scholarly journals The Cerrado (Brazil) plant cytogenetics database

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Roa ◽  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Heterochromatin Staining ◽  
C Value ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Original Vegetation

Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot that has lost ca. 50% of its original vegetation cover and hosts ca. 11,000 species belonging to 1,423 genera of phanerogams. For a fraction of those species some cytogenetic characteristics like chromosome numbers and C-value were available in databases, while other valuable information such as karyotype formula and banding patterns are missing. In order to integrate and share all cytogenetic information published for Cerrado species, including frequency of cytogenetic attributes and scientometrics aspects, Cerrado plant species were searched in bibliographic sources, including the 50 richest genera (with more than 45 taxa) and 273 genera with only one species in Cerrado. Determination of frequencies and the database website (http://cyto.shinyapps.io/cerrado) were developed in R. Studies were pooled by employed technique and decade, showing a rise in non-conventional cytogenetics since 2000. However, C-value estimation, heterochromatin staining and molecular cytogenetics are still not common for any family. For the richest and best sampled families, the following modal 2n counts were observed: Oxalidaceae 2n = 12, Lythraceae 2n = 30, Sapindaceae 2n = 24, Solanaceae 2n = 24, Cyperaceae 2n = 10, Poaceae 2n = 20, Asteraceae 2n = 18 and Fabaceae 2n = 26. Chromosome number information is available for only 16.1% of species, while there are genome size data for only 1.25%, being lower than the global percentages. In general, genome sizes were small, ranging from 2C = ca. 1.5 to ca. 3.5 pg. Intra-specific 2n number variation and higher 2n counts were mainly related to polyploidy, which relates to the prevalence of even haploid numbers above the mode of 2n in most major plant clades. Several orphan genera with almost no cytogenetic studies for Cerrado were identified. This effort represents a complete diagnosis for cytogenetic attributes of plants of Cerrado.

Tumor Markers and Lung Cancer: Correlation between Serum and Bronchial Secretion Levels of Cea, Tpa, Canag Ca-50, Nse and Ferritin

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Macchia ◽  
Angela Mariano ◽  
Mariarita Cavalcanti ◽  
Anna Coppa ◽  
Ciriaco Cecere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Bronchial Secretion ◽  
Lung Malignancy ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Oat Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

The levels of carcinoembryonic antigeny (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigeny (TPA), CanAg 50, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and ferritin were determined in bronchial secretion and serum of patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases. Simultaneous determination of two or three markers in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be clinically useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer and even for the type of tumor. The positivity of CEA determined simultaneously in serum and in BAL of patients with lung cancer is higher than 80% whereas in patients with benign lung disease it is lower than 40%. The simultaneous assay of TP A in serum and in BAL showed 100% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma, the frequencies of positivity were similar in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. For NSE and CanAg CA-50 patients with oat-cell carinoma showed 100% positivity. Simultaneous assay of ferritin in serum and in BAL gave 85% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma and only 23% in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. We conclude that the simultaneous determination of CEA and CanAg CA-50 or NSE in serum and in BAL is a useful aid in the diagnosis of lung malignancy.

Comparative Cytogenetics in Four Leptodactylus Species (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): Evidence of Inner Chromosomal Diversification in Highly Conserved Karyotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David S. da Silva ◽  
Heriberto F. da Silva Filho ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Edivaldo H.C. de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson J.B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agnor Staining ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Repetitive Dna Elements

With 82 species currently described, the genus <i>Leptodactylus</i> is the most diverse and representative one in the family Leptodactylidae. Concerning chromosomal organization, this genus represents an interesting and underexplored group since data from molecular cytogenetics are incipient, and little is known about the organization and distribution of repetitive DNA elements in the karyotypes. In this sense, this study aimed at providing a comparative analysis in 4 <i>Leptodactylus</i> species (<i>L. macrosternum, L. pentadactylus, L. fuscus,</i> and <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf<i>. podicipinus</i>), combining conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining, C-banding, and AgNOR staining) and mapping of molecular markers (18S rDNA, telomeric and microsatellite probes), to investigate mechanisms underlying their karyotype differentiation process. The results showed that all species had karyotypes with 2n = 22 and FN = 44, except for <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf. <i>podicipinus</i> which presented FN = 36. The 18S rDNA was observed in pair 8 of all analyzed species (corresponding to pair 4 in <i>L. pentadactylus</i>), coinciding with the secondary constrictions and AgNOR staining. FISH with microsatellite DNA probes demonstrated species-specific patterns, as well as an association of these repetitive sequences with constitutive heterochromatin blocks and ribosomal DNA clusters, revealing the dynamics of microsatellites in the genome of the analyzed species. In summary, our data demonstrate an ongoing process of genomic divergence inside species with almost similar karyotype, driven most likely by a series of pericentric inversions, followed by differential accumulation of repetitive sequences.

scholarly journals Predictive factors of endometriosis progression into ovarian cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Varga ◽  
Alžbeta Reviczká ◽  
Hedviga Háková ◽  
Peter Švajdler ◽  
Miroslava Rabajdová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Normal Cytogenetics ◽  
Atypical Endometriosis

Abstract Background In recent years, the endometriosis has overcome a noteworthy renaissance in the recognition of its potential. In certain patients, a demonstrable malignant progression of ectopic foci leading to development of ovarian cancer is seen. The knowledge of endometriosis overthrow background into endometriosis associated ovarian cancer is of paramount importance for selection of patients at risk. The goal of the presented study was to review a malignant potential of the endometriosis and to specify predictive factors of endometriosis progression into ovarian cancer. Altogether 189 patients were included in the study. Conventional cytogenetics as well as measurement of transcriptional activity of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) and HIF1A (HIF1-α) genes were prospectively studied in 60 endometriosis patients and 50 control group patients. The retrospective histopathological analysis was performed in 19 endometriosis associated ovarian cancer patients and 60 patients with histologically confirmed endometriosis. Results Five endometriosis patients showed a deviation from normal cytogenetics finding without affecting of their phenotype. In 6 cases of endometriosis associated ovarian cancer ectopic endometrium was not confirmed. The remaining 13 cases demonstrated either benign or atypical endometriosis or even structures of borderline carcinoma. Atypical endometriosis was histologically confirmed in 20% of 60 endometriosis patients. Determination of gene expression (CTNNB1, HIF1A) formed two subgroups. Transcriptionally incipient endometriosis subgroup with insignificant genes expression compared to control group. In transcriptionally evident endometriosis subgroup were genes expressions significantly higher compared to control group (p < 0.01) as well as transcriptionally incipient endometriosis subgroup (p < 0.05). Conclusions Significant structural abnormalities of chromosomes are not included in genetic rigging of endometriosis patients. Atypical endometriosis represents a histopathologically detectable intermediate of endometriosis progression. Determination of genes expression CTNNB1 and HIF1A helps to allocate risk patients with endometriosis where more precise management is needed.

scholarly journals Contributions of Cytogenetics and Molecular Cytogenetics to the Diagnosis of Adipocytic Tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Adipocytic Tumors ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Well Differentiated

Over the last 20 years, a number of tumor-specific chromosomal translocations and associated fusion genes have been identified for mesenchymal neoplasms including adipocytic tumors. The addition of molecular cytogenetic techniques, especially fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), has further enhanced the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting nonrandom chromosomal translocations and/or other rearrangements in adipocytic tumors. Indeed, most resent molecular cytogenetic analysis has demonstrated a translocation t(11;16)(q13;p13) that produces aC11orf95-MKL2fusion gene in chondroid lipoma. Additionally, it is well recognized that supernumerary ring and/or giant rod chromosomes are characteristic for atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and amplification of 12q13–15 involving theMDM2,CDK4, andCPMgenes is shown by FISH in these tumors. Moreover, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma is characterized by a translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) that fuses theDDIT3andFUSgenes. This paper provides an overview of the role of conventional cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics in the diagnosis of adipocytic tumors.

scholarly journals Application of Veterinary Cytogenetics in Domestic Animals: A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sanusi Yahaya ◽  
Mohd Shahrom Salisi ◽  
Nur Mahiza Md. Isa ◽  
Abd Wahid Haron ◽  
Innocent Damudu Peter
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes; their structure and properties, chromosome behavior during cell division, their influence on traits and factors which cause changes in chromosomes.  Veterinary cytogenetics is the application of cytogenetics to clinical problems that occur in animal production. It has been applied to understand problems such as infertility and its types, embryonic and fetal death, abnormality in sexual and somatic development and hybrid sterility and also prenatal sex determination and other forms of chromosomal abnormalities. These are achieved through conventional and banded karyotyping techniques and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Although conventional techniques are still useful and very widely applied, the nature of cytogenetics has gradually changed as a result of advances achieved in the molecular cytogenetic techniques for example fluorescent in situ hybridization and array-based techniques. These changes are evident in both molecular diagnostics and basic research. The combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetics has given rise to high resolution techniques which have enabled the study of fundamental questions regarding biological processes. It enables the study of inherited syndromes, the mechanisms of tumorigenesis at molecular level, genome organization and the determination of chromosome homologies between species. It allows the ease with which animals are selected in breeding programs and other important aspects of animal production. In this paper we discussed a number of techniques employed in cytogenetics and their methodologies, and recommend where future focus should be for the benefits of animal production.

Analyzing Gastric Lavage of Gastric Cancer Patients: A Prospective Observational Study on Cytopathology and Determination of Intragastric CEA, CA 19.9, CA 72.4, and CA 50

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Virgilio ◽  
Enrico Giarnieri ◽  
Monica Montagnini ◽  
Rosaria D''Urso ◽  
Antonella Proietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Ca 19.9 ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Objectives: To investigate gastric lavage (GL) cytopathology and immunometric analysis as novel clinicopathologic and prognostic parameters for gastric cancer (GC). Study Design: In 38 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, we performed a cytopathologic analysis and an immunometric assay of GL using four tumor markers (CEA, CA 19.9, CA 72.4, and CA 50). The intragastric tumor marker levels were compared with a control group consisting of 41 non-GC patients to determine a statistically significant cutoff value. Results: GL cytopathology demonstrated the presence of cancer cells in 13 (34.2%) of the 38 GC patients: such a finding correlated to the parameters pT and pN with a statistically significant validity (p < 0.0267 and p < 0.0306, respectively). Measurement of intragastric CA 19.9 and CA 50 attained a statistically significant cutoff value (p < 0.002 and p < 0.0096, respectively), which was invalidated by the low sensitivity of the ROC curve analysis. Conclusions: In contrast to determination of its tumor markers, GL cytopathology correlated well with pT and pN staging parameters. Should this and other features be corroborated by future studies, the GL cytology test could be routinely used to detect aggressive types of GC even at early stages and result in important progress in the knowledge, staging, prediction, as well as management and follow-up of this inauspicious type of cancer.

The Determination of CA-50 Antigen in Women with Cervical Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
J. K. Dodd ◽  
R.J.W. Henry ◽  
J.P.P. Tyler ◽  
C.R.S. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Ca 50

scholarly journals The determination of the vitamin C value of ascorbic acid

1933 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mary Key ◽  
Barbara Gwynneth Emily Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
C Value

scholarly journals Tumor markers in pleural effusion caused by bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Plavec ◽  
Momcilo Ninkovic ◽  
Gordana Kozlovacki ◽  
Angel Lazarov ◽  
Vujadin Tatic
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Tuberculosis Pleurisy

Concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbon hydrate antigen (CA) 50 were measured in pleural effusion and sera of 57 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and in 73 patients in whom the effusion was the sequelae of tuberculosis pleurisy. In the group with bronchogenic carcinomas plan cellular was confirmed in 19, micro cellular in 17, macro cellular in 2 and adenocarcinoma in 18, while in 1 patient it was not possible to determine the histopathologic structure. The diagnosis of pleural disease was established upon the cytologic examination of the effusion and histopathologic examination of the pleural sample obtained by blind percutaneous needle biopsy or following pleuroscopy. CEA concentration in the sera of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was significantly higher than in the patients with tuberculosis (p<0.001), with sensitivity of 44% and ideal specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. In the same group highly significant difference of mean values of CEA concentrations in pleural effusion (p<0.001), was also found with sensitivity of 60%, significant specificity of 99% and positive predictive value of 97%. CA 50 concentrations in the sera of patients with lung carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the sera of patients with tuberculosis pleurisy (p<0.05), and the sensitivity was 50%, while the specificity was 94% and positive predictive value was 75%. Significantly higher was also the value in the pleural effusion (p<0.05), but the sensitivity was slightly lower - 40%, but specificity was favorable as well as the positive predictive value (94 and 86%, respectively). The results indicate the significance of the determination of CEA and CA 50 in the sera and pleural effusion in the differentiation of malignant from tuberculosis pleural effusion.

Theoretical and methodological aspects regarding the evaluation of a super-resource product

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Adam Bodayuk
Keyword(s):  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Resource Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Geochemical Method

The subject of the study is the value of geological objects investigated for the needs of defining a number of concepts related to economic and fiscal geology. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the nature of resource-resource fiscalization of subsoil use and methods of estimated calculation of its indicators. Methodology of work – the method of monographic analysis (in determining the cost-resource approach); method of abstract-logical analysis (in defining the system of concepts of economic and fiscal geology); method of generalization (when forming conclusions and suggestions). Methodology of work – method of abstract-logical analysis (in defining the system of concepts of fiscal geology, in particular, fiscal subsoil-resource product); monographic analysis (when using the resource-cost approach), volumetric- geochemical method (to quantify the estimated and prospective resources by the results of geochemical studies); comparison and generalization (when forming conclusions and proposals). Results of work. According to the results of the conducted researches of the essence, content, processes of subsoil use and methods of determining its cost indicators, according to literature sources and official documents, certain fiscal concepts of fiscal geology are substantiated. The essence of resource-based fiscalisation in subsoil use is defined as the conduct of certain studies of subsoil objects, the allocation of subsoil products, the determination of their resource indicators, and the establishment using official and non-official methods of value of these objects.The value-for-money approach to the evaluation of the subsoil resource product (required) is substantiated. This approach first distinguishes the explorable geological object, further distinguishes it from subsoil resources, then provides these products with specific methods of value estimation. These estimates determine the expected sale price of the property, the cost of renting the property, permanent ownership, permanent use, etc., as well as payments to the state treasury. Conclusions and suggestions. Cost and resource fiscalisation is interpreted as the determination of the fiscal value of subsoil resources products, on the basis of which the fiscal payments are calculated. The methodologies for calculating the cost of mining are necessary with certain additions and practical calculations combined into a recommendation document, discuss it, check it in practice, make certain adjustments and officially approve it for use in determining the fiscal value. Keywords: subsoil, minerals, resources, costs, expenses, extraction, payment.

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