scholarly journals The Comparison of Widal Slide Examination Results between Tubex TF on Febrile Observation Patients Over 3 Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nosa Ika Cahyariza ◽  
Rofiatu Sholihah
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
The Difference

Typhoid fever is systematic bacterial disease usually occurs and has a high mortality rate each year, a disease transmitted from person to person due to contamination of feces, food, and water. The cause is bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) which is a natural host and reservoir for human. The limitations of the diagnostic test led to the increasing mortality rate due to typhoid fever. Besides ensuring infection in individuals, accurate serological tests are needed to ascertain the actual burden of the disease. Serological tests which are usually carried out in Puskesmas and hospital are Widal and Tubex Tf examinations. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in Widal and Tubex TF serological examinations in febrile patients over three days non-typhoid so patients can immediately find out whether they have typhoid fever or not. This study used a laboratory exploration method by examining 24 samples using Widal TYDAL and TUBEX® TF IDL Biotech. As many as 24 samples were examined by widal with antisera O, H, AH, and BH. Twenty-four of the same samples analyzed by TUBEX® TF. Results comparison of diagnostic from both methods will be compared using Mc Nemar test with significance = 0.05. Based on the examination which had done, it showed the difference in the results of Widal slide and lg M Anti Salmonella (Tubex Tf) in patients with febrile observation over three days. So, it can conclude that Tubex Tf examinations were better that widal slide examination because Tubex Tf uses Salmonella typhi anti-O9 antigen which can distinguish these organisms from >99% other Salmonella bacteria serotypes so that Tubex Tf examination is more specific.

scholarly journals Optimizing Real-Time PCR methods for detection of ssaN gene Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica in the blood specimen

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Oktania Sandra Puspita ◽  
Andi Yasmon ◽  
Beti Ernawati Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Blood Specimen

Background Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi is a common acute infection of the reticuloendothelial system, intestinal lymphoid tissue, and gall bladder. Detection of Salmonella spp. is still based on cultures and serological methods.Widal test is one of the serological tests that is still widely used, especially in developing countries including Indonesia.Widal tests have low sensitivity and specificity. They often produce false positive or false negative results.ObjectiveThe aim of this study were i) real time PCR optimization to develop a Salmonella enterica detection system. ii) molecular detection of new target gene (ssaN gene) from blood specimens in typhoid fever patients.Methods An experimental laboratory study was performed from March to October 2016. Extraction of Salmonella typhi DNA is used as templates for the optimization of real time PCR reaction.The blood sample was from patients suspected with typhoid fever obtained from the Menteng Sub-district Health Center according to the inclusion criteria.ResultsSpecificity test of real time PCR showed that the primers and probes used are not cross-react against other microorganisms. Sensitivity test obtained minimal detection is at least 10 cfu/ml of blood specimen. In blood clinical specimens, real time PCR could detect 19 (38%) positive samples of 50 blood specimen from suspected typhoid fever patients. Eleven samples with negative Widal serology gives positive results in real time PCR.ConclusionReal time PCR used in this study can increase the level of rate of positive testing by 22% of the total specimens.Keywords : Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica, typhoid fever, ssaN gene, real time PCR

The malS-5′UTR regulates hisG, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Yan ◽  
Lin Xia ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
George Osei-Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Shine Dalgarno Sequence ◽  
Bax Gene

Bacterial noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) regulate diverse cellular processes, including virulence and environmental fitness. The malS 5′ untranslated region (named malS-5′UTR) was identified as a regulatory ncRNA that increases the invasive capacity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. An IntaRNA search suggested base pairing between malS-5′UTR and hisG mRNA, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression of malS-5′UTR markedly reduced bacterial growth in minimal medium without histidine. Overexpression of malS-5′UTR increased mRNA from his operon genes, independently of the bax gene, and decreased HisG protein in Salmonella Typhi. RNA structure analysis showed base pairing of the malS-5′UTR RNA with the hisG mRNA across the ribosome binding site. Thus, we propose that malS-5′UTR inhibited hisG translation, probably by base pairing to the Shine–Dalgarno sequence.

scholarly journals Highly Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi with a NovelgyrAMutation Raises Questions about the Long-Term Efficacy of Older Fluoroquinolones for Treating Typhoid Fever

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2761-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Deshpande Koirala ◽  
Duy Pham Thanh ◽  
Sudeep Dhoj Thapa ◽  
Amit Arjyal ◽  
Abhilasha Karkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Term Efficacy

ABSTRACTAs a consequence of multidrug resistance, clinicians are highly dependent on fluoroquinolones for treating the serious systemic infection typhoid fever. While reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, which lessens clinical efficacy, is becoming ubiquitous, comprehensive resistance is exceptional. Here we report ofloxacin treatment failure in typhoidal patient infected with a novel, highly fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi. The isolation of this organism has serious implications for the long-term efficacy of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin for typhoid treatment.

scholarly journals Typhoid Fever due to Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: A Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez Ahamed Riyaaz ◽  
Vindya Perera ◽  
Sabaratnam Sivakumaran ◽  
Nelun de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Derivatives Of

Emergence of cephalosporin-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a cause of concern in the management of enteric fever. Cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella species is mainly due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The majority of ESBLs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi are derivatives of the TEM, SHV, and CTX-M β-lactamase families. Of these, CTX-M appears to be predominant. This paper discusses the detection and molecular characterization of an ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain isolated from a patient who was admitted to a private hospital in Sri Lanka. The three main types of β-lactamases such as TEM, SHV, and CTX-M were identified in this isolate. This case report from Sri Lanka contributes to the knowledge of the increasingly reported cases of typhoid fever due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi resistant to β-lactamase by ESBL production.

scholarly journals The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesia da Silva ◽  
Arif M Tanmoy ◽  
Agila K Pragasam ◽  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammad Saiful Islam Sajib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
And Control

The emergence of increasingly antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) threatens to undermine effective treatment and control. Here, aiming to investigate the temporal and geographic patterns of emergence and spread of AMR S. Typhi, we sequenced 3,489 S. Typhi isolated from prospective surveillance in South Asia and combined these with a global collection of 4,169 S. Typhi genomes. Our analysis revealed that independent acquisition of plasmids and homoplastic mutations conferring AMR have occurred repeatedly in multiple lineages of S. Typhi, predominantly arising in South Asia. We found evidence of frequent international and intercontinental transfers of AMR S. Typhi, followed by rapid expansion and replacement of antimicrobial-susceptible clades.

scholarly journals Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srujana Mohanty ◽  
Rajni Gaind ◽  
Rachna Sehgal ◽  
Harish Chellani ◽  
Monorama Deb
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Septicaemia ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Life Threatening

Sepsis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A is rare in neonates. Though described as a mild and unrecognized illness in infants, life-threatening complications and even deaths have been reported. We present five cases of neonatal septicaemia due to S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. The cases were presented because of their interesting clinical presentations and possible modes of transmission. Salmonella infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis neonatorum, especially in endemic areas.

scholarly journals USEFULNESS OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Mohamed Alsafy
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
The Difference

Definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever is made by hemoculture and serological tests, namely Widal test. The present study was conducted to assess the usefulness of Ultrasonography (USG) in diagnosis of typhoid fever. 74 cases of clinically and laboratory confirmed cases of typhoid fever of both genders underwent USG. Out of 74 patients, males were 44 and females were 30. At day 5 on USG, out of 74 patients, 38 had mesenteric lymph nodes enlargement, 52 patients had splenomegaly, 32 had bowel thickening, 24 had Hepatomegaly and 36 had acalculus cholecystitis. At day 10, 20 had MLNs, 40 patients had splenomegaly, 12 had bowel thickening, 9 had hepatomegaly and 14 had acalculus cholecystitis. At day 10, 8 had MLNs, 23 patients had splenomegaly, 1 had bowel thickening and 5 had acalculus cholecystitis. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). USG was useful in assessment of typhoid fever. Most common USG findings were MLNs, splenomegaly, bowel thickening, hepatomegaly and acalculous cholecystitis.

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