scholarly journals Revision of the banding sequence pool and new data on chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of Chironomus agilis Shobanov et Djomin, 1988 (Diptera, Chironomidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-541
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Golygina ◽  
Oksana V. Ermolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Banding Sequence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Populations

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of chromosomal polymorphism in 19 natural populations of Ch. agilis had been performed. Most studied populations showed a medium level of chromosomal polymorphism: on average 45±3.0% of specimens are heterozygotes with 0.52±0.01 heterozygotic inversion per larvae. Besides inversions, B-chromosomes were found in two populations. The total number of banding sequences found in banding sequence pool of Ch. agilis is 16. Three banding sequences – p’agiB3, p’agiD3, p’agiF3 – are described for the first time.

scholarly journals Chromosomal polymorphism in 12 populations of Mikania micrantha (Compositae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane M.D. Maffei ◽  
M.A. Marin-Morales ◽  
P.M. Ruas ◽  
C.F. Ruas ◽  
N.I. Matzenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
The United States ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Chromosomal Differentiation ◽  
First Time

Mikania micrantha is a climbing perennial weed of the family Asteraceae, with a vast distribution from South America to south of the United States. This species is widely distributed throughout Brazil, where it shows little morphological variation. Mitotic chromosomes of 12 populations of M. micrantha derived from several Brazilian sites were studied using Feulgen staining and C-banding. The populations included eight diploid (2n = 36 and 42) and four tetraploid (2n = 72) cytotypes. Chromosome numbers of 2n = 36 and 2n = 42 are reported for the first time for M. micrantha. These populations had a secondary constriction in the middle of the larger arm of chromosome pair 1, following the same pattern described for all Mikania species analyzed so far. Numerical and structural variation of the chromosomes was quite common among the karyotypes and nearly all cytotypes differed from each other in some aspect. Most of the chromosomal differentiation may be attributed to inversions and addition or deletion of DNA fragments. C-banding, applied to three of the 12 populations, also revealed polymorphism in the distribution of heterochromatin. Additionally, one to 14 supernumerary or B-chromosomes were observed. The Bs were detected in six of the 12 populations and varied in size, number, and structure among karyotypes and also among cells of the same root meristem. The B chromosomes were also heterochromatic, showing a C-banding pattern similar to the A chromosomes, and suggesting that they may be derived from the chromosomes of the A complement.

scholarly journals Headspace volatiles isolated from twigs of Picea omorika from Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Biljana Nikolic ◽  
Jovana Ljujic ◽  
Srdjan Bojovic ◽  
Zorica Mitic ◽  
Nemanja Rajcevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Picea Omorika ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The variability of volatiles isolated from twigs by the static headspace (HS) method in seven natural populations of Picea omorika from Serbia was investigated for the first time. In the overall chemical profile, monoterpenes strongly dominated hydrocarbons as the most volatile compounds (95.7%). The dominant compounds were ?-pinene (29.5 %), ?-pinene (25.7%) and myrcene (13.0%), totaling 68.2% of the volatiles on average. The following nine volatiles were found to be present in medium-to-high amounts (0.5-10%): tricyclene, camphene, ?-phellandrene, ?-3-carene, p-cymene, ?-phellandrene, terpinolene, (E)-caryophyllene, and germacrene D. Out of the 78 volatiles detected, the six most abundant (?-pinene, ?-pinene, myrcene, ?-3-carene, ?-phellandrene and camphene) were selected for principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses (CA). PCA revealed a high degree of similarity between populations, while CA showed a degree of separation of two populations from the others. The presented results are in agreement with previous phytochemical and molecular analyses of this species that confirm high variability in both specialized metabolites and genetic markers.

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

scholarly journals Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ya-Li Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
First Time

Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.

scholarly journals High Genetic Differentiation among European White Oak Species (Quercus spp.) at a Dehydrin Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacob CRĂCIUNESC ◽  
Barbara VORNAM ◽  
Ludger LEINEMANN ◽  
Reiner FINKELDEY ◽  
Neculae ȘOFLETEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Dehydrin Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Populations

Dehydryn genes are involved in plant response to environmental stress and may be useful to examine functional diversity in relation to adaptive variation. Recently, a dehydrin gene (DHN3) was isolated in Quercus petraea and showed little differentiation between populations of the same species in an altitudinal transect. In the present study, inter- and intraspecific differentiation patterns in closely related and interfertile oaks were investigated for the first time at the DHN3 locus. A four-oak-species stand (Quercus frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. robur L.) and two populations for each of five white oak species (Q. frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. robur L. and Q. pedunculiflora K. Koch) were analyzed. Three alleles shared by all five oak species were observed. However, only two alleles were present in each population, but with different frequencies according to the species. At population level, all interspecific pairs of populations showed significant differentiation, except for pure Q. robur and Q. pedunculiflora populations. In contrast, no significant differentiation (p > 0.05) was found among conspecific populations. The DHN3 locus proved to be very useful to differentiate Q. frainetto and Q. pubescens from Q. pedunculiflora (FST = 0.914 and 0.660, respectively) and Q. robur (FST = 0.858 and 0.633, respectively). As expected, the lowest level of differentiation was detected between the most closely related species, Q. robur and Q. pedunculiflora (FST = 0.020). Our results suggest that DHN3 can be an important genetic marker for differentiating among European white oak species.

scholarly journals First records of Brachythemis impartita in peninsular Italy (Odonata: Libellulidae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Emanuele Guido Condello ◽  
Edoardo Razzetti ◽  
Cristiano Liuzzi ◽  
Vittoria D’Agostino ◽  
Fabio Mastropasqua
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Northward Expansion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of Brachythemis impartita (Karsch, 1890) are here reported in peninsular Italy. The species was found for the first time in 2015 in Calabria in the area of the Angitola artificial lake (Maierato and Monterosso Calabro municipalities) not far from the Tyrrhenian coast. In 2016 the species was also observed in southern Apulia, along the banks of two artificial lagoons in the municipality of Ugento. Information are provided that confirm the habitat preferences of the species and a northward expansion.

scholarly journals Inversion polymorphism in some natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from central Mexico

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Salceda ◽  
Judith Guzmán ◽  
Olga Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grand Total ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Single Larva

Samples of D. pseudoobscura were taken in seventeen localities in Central Mexico inside the parallels 18o - 20o N, with the purpose of determine the chromosomal polymorphism in the third of the different populations of this species. From each captured female a single larva of its offspring was taken, its salivary glands extracted and stained with a solution of aceto orcein to observe the polytene chromosomes. From these smears the corresponding karyotype of each larva was determined, keeping a record of them. With the information gathered the relative frequency of each one of the fourteen different inversions found was calculated. A grand total of 1894 third chromosomes were analyzed. The fourteen different inversions found are equivalent to a 34.1 % of the total chromosomal variation of the species. The most abundant inversions found were: TL 50.6 %, CU 27.2 5, SC 9.1 % and EP 5.5 %; the remaining ten inversions detected are in general grounds rare ones with variable relative frequencies depending on the locality. Analysis of the predominant inversions for each population was done. The presence of West-East gradients is reported, even if in cases not so well defined, since as one moves in a particular direction the ups and downs in relative frequency for the alternating pairs TL-CU; TL-SC in the western populations and TL-CU in the eastern ones were observed. The assignment of each population to a particular race was also done, and such a way we were able to recognize three different races coexisting in the area of study.

scholarly journals Naturalized Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) complement the resident parasitoid complex of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidopera:Gelechiidae) in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Denis ◽  
JORDI RIUDAVETS ◽  
OSCAR ALOMAR ◽  
NURIA AGUSTI ◽  
HELENA GONZALEZ-VALERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Parasitoid Complex ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Predatory Mirid ◽  
First Time

Our study aimed to assess the contribution of natural parasitism due to Necremnus tutae Ribes & Bernardo (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to the biological control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidopera:Gelechiidae) in commercial plots where an IPM program based on the use of predatory mirid bugs was implemented. During the samplings, the presence of another parasitoid was detected and, therefore, a second part of our study intended to identify this species and to evaluate the importance of its natural populations in the biological control of the pest. Leaflets with T. absoluta galleries were collected during 2017-2020 from commercial tomato plots in the horticultural production area of Catalonia (Northeast Spain), including greenhouses, open fields, and roof covered tunnels that lack side walls. In the laboratory, T. absoluta larvae were classified as ectoparasitized, alive, or dead. Reared parasitoids from ectoparasitized larvae were mostly morphologically identified as Necremnus sp. with parasitism rates that peaked in summer months with values between 9 and 15%. Some of these ectoparasitized larvae also yielded another parasitoid identified as Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) by both morphological and molecular-DNA barcoding methods. In 2020, parasitism rates due to D. gelechiidivoris that increased with season up to 22%. Our work reports for the first time in Europe the presence of the neotropical species D. gelechiidivoris adding this biocontrol agent to the resident parasitoid complex of T. absoluta in Spain.

scholarly journals Second contribution to the knowledge of earthworms (Lumbricidae) in Montenegro

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Spasenija Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
First Time

This paper contains the results of qualitative analysis of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta) in Montenegro, during the period 1997-2003. The research has included natural and cultivated biotopes. The presence of 15 species was established and the habitats, localities and their zoogeographical position are given. In Montenegro we found four species for the first time Dendrobaena jastrebensis, D. vejdovskyi, Octodrilus bretcheri and Lumbricus terrestris. The complete list of earthworm species in Montenegro includes 45 taxa. With respects to the zoogeographic situation of the earthworms in Montenegro, the largest number belongs to endemic (10) and European (10) species. But 8 taxa are south-European, 9 Holarctic, 7 cosmopolitan, and 1 Palearctic. The degree of endemism of the earthworm fauna of Montenegro is quite high, exceeding 22.2%.

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