scholarly journals Anticoagulation ant antiplatеlet therapy in patients with COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Zheyna Cherneva ◽  
Radostina Cherneva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Cardio Vascular

COVID-19 infection is characterized with hyperstimulated infl ammatory response that affects lungs, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thrombotic complications are the leading reason for death in COVID-19 patients. Those of them with previous cardio-vascular diseases or risk factors – obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, advanced age are with higher risk for worse clinical outcome. Coagulopathy as well as thrombocytopathy and endothelial dysfunction are signifi cant pathophysiological factors for the severe clinical course of the infection. Beside anticoagulation therapy, targetеd strategies regarding thrombocytopathy and endothelial dysfunction are necessary for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection. 

scholarly journals The possibilities of medicinal therapy in patients with calcined aortic stenosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Olesya V. Andropova ◽  
L. A Alekseeva ◽  
L. O Minushkina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Bone Metaplasia ◽  
Medicinal Therapy

The calcined aortic stenosis is one of the most frequently occurring cardio-vascular diseases with unfavorable prognosis of treatment. Te actual conceptions of risk factors of development, pathogenesis and course of disease starting from inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and completing with bone metaplasia give an opportunity of determining prospective directions of medicinal therapy favoring deceleration of progressing of calcined aortic stenosis. The review summarizes main data of publications concerning attempts of pathogenetically medicinal impact on progressing of calcined aortic stenosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome as a prothrombogenic state

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
M A Berkovskaya ◽  
S A Butrova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions nowadays. Abdominal obesity is the most unfavorable one, because of its association with the complex of markers and risk factors ofcardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is called metabolic syndrome (MS). MS also increases risk of atherothrombosis because it is characterized by low fibrinolysis and prothrombogenic changes in coagulation and platelet hemostasis. The review highlights the mechanisms of hemostatic disturbances in MS, which eхends our scientific knowledge about pathogenesis of cardio vascular diseases

Association of cardiovascular risk factors with markers of endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged men and women

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
Jens Baumert ◽  
Angela Döring ◽  
Andrea Schneider ◽  
Lloyd Chambless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Men And Women

SummaryEndothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, the causes underlying endothelial dysfunction are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate associations of cardiovascular risk factors with soluble adhesion molecules (sE-Selectin, sICAM-1), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. The study population consisted of a subcohort of 2,168 men and women aged 35 to 74 years randomly drawn from three cross-sectional population-based MONICA/ KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995. In multivariable linear regression analysis, current smoking, high (versus moderate) alcohol consumption, ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with elevated levels of sEselectin and sICAM-1. Increased levels of sE-selectin were also found in subjects with actual hypertension, high body mass index and prevalent diabetes mellitus. In addition, low physical activity and no (versus moderate) alcohol consumption were significantly associated with elevated concentrations of sICAM-1. Levels of sTM were higher in subjects with actual hypertension, no or high amounts of alcohol intake and a high ratio of TC/ HDL-C, but were lower in subjects witha history of myocardial infarction. VWF was significantly associated with CRP only. In conclusion, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 are more strongly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors than sTM and vWF.

An Alternative “Trojan Horse” Hypothesis for COVID-19: Immune Deficiency of IL-10 and SARS-CoV-2 Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Giosuè Balzanelli ◽  
Pietro Distratis ◽  
Sergey K Aityan ◽  
Felice Amatulli ◽  
Orazio Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Cardio Vascular

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a challenge for emergency care units worldwide due to the large numbers of patients, the scarcity of information, the medical resources, and the uncertainty regarding the disease's etiology and pathogenesis. The transmission of the virus and a probable post-pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 will depend on how deep we can understand this disease, the duration of immunity and the degree of cross immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens either bacteria or fungi. Most mortalities have been treated to an atypical pneumonia consisted of a sudden worsening of general condition of the admitted positive COVID-19 patients. The severe thromboembolism often characterized by a violent pulmonary and systemic complications described with a blend of inflammatory-infectious patterns that rapidly shifted into a typical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or into an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that eventually concluded into a multi-organ failure (MOF) and death. The fatality rate reported in our Covid-19 structure, SG Moscati Hospital of Taranto province in Italy, was higher in aged male people with preexisting chronic pulmonary disease (COPD), patients with cancer and preexisting cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). We assumed a different theoretical position to clarify the higher mortality event seen among those patients that was not as obvious as it appeared, we thus offered different pathophysiological picture that could help to newly solutions in therapy and prevention.

The Magnitude and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome among Newborn Admitted To Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Benghazi Medical Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Munera Awad Radwan ◽  
Najia Abdelati El-Mansori ◽  
Mufeda Ali Elfergani ◽  
Mohanad Abdulhadi Lawgali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Hyaline Membrane

Background: Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD)/Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is the most common lung condition affecting premature babies. The inadequate amount of surfactant causes alveoli to collapse when the baby breathes out. It is hard for your baby to re-inflate the collapsed alveoli when he breathes. The lack of surfactant and resulting inflammation is called. Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD)/Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Aim of the Study: To determine the magnitude of Hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome and identify the risk factors and complication among newborn babies in neonatal intensive care unit at Benghazi medical center (BMC). Materials and Methods: Case series study. The study was conducted during the period between March 2017 to March 2018 of HMD cases at Benghazi medical center. A convenient sample of 120 cases diagnosed as HMD. Studied variables include the following; gestational age, birth weight, gender, type of pregnancy and type of delivery also the data for mothers such as (diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia hypothyroidism, receiving of Dexamethasone injection and premature rupture of membrane). Also investigation and treatment and finally the outcomes of babies. Statistical Methods: Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17, analysis of associations was made with application Chi - square test for categorical variables comparison, was applied for test of association P <0.25. P was considered statistically significant if ≤ 0.05. Results: Female gender was predominant (52%). Most of cases of HMD were between 1000 -2000 kg. Among the 120 cases we have (15%) sever HMD and the majority of cases have moderate –to sever Hyaline membrane disease 39 (32.5%) whereas very sever HMD were observed in nearly 27% of cases. The risk factors were history of maternal preeclampsia, maternal diabetes mellitus, prematurity and low birth weight babies and neonatal sepsis, all these were found to be very common risk factors of HMD. Pearson chi-square test p value highly significant of female gender with complications of HMD. Our results observed more than half of babies were died. Conclusion: The risk factors were history of maternal preeclampsia, maternal diabetes mellitus, prematurity and low birth weight babies and neonatal sepsis all these were found to be very common risk factors of HMD. Also we concluded that the cases had premature rupture of membrane, which identified as risk factors of hyaline membrane disease. Furthermore, we concluded that highly significant of female gender with complications of HMD, such as Pneumothorax, bronco pulmonary, dysplasia, intra ventricular hemorrhage and congenital heart diseases were common co- morbidities with respiratory distress syndrome, all these could be have an association with the development of hyaline membrane disease, finally we observed more than half of babies were died this is a warning sign for health services.

Related Risk Factors between Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis and Diabetic Retinopathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqi Guo ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Juan Tang ◽  
Mingxia Dong ◽  
Qianping Wei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Related Risk

Abstract Purpose To analyze the clinical features and related risk factors in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and subclinical atherosclerosis, the micro- and macro-vascular diseases in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A retrospective study of 435 cases of inpatients with newly diagnosed T2DM from 2013–2017, and compare the 2 types of T2DM related vascular complications. Results The macro- and microvascular complications are not rare at this stage. Subclinical atherosclerosis was found in 251 subjects (57.7%), which was higher than that of DR (13.1%). In addition, some cases of subclinical atherosclerosis co-existed with DR, suggesting that DR was related with subclinical atherosclerosis (r=0.098, P=0.041). Older age showed a significant association with both subclinical atherosclerosis and DR. Single factor analysis indicated that dyslipidemia was the common risk factor in DR and subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions It should be paid attention to the screening of both DR and subclinical atherosclerosis in each age group of newly diagnosed T2DM. Except for the control of blood glucose, the control of the dyslipidemia is important in the prevention and treatment of the micro- and macro-vascular diseases.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Review: Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Poredoš
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Circulating Markers ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Von Willebrand

Healthy endothelium plays a central role in cardiovascular control. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is characterized by an imbalance between relaxing and contracting factors, procoagulant and anticoagulant substances, and between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory mediators, may play a particularly significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is closely related to different risk factors of atherosclerosis, and to their intensity and duration. The involvement of risk factors in ED is also supported by results of interventions studies that showed regression of ED with treatment of risk factors. Because risk factors are commonly accompanied by decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide, the common denominator whereby different risk factors cause ED is most probably increased oxidative stress. Endothelial dysfunction may promote atherogenesis through different mechanisms such as increased adherence of monocytes, macrophages, and enhanced permeability of the endothelial layer. Further, ED probably plays an important role in the growth of atherosclerotic lesions and in the development of thrombotic complications in late stages of the disease. Because ED is a key underlying factor in the atherosclerotic process, markers of endothelial abnormalities have been sought. Detection of ED is based on tests of endothelium-dependent vasomotion (dilation capability of peripheral and coronary arteries) and on circulating markers of endothelial function (endothelin-1, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and adhesion molecules). Using these tests it is possible to follow the dose response of harmful effects of risk factors, and the effects of preventive procedures on vessel wall function.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors of Premature Myocardial Infarction: A Case Control Study in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ehtesham ◽  
Ali Akbar Haghdoost ◽  
Seyed Vahid Ahmadi Tabatabaei ◽  
Hooman Bakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Premature Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Control Study

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Although, our knowledge about the factors of cardio vascular diseases (CVD) is relatively acceptable, we have few publications about the risk factors of premature CVD particularly from developing countries such as Iran.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The present study is aimed to assess the risk of the modifiable risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the first cardiac attack of patients classified by age to check which risk factors might have a more significant impact to increase the risk of premature myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> In a case control study, 122 and 266 cases and controls were recruited from one of the main referral centres in Tehran. Cases were those who were hospitalized because of their first myocardial infarction before the ages of 50 and 55 years in males and females respectively, and compared their risk factor profiles with those experienced first MI in higher age. Main independent variables in this study were: the demographic variables, distress, lipid profile, diabetes, smoking, family history of cardio vascular diseases, and physical activity.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The results showed that distress (OR= 3.95), minorities (compare to Fars race) (OR= 3.30), higher education (OR= 1.30), family history of hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.89) significantly increased the risk of premature MI. We also found that family history of hypertension (OR=1.35), current smoking versus no smoking (OR=1.60), fast-food consumption (OR=1.48), non-alcoholic beverages (OR= 1.12) had also association with the risk of premature MI but only in crude model. We also found that regular physical activity (OR=0.42), ex-smoker versus current smoking (OR=0.27) and regular consumption of milk (OR=0.73) was protective against premature MI.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Our findings demonstrate that the effect of most of risk factors were mostly related to their life-style (distress, smoking, physical inactivity and dietary pattern); while family history of diseases was also important.</p>

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