Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A

Sepsis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A is rare in neonates. Though described as a mild and unrecognized illness in infants, life-threatening complications and even deaths have been reported. We present five cases of neonatal septicaemia due to S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. The cases were presented because of their interesting clinical presentations and possible modes of transmission. Salmonella infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis neonatorum, especially in endemic areas.

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The malS-5′UTR regulates hisG, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2016-0490 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 287-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ying Zhang ◽

Dongmei Yan ◽

Lin Xia ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

George Osei-Adjei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Rna Structure ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Base Pairing ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Invasive Capacity ◽

Shine Dalgarno Sequence ◽

Bax Gene

Bacterial noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) regulate diverse cellular processes, including virulence and environmental fitness. The malS 5′ untranslated region (named malS-5′UTR) was identified as a regulatory ncRNA that increases the invasive capacity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. An IntaRNA search suggested base pairing between malS-5′UTR and hisG mRNA, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression of malS-5′UTR markedly reduced bacterial growth in minimal medium without histidine. Overexpression of malS-5′UTR increased mRNA from his operon genes, independently of the bax gene, and decreased HisG protein in Salmonella Typhi. RNA structure analysis showed base pairing of the malS-5′UTR RNA with the hisG mRNA across the ribosome binding site. Thus, we propose that malS-5′UTR inhibited hisG translation, probably by base pairing to the Shine–Dalgarno sequence.

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Salmonella enterica serovars associated with bacteremia in Canada, 2006–2019

Canada Communicable Disease Report ◽

10.14745/ccdr.v47i56a03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (56) ◽

pp. 259-268

Author(s):

Sandeep Tamber ◽

Brendan Dougherty ◽

Kimberly Nguy

Keyword(s):

Organ Failure ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Bacterial Genus ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Salmonella Serovars

Background: Members of the bacterial genus Salmonella cause salmonellosis, a disease with a spectrum of clinical presentations from a self-limiting gastroenteritis to more severe bacteremia, organ failure and sepsis. The genus consists of over 2,600 serological variants (serovars). Important differences in the pathogenesis of Salmonella serovars have been noted. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which Salmonella serovars were more likely to be associated with bacteremia in Canada. Methods: Information on the total number of Salmonella infections and blood isolations reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program (NESP) from 2006 to 2019 was extracted for each serovar. The risk (proportion) and likelihood (odds) of bacteremia were calculated for all serovars. Results: Of the 96,082 Salmonella cases reported to the NESP during the 14-year study period, 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3%–4.6%) were bacteremic. Twenty nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars were associated with lower rates of bacteremia compared to all NTS serovars, and 19 NTS serovars were identified as having higher rates. Heidelberg, Oranienburg, Schwarzengrund, Virchow, Panama and Poona among the top 25 most commonly reported serovars in Canada during the study period. Conclusion: The identification of serovars associated with Salmonella bacteremia in Canada is a first step towards understanding differences in pathogenesis and disease presentation.

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The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi

10.1101/2021.09.03.21262852 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kesia da Silva ◽

Arif M Tanmoy ◽

Agila K Pragasam ◽

Junaid Iqbal ◽

Mohammad Saiful Islam Sajib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Prospective Surveillance ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽

Geographic Patterns ◽

And Control

The emergence of increasingly antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) threatens to undermine effective treatment and control. Here, aiming to investigate the temporal and geographic patterns of emergence and spread of AMR S. Typhi, we sequenced 3,489 S. Typhi isolated from prospective surveillance in South Asia and combined these with a global collection of 4,169 S. Typhi genomes. Our analysis revealed that independent acquisition of plasmids and homoplastic mutations conferring AMR have occurred repeatedly in multiple lineages of S. Typhi, predominantly arising in South Asia. We found evidence of frequent international and intercontinental transfers of AMR S. Typhi, followed by rapid expansion and replacement of antimicrobial-susceptible clades.

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Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhi infection: a report of two cases in South Africa

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4102/sajid.v33i2.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 54-56

Author(s):

N. Schellack ◽

E. Bronkhorst ◽

C. Maluleka ◽

L. Hunt ◽

P. Srinivas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Paratyphoid Fever

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are acute, life-threatening febrile illnesses caused by systemic infection with the bacterium Salmonella enterica. Nineteen cases were reported in South Africa in 2016. We report on two cases of bacteraemic invasive S. typhi with fluoroquinolone resistance.

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The Comparison of Widal Slide Examination Results between Tubex TF on Febrile Observation Patients Over 3 Days

Medical Laboratory Technology Journal ◽

10.31964/mltj.v5i1.212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Nosa Ika Cahyariza ◽

Rofiatu Sholihah

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

High Mortality ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽

The Difference

Typhoid fever is systematic bacterial disease usually occurs and has a high mortality rate each year, a disease transmitted from person to person due to contamination of feces, food, and water. The cause is bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) which is a natural host and reservoir for human. The limitations of the diagnostic test led to the increasing mortality rate due to typhoid fever. Besides ensuring infection in individuals, accurate serological tests are needed to ascertain the actual burden of the disease. Serological tests which are usually carried out in Puskesmas and hospital are Widal and Tubex Tf examinations. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in Widal and Tubex TF serological examinations in febrile patients over three days non-typhoid so patients can immediately find out whether they have typhoid fever or not. This study used a laboratory exploration method by examining 24 samples using Widal TYDAL and TUBEX® TF IDL Biotech. As many as 24 samples were examined by widal with antisera O, H, AH, and BH. Twenty-four of the same samples analyzed by TUBEX® TF. Results comparison of diagnostic from both methods will be compared using Mc Nemar test with significance = 0.05. Based on the examination which had done, it showed the difference in the results of Widal slide and lg M Anti Salmonella (Tubex Tf) in patients with febrile observation over three days. So, it can conclude that Tubex Tf examinations were better that widal slide examination because Tubex Tf uses Salmonella typhi anti-O9 antigen which can distinguish these organisms from >99% other Salmonella bacteria serotypes so that Tubex Tf examination is more specific.

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Hirschsprung Disease

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.16.1.5 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

Colin Rudolph ◽

Lee Benaroch

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Bowel Obstruction ◽

Hirschsprung Disease ◽

Mechanical Obstruction ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

The Past ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Life Threatening

In 1886, Harald Hirschsprung first described a disorder in newborns of severe constipation with dilatation and hypertrophy of the colon. No mechanical obstruction could be demonstrated, but there appeared to be an area of spasm that prevented the movement of lumen contents through the sigmoid or rectum. This disorder, termed Hirschsprung disease, later was recognized to be due to an absence of the intramural neural ganglia in the rectum, and provided the first example of an abnormality of intestinal innervation associated with a disorder of gastrointestinal movement. Recent insights into the development of the gastrointestinal neural plexus that provide new clues to the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease are discussed in the first section of this review. Despite continued uncertainty about the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease, surgical treatment approaches have evolved over the past 50 years, and after removal of the abnormal bowel, most affected children lead normal, productive lives. Unfortunately, children who have Hirschsprung disease can develop life-threatening bowel obstruction with perforation or severe diarrhea and sepsis before surgery. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial to preventing these complications, which remain the major cause of serious morbidity and mortality. To assure early diagnosis, this article reviews the clinical presentations of Hirschsprung disease and provides an approach to the differential diagnosis of constipation among infants and children.

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First Case of Typhoid Fever due to Extensively Drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Italy

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9020151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michela Procaccianti ◽

Alice Motta ◽

Stefano Giordani ◽

Sara Riscassi ◽

Battista Guidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

First Case ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Additional Resistance

Typhoid fever is a potentially severe and occasionally life-threatening bacteraemic illness caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). In Pakistan, an outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi cases began in November 2016. We report on a five-year-old boy who contracted enteric fever while travelling in Pakistan and was diagnosed after returning to Italy in September 2019. Blood culture isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that was XDR to all first-line antibiotics, including ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones. Empiric therapy was switched to meropenem, and the patient recovered completely. Whole-genome sequencing showed that this isolate was of haplotype H58. The XDR S. Typhi clone encoded a chromosomally located resistance region and harbored a plasmid encoding additional resistance elements, including the blaCTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase and the qnrS fluoroquinolone resistance gene. This is the first case of typhoid fever due to XDR S. Typhi detected in Italy and one of the first paediatric cases reported outside Pakistan, highlighting the need to be vigilant for future cases. While new vaccines against typhoid are in development, clinicians should consider adapting their empiric approach for patients returning from regions at risk of XDR S. Typhi outbreak with typhoid symptoms.

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