicrobial Resistance and Characterization of the Implicated Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Foods of Animal Origin in Tunis

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-72.5.1082 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1082-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

AHLEM JOUINI ◽

KARIM BEN SLAMA ◽

YOLANDA SÁENZ ◽

NAOUEL KLIBI ◽

DANIELA COSTA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Food Samples ◽

Animal Origin ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1 ◽

Agar Dilution

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance was conducted for 98 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from 40 food samples of animal origin (poultry, sheep, beef, fish, and others) obtained in supermarkets and local butcheries in Tunis during 2004 and 2005. Susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, the mechanisms of resistance were evaluated using PCR and sequencing methods, and the clonal relationship among isolates was evaluated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. High resistance was detected to tetracycline, sulphonamides, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (29 to 43% of isolates), but all isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, azthreonam, and amikacin. One-third of the isolates had multiresistant phenotypes (resistance to at least five different families of antimicrobial agents). Different variants of blaTEM, tet, sul, dfrA, aadA, and aac(3) genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphonamide, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and gentamicin, respectively. The presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons was studied in 15 sulphonamide-resistant unrelated E. coli strains, and 14 of these strains harbored class 1 integrons with five different arrangements of gene cassettes, and a class 2 integron with the dfrA1 + sat + aadA1 arrangement was found in one strain. This study revealed the high diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes, some of them included in integrons, in E. coli isolates of food origin.

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Molecular Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Reveals Emergence of Drug Resistant O15, O22 and O25 Serogroups

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55110733 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 733 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruta Prakapaite ◽

Frederic Saab ◽

Rita Planciuniene ◽

Vidmantas Petraitis ◽

Thomas J. Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Rates

Background and Objectives: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). We aimed to investigate the relationship among clinical manifestation, serogroups, phylogenetic groups, and antimicrobial resistance among UPEC. Materials and Methods: One-hundred Escherichia coli isolates recovered from urine and ureteral scrapings were used for the study. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was determined by using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommendations. E. coli serogroups associated with UTI, as well as phylogenetic diversity were analyzed using multiplex PCR reactions. Results: Eighty-seven strains (87%) were isolated from females, while 13 (13%) from males. A high frequency of resistance to cephalosporins (43%) and fluoroquinolones (31%) was observed. Among UTI-associated serogroups O15 (32.8%), O22 (23.4%), and O25 (15.6%) were dominant and demonstrated elevated resistance rates. The E. coli phylogenetic group B2 was most common. These observations extended to pregnant patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Conclusions: Due to high rates of resistance, strategies using empirical therapy of second-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones should be reconsidered in this population.

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Virulence Potential of a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Belonging to the Emerging Clonal Group ST101-B1 Isolated from Bloodstream Infection

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8060827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 827 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Carolina M. Santos ◽

Rosa M. Silva ◽

Tiago B. Valiatti ◽

Fernanda F. Santos ◽

José F. Santos-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and T-zone lymphoma that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, previous studies showed that it did not have the usual characteristics of an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Instead, it belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and harbored few known virulence genes. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of strain EC121, an extensive genome sequencing and in vitro characterization of various pathogenicity-associated properties were performed. The genomic analysis showed that strain EC121 harbors more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters. It also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of epithelial cell lineages and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, EC121 was shown to be virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Furthermore, EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2. Completing the scenario, it belongs to serotype O154:H25 and to sequence type 101-B1, which has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections as well as to antimicrobial resistance spread. This study with E. coli strain EC121 shows that clinical isolates considered opportunistic might be true pathogens that go underestimated.

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First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of blaCTX-M-121-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 From Cattle in Xinjiang, China

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.574801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Zhanqiang Su ◽

Panpan Tong ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Mengmeng Zhang ◽

Dong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

E Coli ◽

Uremic Syndrome ◽

Cattle Farms

The bovine Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen causing severe bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are recognized major reservoir and source of E. coli O157:H7. We investigated the antibiotic resistance, molecular profiles, and intrinsic relationship between 21 isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle farms and slaughtering houses in Xinjiang. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing, two types of PFGE were revealed through cluster analysis, including clusters I and II, with 66 and 100% similarity of PFGE spectra between 21 isolates. We also detected that 18 isolates (86%) carried at least one virulence gene, 16 isolates (76%) carried the eae gene, and 7 (33%) carried the stx1 + stx2 + eae + hly + tccp genes. Eighteen isolates were susceptible to antibiotics. Three isolates were resistant to antibiotics, and two were multidrug resistant. One of the two multidrug-resistant isolates detectably carried the blaCTX−M−121 gene. This is the first finding of the blaCTX−M−121 gene detected in E. coli O157:H7 isolated from cattle in Xinjiang. The blaCTX−M−121 gene is transferable between the bacterial strains via plasmid transmission. The results indicated that E. coli O157:H7 may have undergone clonal propagation in cattle population and cross-regional transmission in Xinjiang, China.

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Comparative Characteristics and Zoonotic Potential of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates from Chicken and Duck in South Korea

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 946

Author(s):

Jiyeon Jeong ◽

Ji-Youn Lee ◽

Min-Su Kang ◽

Hye-Jin Lee ◽

Seong-Il Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Related Sequence ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Sequence Types

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, which is an economically important disease in the poultry industry worldwide. The present study investigated O-serogroups, phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance, and the existence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes in 125 APEC isolates between 2018 and 2019 in Korea. The phylogenetic group B2 isolates were confirmed for human-related sequence types (STs) through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). O-serogroups O2 (12.5%) and O78 (10.3%) and phylogenetic group B1 (36.5%) and A (34.5%) were predominant in chicken and duck isolates, respectively. Out of 14 VAGs, iucD, iroN, hlyF, and iss were found significantly more in chicken isolates than duck isolates (p < 0.05). The resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin was higher in chicken isolates than duck isolates (p < 0.05). The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of chicken and duck isolates were 77.1% and 65.5%, respectively. One isolate resistant to colistin (MIC 16 μg/mL) carried mcr-1. The B2-ST95 APEC isolates possessed more than 9 VAGs, and most of them were MDR (82.4%). This report is the first to compare the characteristics of APEC isolates from chickens and ducks in Korea and to demonstrate that B2-ST95 isolates circulating in Korea have zoonotic potential and pose a public health risk.

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Differences of virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility according to phylogenetic group in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from Korean patients

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-021-00481-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miri Hyun ◽

Ji Yeon Lee ◽

Hyun ah Kim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Healthcare Associated Infections ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

Genotypic Characteristics ◽

Group D

Abstract Background Escherichia coli is among the most common uropathogens. Increased antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli is global concern. Alternative therapeutic options including vaccines against uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) have been developed. In this study, we compared the genotypic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of UPEC according to phylogenetic groups. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pyelonephritis patients with UPEC between February 2015 and June 2018. The study was conducted at a medical center in Korea. We compared the clinical and genotypic characteristics of UPEC according to phylogenetic groups. The phylogenetic groups and 29 virulence factors were identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results Phylogenetic group analysis revealed that most uropathogenic E. coli belonged to groups B2 and D: B2 (276, 77.7%), D (62, 17.5%), B1 (12, 3.4%), and A (5, 1.4%). Among the virulence factors, fyuA, fimH, traT, iutA, papG allele II, and papC were the most frequently observed. Phylogenetic group B2 was more closely related to virulence factors, including fimH, sfa/focED, focG, hlyA, cnf1, fyuA, and PAI, than group D. Groups B2 and D showed similar clinical presentations and complications. Group B2 had mostly healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. Group D mostly had community-acquired infections. The K1 serotype was prevalent in group B2, and K5 was the most prevalent in group D. Conclusions Phylogenetic group B2 had more proportions and types of virulence factors than group D. Group B2 showed a high presentation of virulence factors related to adhesions and toxins. An increased presentation of antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections was also noted. Considering the genetic characteristics of UPEC, alternative therapeutic options targeting frequent virulence factors might be considered in addition to antibiotics.

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