Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

BACKGROUND: Nowadays energy drinks are markedly consumed by young people all over the world but till now there were only few literatures that describe their effect on the stomach and small intestine. AIM: The aim of the current study is to highlight the histopathological changes encountered in the stomach and small intestine that are induced by energy drinks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group given only standard diet and distilled water, a group given a low dose of Tiger energy drink (1 ml/100 mg/rat/day), and a group given a high dose of Tiger energy drink (2 ml/100 mg/rat/day). These drinks were given orally via gastric tube for 1 month duration. RESULTS: Histological assessment of different sections of the stomach and small intestine has revealed parietal cell hyperplasia with congestion of gastric mucosal blood vessels, moreover partial loss of intestinal villi with goblet cell hyperplasia was observed in group treated with low dose of Tiger. Increasing the dose of this drink resulted in mononuclear cell infiltration associated with goblet cell metaplasia which could be an early marker for gastric cancer, furthermore complete loss of intestinal villi and degenerative changes of epithelial cells were seen in intestinal sections. These pathological changes seem to be dose related. CONCLUSION: There is a high risk on the rat’s stomach and small intestine in chronic consumers of energy drinks particularly when taken with no limits. Further work is recommended to delineate the exact mechanism of the pathological findings induced by energy drinks.

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Time window-dependent effect of perinatal maternal protein restriction on insulin sensitivity and energy substrate oxidation in adult male offspring

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00015.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

pp. R184-R197 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Aurore Martin Agnoux ◽

Jean-Philippe Antignac ◽

Gilles Simard ◽

Guillaume Poupeau ◽

Dominique Darmaun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Adult Male ◽

Time Window ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Testable Hypothesis ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Standard Diet

Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that a suboptimal environment during perinatal life programs offspring susceptibility to the development of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the lasting impact of perinatal protein deprivation on mitochondrial fuel oxidation and insulin sensitivity would depend on the time window of exposure. To improve our understanding of underlying mechanisms, an integrative approach was used, combining the assessment of insulin sensitivity and untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the offspring. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed in adult male rats born from dams fed a low-protein diet during gestation and/or lactation, and subsequently exposed to a Western diet (WD) for 10 wk. Metabolomics was combined with targeted acylcarnitine profiling and analysis of liver gene expression to identify markers of adaptation to WD that influence the phenotype outcome evaluated by body composition analysis. At adulthood, offspring of protein-restricted dams had impaired insulin secretion when fed a standard diet. Moreover, rats who demonstrated catch-up growth at weaning displayed higher gluconeogenesis and branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and lower fatty acid β-oxidation compared with control rats. Postweaning exposure of intrauterine growth restriction-born rats to a WD exacerbated incomplete fatty acid β-oxidation and excess fat deposition. Control offspring nursed by protein-restricted mothers showed peculiar low-fat accretion through adulthood and preserved insulin sensitivity even after WD-exposure. Altogether, our findings suggest a testable hypothesis about how maternal diet might influence metabolic outcomes (insulin sensitivity) in the next generation such as mitochondrial overload and/or substrate oxidation inflexibility dependent on the time window of perinatal dietary manipulation.

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Low-dose nicotine self-administration is reduced in adult male rats naïve to high doses of nicotine: Implications for nicotine product standards.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1037/a0037396 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 453-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tracy T. Smith ◽

Rachel L. Schassburger ◽

Deanne M. Buffalari ◽

Alan F. Sved ◽

Eric C. Donny

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Low Dose ◽

Male Rats ◽

Self Administration ◽

Product Standards ◽

High Doses

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Low-dose memantine-induced working memory improvement in the allothetic place avoidance alternation task (APAAT) in young adult male rats

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00203 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Malgorzata J. Wesierska ◽

Weronika Duda ◽

Colleen A. Dockery

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Young Adult ◽

Adult Male ◽

Low Dose ◽

Male Rats ◽

Young Adult Male ◽

Memory Improvement ◽

Place Avoidance ◽

Alternation Task

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Low-Dose Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis of Adult Male Rats Pretreated with PCB126

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfm063 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 308-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eva D. McLanahan ◽

Jerry L. Campbell ◽

Duncan C. Ferguson ◽

Barry Harmon ◽

Joan M. Hedge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Perchlorate ◽

Adult Male ◽

Low Dose ◽

Male Rats ◽

Dose Effects ◽

Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽

Thyroid Axis ◽

Low Dose Effects

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Chronic Low Dose Cyclophosphamide Treatment of Adult Male Rats: Effect on Fertility, Pregnancy Outcome and Progeny1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod34.2.275 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 275-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Jacquetta M. Trasler ◽

Barbara F. Hales ◽

Bernard Robaire

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Adult Male ◽

Low Dose ◽

Male Rats ◽

Cyclophosphamide Treatment

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Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Energi Terhadap Kadar Serum Kreatinin Rattus Norvegicus

Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma ◽

10.30742/jikw.v10i1.1045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Budi Santo ◽

Dorta Simamora

Keyword(s):

Serum Creatinine ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Way Anova

The energy drink is a beverage that is increasingly being used by the community with the aim to improve work performance, vitality, and concentration. The energy drink is also suspected to affect kidney function. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of various brands of energy drinks (M1, M2, M3, M4) of the serum creatinine levels in male rats Rattus norvegicus.This is a study with randomized post test only control group design. The study used male rats Rattus norvegicus as many as 25 animals that were divided into 5 groups. The control group, the group P1 = M1 energy drinks, group P2 = M2 energy drinks, group P3 = M3 energy drinks, group P4 = M4 energy drinks. The energy drinks were given as many as 2.5 ml / 200 g weight / day for 1 month. Cardiac blood sampling performed to measure the levels of serum creatinine and then the results were analyzed using One-Way Anova to compare the levels of serum creatinine in each group of this study. Results of One-Way Anova test obtained by sig α = 0.000 which means there is significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. It can be concluded that the administration of energy drinks to the Rattus norvegicus would be altered the kidney function. It is caused by various substances contained in energy drinks such as taurine, sugar, vitamin B, caffeine, and other supplementary materials.

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MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF ALBINO RATS’ SMALL INTESTINE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201905101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 733-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Volodymyr H. Hryn ◽

Yuriy P. Kostylenko ◽

Valentyna P. Bilash ◽

Olena B. Ryabushko

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Histological Study ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Male Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histological Structure ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Intestinal Villi

Introduction: The small intestine of albino rats is a transitive canal between the stomach and the cecum that is closely located from each other, reaches a length of one meter, which in comparison ratio to body weight significantly exceeds the corresponding segment in humans. The aim: The paper is aimed at thorough histological study of the wall and structure of albino rats’ small intestine mucosa. Materials and methods: 30 mature albino male rats were involved into the study. The specimens of albino rats’ small intestine, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, have been studied. The study was carried out using conventional histological methods for obtaining serial paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Epoxy plastination of individual tissue samples of the small intestine was performed. Subsequently, polished thin sections were made, stained with 1% methylene blue and 1% borax solution. The obtained specimens were studied on the “Konus” light microscope equipped with Sigeta DCM-900 9.0MP digital microphoto attachment with the Biorex 3 software adapted for studies of such type. Results and conclusions: For the first time in the practice of histological study of the epithelial covering of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, attention is drawn to the specific pattern of its organization on the intestinal villi. It has been found that epithelial covering consists of alternating cluster epithelial aggregations separated by fissured depressions. Since no mentioning about them has been found in the publication, these cluster aggregations of enterocytes can be called epithelial buds of the intestinal villi. Consequently, it can be concluded that with the exception of some specific morphological features, the small intestine of albino rats is homologous to human one by its histological structure, which means that it can be used as a model for various experimental studies.

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