Comparative Characteristics and Zoonotic Potential of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates from Chicken and Duck in South Korea

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, which is an economically important disease in the poultry industry worldwide. The present study investigated O-serogroups, phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance, and the existence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes in 125 APEC isolates between 2018 and 2019 in Korea. The phylogenetic group B2 isolates were confirmed for human-related sequence types (STs) through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). O-serogroups O2 (12.5%) and O78 (10.3%) and phylogenetic group B1 (36.5%) and A (34.5%) were predominant in chicken and duck isolates, respectively. Out of 14 VAGs, iucD, iroN, hlyF, and iss were found significantly more in chicken isolates than duck isolates (p < 0.05). The resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin was higher in chicken isolates than duck isolates (p < 0.05). The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of chicken and duck isolates were 77.1% and 65.5%, respectively. One isolate resistant to colistin (MIC 16 μg/mL) carried mcr-1. The B2-ST95 APEC isolates possessed more than 9 VAGs, and most of them were MDR (82.4%). This report is the first to compare the characteristics of APEC isolates from chickens and ducks in Korea and to demonstrate that B2-ST95 isolates circulating in Korea have zoonotic potential and pose a public health risk.

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Characterization of commensal Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered sheep in Mexico

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.14001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1755-1760

Author(s):

Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat ◽

Edgar Enriquez-Gómez ◽

Martín Talavera-Rojas ◽

Edgardo Soriano-Vargas ◽

Armando Navarro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

New Information ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Uremic Syndrome

Introduction: Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; however, they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico. Methodology: Isolates were classified as commensal E. coli when distinctive genes related to diarrheagenic pathotypes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, LT, stp, ipaH, and aggR) were discarded by PCR. Identification of serotype, phylogenetic group, and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. Results: A total of 41 isolates were characterized. The phylogenetic groups found were B1 in 37 isolates (90.2%), A in 2 (4.8%), and 1 isolate (2.4%) for C and D groups. Serotypes associated with diarrhea in humans (O104:H2 and O154:NM) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (O8:NM) were detected. Thirty-three isolates (80%) were resistant to ceftazidime, 23 (56%), to tetracycline 8 (19.5%) to ampicillin, and 1 to amikacin. Six isolates (14.6%) were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: This study provides new information about commensal E. coli in slaughtered sheep, high percentages of resistance to antibiotics, and different profiles of antimicrobial resistance were found, their dissemination constitute a risk factor towards the consuming population.

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Genomic analysis of avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from diseased chicken

10.21203/rs.2.13990/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Aneta Papoušková ◽

Martina Masaříková ◽

Adam Valček ◽

David Šenk ◽

Darina Čejková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Local Spread ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Abstract Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause various extraintestinal infections in chicken, resulting in massive economic losses in poultry industry. Apart from that, some avian E. coli strains may have zoonotic potential, making poultry a possible source of infection for humans. Due to its extreme genetic diversity, this pathotype remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of colibacillosis-associated E. coli isolates from Central European countries with a focus on the Czech Republic.Results Out of 95 preliminarily characterized clinical isolates 32 isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing. A multiresistant phenotype was detected in a majority of them and the predominant resistance to lactams and quinolones was widely associated with TEM-type beta-lactamase genes and chromosomal gyrA mutations, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed a great diversity of isolates, that were derived from nearly all phylogenetic groups, with predominace of B2, B1 and C phylogroups. Clusters of closely related isolates within ST23 (phylogroup C) and ST429 (phylogroup B2) indicated a long-term local spread of these clones. Besides, the ST429 cluster carried bla CMY-2, -59 genes for AmpC beta-lactamase and isolates of both clusters were generally well-equipped with virulence-associated genes, with considerable differences in distribution of certain virulence-associated genes between phylogenetically distant lineages. Other important and potentially zoonotic APEC STs were detected, incl. ST117, ST354 and ST95, showing several molecular features typical for human ExPEC.Conclusions The results support the concept of local spread of virulent APEC clones, as well as of zoonotic potential of specific poultry-associated lineages, and highlight the need to investigate the possible source of these pathogenic strains.

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Phylogenetic Groups and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Different Meat Species

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10121543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1543

Author(s):

Angelika Sacher-Pirkelbauer ◽

Daniela Klein-Jöbstl ◽

Dmitrij Sofka ◽

Anne-Béatrice Blanc-Potard ◽

Friederike Hilbert

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Meat Species

Escherichia coli isolated from meat of different animal species may harbour antimicrobial resistance genes and may thus be a threat to human health. The objectives of this study were to define antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from pork, beef, chicken- and turkey meat and analyse whether their resistance genotypes associated with phylogenetic groups or meat species. A total number of 313 E. coli samples were isolated using standard cultural techniques. In 98% of resistant isolates, a dedicated resistance gene could be identified by PCR. Resistance genes detected were tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, strA and aadA1 for streptomycin resistance, sulI and sulII for resistance against sulphonamides, dfr and aphA for kanamycin resistance and blaTEM for ampicillin resistance. One stx1 harbouring E. coli isolated from pork harboured the tet(A) gene and belonged to phylogenetic group B2, whilst another stx1 positive isolate from beef was multi-resistant and tested positive for blaTEM,aphA, strA–B, sulII, and tet(A) and belonged to phylogenetic group A. In conclusion, the distribution of resistance elements was almost identical and statistically indifferent in isolates of different meat species. Phylogenetic groups did not associate with the distribution of resistance genes and a rather low number of diverse resistance genes were detected. Most E. coli populations with different resistance genes against one drug often revealed statistically significant different MIC values.

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Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11025

Author(s):

Darby M. Newman ◽

Nicolle L. Barbieri ◽

Aline L. de Oliveira ◽

Dajour Willis ◽

Lisa K. Nolan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Crystal Violet ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Crystal Violet Assay ◽

Plasmid Replicon ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Almost All

Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug–Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid—the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.

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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 467

Author(s):

Dipak Kathayat ◽

Dhanashree Lokesh ◽

Sochina Ranjit ◽

Gireesh Rajashekara

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Current Status ◽

Neonatal Meningitis ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Secretion Systems ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and recent reports have suggested APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Herein, we discuss the virulence and pathogenesis factors of APEC, review the zoonotic potential, provide the current status of antibiotic resistance and progress in vaccine development, and summarize the alternative control measures being investigated. In addition to the known virulence factors, several other factors including quorum sensing system, secretion systems, two-component systems, transcriptional regulators, and genes associated with metabolism also contribute to APEC pathogenesis. The clear understanding of these factors will help in developing new effective treatments. The APEC isolates (particularly belonging to ST95 and ST131 or O1, O2, and O18) have genetic similarities and commonalities in virulence genes with human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) and abilities to cause urinary tract infections and meningitis in humans. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of APEC cannot be undervalued. APEC resistance to almost all classes of antibiotics, including carbapenems, has been already reported. There is a need for an effective APEC vaccine that can provide protection against diverse APEC serotypes. Alternative therapies, especially the virulence inhibitors, can provide a novel solution with less likelihood of developing resistance.

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Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of potentially human‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from riding horses

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02832-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pouya Reshadi ◽

Fatemeh Heydari ◽

Reza Ghanbarpour ◽

Mahboube Bagheri ◽

Maziar Jajarmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Health Concern ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

E Coli ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Transmission of antimicrobial resistant and virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) from animal to human has been considered as a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic background and prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli and antimicrobial resistance in healthy riding-horses in Iran. In this research, the genes related to six main pathotypes of E. coli were screened. Also, genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antibiotics were studied, then phylo-grouping was performed on all the isolates. Results Out of 65 analyzed isolates, 29.23 % (n = 19) were determined as STEC and 6.15 % (n = 4) as potential EPEC. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (46.2 %) and ceftriaxone (38.5 %). blaTEM was the most detected resistance gene (98.4 %) among the isolates and 26.15 % of the E. coli isolates were determined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Three phylo-types including B1 (76.92 %), A (13.85 %) and D (3.08 %) were detected among the isolates. Conclusions Due to the close interaction of horses and humans, these findings would place emphasis on the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the equine strains and may help to design antimicrobial resistance stewardship programs to control the dissemination of virulent and multi-drug resistant E. coli strains in the community.

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Distribution of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Phylogenetic Groups of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Mexican Patients with Urinary Infection

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.83711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcantara ◽

Juan Manuel Bello-Lopez ◽

Iliana Alejandra Cortes-Ortiz ◽

Juan Jose Mendez-Velazquez ◽

Brandon Aviles-Soto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Urinary Infection ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Mexican Patients

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High Prevalence of CTX-M Type Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes and Detection of NDM-1 Carbapenemase Gene in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Cuba

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9010065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Dianelys Quiñones ◽

Meiji Soe Aung ◽

Yenisel Carmona ◽

María Karla González ◽

Niurka Pereda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Health Concern ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Single Locus Variant ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Carbapenemase Gene ◽

High Prevalence

Increase of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) showing resistance to beta-lactams is a major public health concern. This study was conducted as a first molecular epidemiological study on ExPEC in Cuba, regarding prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase genes. A total of 306 ExPEC isolates collected in medical institutions in 16 regions in Cuba (2014–2018) were analyzed for their genotypes and presence of genes encoding ESBL, carbapenemase, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants by PCR and sequencing. The most common phylogenetic group of ExPEC was B2 (49%), followed by D (23%), A (21%), and B1 (7%). Among ESBL genes detected, blaCTX-M was the most common and detected in 61% of ExPEC, with blaCTX-M-15 being dominant and distributed to all the phylogenetic groups. NDM-1 type carbapenemase gene was identified in two isolates of phylogenetic group B1-ST448. Phylogenetic group B2 ExPEC belonged to mostly ST131 (or its single-locus variant) with O25b allele, harboring blaCTX-M-27, and included an isolate of emerging type ST1193. aac (6’)-Ib-cr was the most prevalent PMQR gene (40.5%), being present in 54.5% of CTX-M-positive isolates. These results indicated high prevalence of CTX-M genes and the emergence of NDM-1 gene among recent ExPEC in Cuba, depicting an alarming situation.

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