scholarly journals Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths, Schistosoma mansoni, and haematocrit values among schoolchildren in Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayeh Abera ◽  
Genetu Alem ◽  
Mulat Yimer ◽  
Zaida Herrador
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Concentration Methods

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths, risk factors and haematocrit values among primary schoolchildren. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted in 12 primary schools in March 2011. Stool samples were randomly selected from 778 children and were microscopically examined using Kato-Katz and formal-ether concentration methods. Haematocrit values were measured using heparinized capillary tubes. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths was 51.5% (rural = 68.3%, urban = 36.2%). Hookworm spp., Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma stercoralis were more prevalent in rural schools, whereas Hymenolepis nana was higher in urban schools (p = 0.0001). With regard to haematocrit, 34% of rural and 21.7% of urban schoolchildren had haematocrit values below the median (40.5%) (p=0.001). Hookworm spp. and S. mansoni infected children had lower haematocrit values than non-infected children (p = 0.001). Lack of footwear was positively associated with intestinal helminths infection in rural schools [OR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5-4.1)], and having dirty fingernails and untrimmed fingernails were positively associated with the prevalence of intestinal helminths in urban samples [OR = 1.58 (95% CI: 1.03-2.5)]. Conclusion: The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and S. mansoni differs by geographical area of the schools and social determinants. Primary school de-worming and health education on proper hygiene are recommended.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Helminthic Intestinal Infection in Lurambi Subcounty, Kakamega, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ruth W. Kiiti ◽  
Elizabeth N. Omukunda ◽  
Jackson C. Korir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Children's Caregivers

Background. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosome infections have been known to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan countries. School aged and preschool children are known to be at high risk of infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with soil-transmitted helminths among school-going children in Lurambi Subcounty, Kakamega, Kenya. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2020 to Feb 2020 among 392 randomly selected primary school-going children aged 5 to 14 years old in six primary schools. Risk factors associated with STH infection were obtained using a structured questionnaire answered by the children’s caregivers. Stool samples were examined using the standard quantitative Kato-Katz technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Epi Info version 7.2.3.1. Result. A total of 278 children provided stool samples for analysis. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths was 14.4% (40/278). The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 11.5% (32/278), 0.4% (1/278) for hookworm, 0.4% (1/278) for Trichuris trichiura, and 2.1% (6/278) for Schistosoma mansoni; coinfection was detected in 0.4% (1/278). The intensity of infection ranged between light and moderate. Significant risk factors for STH infection included failure to wash hands before eating (OR: 3.529; P = 0.041 ), failure to wash fruits and vegetables before eating (OR: 2.3129; P = 0.005 ), and not washing hands after soil contact (OR: 2.1529; P = 0.005 ). Age ( Z = 2.4006 , P = 0.0164 ) was a risk factor only for infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Conclusion. Preventive chemotherapy and proper hygienic and sanitation practices should be integrated to achieve elimination of STH and Schistosoma mansoni in Lurambi Subcounty and at large in Kenya.

Current status of soil-transmitted helminthiases among pre-school and school-aged children from Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Sowemimo ◽  
S.O. Asaolu
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Government School ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Stool Samples

AbstractA cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths among pre-school and school-aged children attending nursery and primary schools in Ile-Ife. Single stool samples were collected between January and March, 2009 from 352 children randomly selected from a total of 456 children attending both private and government schools. The stool samples were processed using the modified Kato–Katz technique, and then examined for the eggs of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). One hundred and twenty-one (34.4%) samples were positive for STH eggs. The overall prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were 33.2%, 3.7% and 0.9%, respectively. The prevalence of STH infection in government schools (47.8%) was significantly higher than in private schools (16.1%) (P < 0.001). The most common type of mixed infection was the combination of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura (6.8%). The prevalence and intensity of A. lumbricoides rose with age. The lowest prevalence and intensity (7.7%; 0.240 ± 0.136 eggs per gram (epg)) were recorded in the 2- to 3-year-old age group, while the highest prevalence and intensity (58.7%; 1.820 ± 0.237 epg) were recorded in children aged 10 years and above. A questionnaire survey indicated that 73% of the children attending private school had been treated with anthelminthics less than 2 months prior to the collection of stool specimens, while 43% of the children attending government school received anthelminthic treatment during the same period. The findings indicate that STH infections are endemic among schoolchildren in Ile-Ife and that the burden of parasitic infections is greater in government schools than in private schools.

scholarly journals Soil Transmitted Helminths and Plasmodium falciparum Co-infections among School Children in Bugesera District, Rwanda: Implications for National Control Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Umwanankundi Marcelline ◽  
Mazigo D. Humphrey ◽  
Tumusiime David ◽  
Mucumbitsi Joseph ◽  
Arpita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Control

Soil Transmitted Helminths and Plasmodium infections are ubiquitous with morbidity and mortality within the tropical and subtropical regions. However, the extent and consequences of STH-Plasmodium co-infection at different spatial scales are poorly understood. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminths and Plasmodium coinfection, and, the impact thereof among school children in Bugesera District of Eastern Rwanda. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey Place and Duration of Study: The survey was conducted in Bugesera district, Eastern Rwanda, between May and December 2020. Methodology: The survey was conducted among children between ages 5 and 18 years, across 21 randomly selected primary schools. Stool samples were collected and screened for soil transmitted helminths using Kato-Katz, while finger-prick blood samples were examined under the microscope to determine Plasmodium infection. Results: Overall the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, Hookworm and P. falciparum was 4.43%, 0.76%, 0.16% and 3.15% respectively. On the other hand, 36.15% were co-infected with A. lumbricoides and P. falciparum. Surprisingly, the coinfection was higher 41.79%, (P<0.001) in girls than the overall coinfection prevalence. Conclusion: Helminthiasis and malaria remain dominant, in spite of the continuing and tremendous national control programs. The strikingly surprising higher prevalence of A. lumbricoides-P. falciparum co-infection in girls calls for additional investigations.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mebendazole and Praziquantel against Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Schistosoma mansoni Infections among Schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kefale Ejigu ◽  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Megbaru Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Periodic Evaluation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Egg Reduction Rate

Background. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni are the main causes of morbidity among schoolchildren in the tropics. A school-based deworming program was launched to control and eliminate the infection in endemic countries including Ethiopia. Although periodic deworming is conducted in endemic areas, the prevalence of the infection is high in the country. In addition, periodic evaluation of the efficacy of the anthelminthic drug is limited. Objective. This study is aimed at checking the efficacy of mebendazole and praziquantel with the respective STHs and Schistosoma mansoni parasites. Methods. A longitudinal study was conducted from February to March 2018 among 422 schoolchildren. Stool samples were collected at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks posttreatment and were processed using the Kato-Katz technique. Schoolchildren positive for STHs were treated with mebendazole and those positive for Schistosoma mansoni with praziquantel. After two weeks, a second round of stool was collected and examined, and then, single-dose redosing was given to each positive child. Lastly, the third stool sample was collected two weeks after the initiation of the redosing and checked for STHs and S. mansoni parasites. A close follow-up of students who were treated was done. All the data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to compute the cure rate and egg reduction rate of mebendazole and praziquantel. Results. Among 422 participants, the prevalence of STHs, hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and S. mansoni was 44.7%, 35.1%, 21.1%, and 13.9%, respectively. The cure rate of mebendazole against A. lumbricoides increased from 60% in the single dose to 100% in redosing after two weeks. The cure rate of mebendazole against hookworm also increased from 32.4% in the single dose to 91.0% in the redosing. The cure rate of praziquantel against S. mansoni-infected children was 91.5% in the first round and 100% in the redosing phase. There was a 98.6-100% egg reduction rate in the redosing regimen of both drugs. Conclusion. The cure and egg reduction rates of single-dose mebendazole in the treatment of hookworm and A. lumbricoides are lower at week two than at redosing, while cure and egg reduction rates of single-dose praziquantel are satisfactory to treat S. mansoni. Therefore, single-dose praziquantel to S. mansoni and redosing of single-dose mebendazole to A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections can be used for treatment purposes.

Co-infections of malaria and soil-transmitted helminths in localities with different levels of urbanisation in the Mount Cameroon region

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lum ◽  
H.K. Kimbi ◽  
J. Mbuh ◽  
J. Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽  
A.L. Njunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Malaria Parasitaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Mount Cameroon ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Different Levels

Malaria co-exists with intestinal helminths and they have different effects on infected individuals. A total of 235 and 208 children from Ekona and Great Soppo respectively of both sexes aged 4–14 years were enrolled into a cross-sectional study.Capillary blood was collected for detection and determination of malaria parasitaemia as well as PCV. Stool samples were collected for quantitative determination of helminth ova by Kato-Katz technique.The prevalence of malaria and helminths was higher in Ekona than Great Soppo. In Great Soppo, Trichuris was the most prevalent helminth than Great Soppo and an association was found between these co-infections. More children were co-infected in Ekona and co-infecting species were Ascaris and Plasmodium falciparum.The prevalence of malaria and intestinal helminths as well as co-infection was lower in Great Soppo than in Ekona, probably due to increased urbanization in Great Soppo than Ekona.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminths, and Factors Associated with Infection: Importance in Control Program with Ivermectin and Albendazole in Eastern Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agodio Loukouri ◽  
Aboulaye Méité ◽  
Olivier K. Kouadio ◽  
Norbert N. Djè ◽  
Gotré Trayé-Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Stool Samples

Evaluation of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and implementation of additional interventions are required in the region of a filariasis control program, given that antifilariasis drugs also have a beneficial effect on STHs. Thus, this study determines the extensive epidemiology of STHs to improve their successful control. Stool samples were analyzed using the Kato-Katz method. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to measure differences in infection rates and intensities, respectively, and logistic regression identified the risks of infection. The main intestinal helminths (A. lumbricoides, hookworm [N. americanus],S. mansoni,andT. trichiura) were found in the population. The overall prevalence of STHs was 19.5%. The prevalence of hookworm, the predominant species, ranged from 2% (n=6) to 28% (n=97). The overall prevalence of the other intestinal helminths was less than 6% (n=18). Intensity of hookworm was mostly light with a range from 1.6% (n=5) to 25.9% (n=90). However, the intensity of the species was significantly greater in Soribadougou compared to the other localities. Heavy infection was found in old children and adults but not in young children. Open defecation (OR=3.23, p≤0.05), dog/cat raising (OR=1.94, p≤0.05), farming (OR=14.10, p≤0.05), and irrigated culture (OR=3.23, p≤0.05) were positively associated with hookworm. It was observed that the participants missed the follow-up examinations due to trip (32.7%) or misunderstanding (15%) and lack of information (11.8%) of the purpose of the survey. Thus, to sustain the control of STHs, the MDA program should target the entire community and add education about the use of toilets, best practices of farming, and dog/cat raising.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana in children in Baghdad- Al-Resafa

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Alia Y. Yakoob
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Stool Samples

From March to November 2004 a total of 634 stool samples from the children coming to thehospitals, cure centers and randomly from the children of kindergarten and primary schools. Generalstool examination and precipitation methods were performed on each specimen, the infection rate ofHymenolpes nana 1.8% among children for both Gender(male and female) for different ages that hadbeen recorded the highest rate for (4- 6)year is 2.94% and the lowest rate for (9-12)year is 1.4%.Seasonal variation were discussed, that August was recorded the highest rate 5.8%.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of Geo-Helminthes among Malaria Outpatients of the Health Facilities in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Minyahil Tadesse Boltena ◽  
Ziad El-Khatib ◽  
Abraham Sahlemichael Kebede ◽  
Benedict Oppong Asamoah ◽  
Andualem Tadesse Boltena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background: Coinfection of malaria and intestinal helminths affects one third of the global population, largely among communities with severe poverty. The spread of these parasitic infections overlays in several epidemiological locations and the host shows different outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis determine the pooled prevalence of malaria and intestinal helminthiases coinfections among malaria suspected patients in Ethiopia. Methods: Primary studies published in English language were retrieved using appropriate search terms on Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINHAL, Scopus, and Embase. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. A pooled statistical meta-analysis was conducted using STATA Version 14.0 software. The heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the I2 statistics and Egger’s test, respectively. Duval and Tweedie’s nonparametric trim and fill analysis using the random-effect analysis. The Random effects model was used to estimate the summary prevalence of comorbidity of malaria and soil transmitted helminthiases and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The review protocol has registered in PROSPERO number CRD42019144803. Results: We identified ten studies (n = 6633 participants) in this study. The overall pooled result showed 13% of the ambulatory patients infected by malaria and intestinal helminths concurrently in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infections were 12, 30, and 6%, respectively. The most common intestinal helminth parasites detected were Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Tirchuris trichiura. Conclusions: The comorbidity of malaria and intestinal helminths causes lower hemoglobin level leading to maternal anemia, preterm delivery, and still birth in pregnant women and lactating mother. School-aged children and neonates coinfected by plasmodium species and soil transmitted helminths develop cognitive impairment, protein energy malnutrition, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and gross motor delay. The Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and its international partners working on malaria elimination programs should give more emphasis to the effect of the interface of malaria and soil transmitted helminths, which calls for an integrated disease control and prevention.

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