scholarly journals Rational antimicrobial chemotherapy: assessment of the level of basic knowledge of general practitioners. Final results of the KANT project

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Roman A. Bontsevich ◽  
Anna V. Adonina ◽  
Anna A. Gavrilova ◽  
Yana R. Vovk ◽  
Maxim L. Maximov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Positive Clinical Effect ◽  
Multicenter Survey ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Long Course

Introduction: The irrational use of medicines leads to a decrease in the quality of care, an increase in treatment costs and side effects. In the case of antibacterial drugs, in addition to all the above-mentioned consequences, their improper use can lead to an aggravation of the existing and quite challenging problem of our time – the growth of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the study: to determine the level of basic knowledge of medical specialists in the field of a rational use of antimicrobial drugs (AMD). Materials and methods: The study was based on an analysis of an anonymous multicenter survey in the framework of the KANT project (the full name of the project is “Physicians’ (Students’) Knowledge of Antimicrobials Usage”). It was conducted in 2018–2019 in 10 major centers of Russia. Results and iscussion: According to the results of the study, the respondents showed a low level of knowledge of the rational use of antibacterial drugs. The best results are obtained for questions No.1 (time interval for evaluating the effectiveness of the initial antimicrobial therapy (AMT)), No.2 (rationality and period of AMD change with a positive clinical effect), and No.9 (determining the mode of using the proposed drugs), whereas the worst results were obtained for questions No.3 (determining irrational combinations of AMD), No.4 (determining a situation requiring a long course of AMT), and No.7 (choosing auxiliary drugs for bacterial respiratory infections). Conclusion: The results obtained in the study indicate the need for additional educational activities among health professionals.

scholarly journals Level of senior medical students’ knowledge on antimicrobial therapy: the results of the «KANT» project

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Roman A. Bontsevich ◽  
A.V. Adonina ◽  
A.A. Gavrilova ◽  
G.A. Batisheva ◽  
O.V. Cherenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Multicenter Survey ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Senior Students

Objective. To determine the level of basic knowledge of senior students of medical universities in the rational use of AMP. Materials and Methods. Analysis of an anonymous multicenter survey in the framework of the “KANT” project (the full name of the project is “Physicians’ (Students ’) knowledge in antimicrobials usage”), conducted in 2018–2019 in 6 cities of Russia and Kyrgyzstan. Results. The study revealed a low level of knowledge of senior students in the field of antibiotic therapy and the empirical use of AMP. The best results are shown by students when answering questions “time interval for evaluating the effectiveness of starting antimicrobial therapy”, “rationality and the period of changing AMP with a positive clinical effect”, and “choice of tactics for treating acute tonsillitis/pharyngitis”; the worst – for questions “choice of first-line AMP in the treatment of various infections”, “choice of adjuvant drugs for bacterial infections of the respiratory tract”, and “determination of irrational combinations of AMP”. Conclusions. According to the results of this study, senior students showed a low level of knowledge in the basic issues of the rational use of AMP and the principles of antibiotic therapy in general, which indicates the urgent need for additional educational activities among this category of respondents and an increase in the number of academic hours in the disciplines “Pharmacology” and “Clinical” pharmacology in universities.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistence Prevalence in COVID Area

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Caterina Aurilio ◽  
Pasquale Sansone ◽  
Antonella Paladini ◽  
Manlio Barbarisi ◽  
Francesco Coppolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is often complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome. The new coronavirus outbreak started in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread around the world. The high diffusibility of the virus was the reason for the outbreak of the pandemic viral disease, reaching more than 100 million infected people globally by the first three months of 2021. In the various treatments used up to now, the use of antimicrobial drugs for the management, especially of bacterial co-infections, is very frequent in patients admitted to intensive care. In addition, critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation and other therapeutic procedures often responsible for developing hospital co-infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Co-infections contribute to the increase in the morbidity–mortality of viral respiratory infections. We performed this study to review the recent articles published on the antibiotic bacterial resistance and viruses to predict risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 and to assess the multidrug resistance in patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 area.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens of Generalized Purulent Septic Infections in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
O. A. Noskova ◽  
E. D. Savilov ◽  
N. N. Chemezova ◽  
N. L. Belkova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative

Relevance. Microbiological monitoring in medical organizations is an essential part of ensuring epidemiological safety in the provision of medical care. The study of the sensitivity of pathogens to antibacterial drugs allows us to reasonably approach the prescription of empirical therapy and form a form of antibacterial agents for medical organization. The purpose of the work was to study the species composition of pathogens of generalized purulent septic infections (GPSI) in a children's multidisciplinary hospital and determine their resistance to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. Analysis of microbiological analysis data of material taken from patients with GPSI treated in children's multidisciplinary hospital in the period 2013-2018 was carried out. A total of 572 cultures were studied. Results. It was found that the largest specific gravity in the structure of GPSI was occupied by gram-negative microorganisms, the proportion of which significantly decreased from 73.0% in 2013 to 48.1% in 2018. Gram-positive microorganisms were found in 27.0 ± 8.1% cases, while a significant increase in the proportion of fungi from 5.4 to 30.7% was observed. The antibiotic resistance of the main pathogens has been studied. Among non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria, the highest (p < 0.05) multi-resistivity indicator was found in Acinetobacter baumannii (50.0 ± 6.8%). Enterococcus, having high natural resistance to a number of antibiotic groups, leave the possibility of effective action of the preparation of the group of glycopeptides (vancomycin) against Enterococcus faecium. Conclusions. High pathogens to applied antibacterial preparations is shown. The obtained data make it possible to form an up-to-date form of antimicrobial drugs for use in children's hospitals, to develop measures that inhibit the development of resistance in pathogens of purulent-inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals STUDY OF AWARENESS OF PHARMACY EMPLOYEES IN UKRAINE WITH THE PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Larysa Iakovlieva ◽  
Tetiana Bahlai
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of today's pressing challenges for scientists, healthcare, and pharmaceutical professionals. Pharmacies are often the first point of patient’s contact with the healthcare system, so the pharmacist must be a source of objective information about ABR and provide qualified advice on prescription and over-the-counter medications. The aim: through questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge about antimicrobial drugs of systemic action in pharmacists and pharmacists in Ukraine, as well as to monitor their behavior on the recommendations and release of antimicrobials without a prescription. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted among pharmacy employees from May 1, 2019, to February 11, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions, multiple-choice, and comparison questions. Results showed high self-esteem of knowledge about antibiotics among respondents, but their answers to open questions indicate a lack of knowledge. Most pharmacists are ready to recommend antibacterial drugs for colds and SARS, whooping cough, sore throat with fever, diarrhea. 69 % of respondents believe that a doctor should prescribe antibacterial drugs, but at the same time, 74 % of respondents do not always or never ask for doctor's prescription for antibiotics. Conclusions. We believe that more articles on antibiotic resistance should be published for pharmacists in order to improve their skills. Issues on this issue should be more actively covered in the curriculum and the process of postgraduate education (training). Pharmacists should also be reminded of the possibility of prescribing over-the-counter medicines to help patients with SARS.

scholarly journals Treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Roncevic-Babin ◽  
Jelena Popadic ◽  
Aleksandra Stojadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases of childhood. A preschool child suffers up to 5-7 infections of upper airways during a year. Upper airway infections make 80 - 90% of all respiratory infections. Etiology and treatment In 75% of all cases respiratory infections are of viral etiology, 15% of bacterial and 10% are caused by mycoplasma, rickettsiae, fungi, parasites. The treatment of respiratory infections includes antimicrobial therapy (causal), relief of symptoms (symptomatic) and application of general principles of child treatment. The choice of antimicrobial drug is based on the evidence of agents and their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs, age, patient's condition, previous treatment and possible allergic reactions to the drug. In cases where adequate specimen cannot be obtained for microbiologic tests, when these tests do not reveal the agent, or therapy must start before evidence of the agent is available, we must decide about the therapy, taking in consideration the most frequent agents, and those that would cause the most devastating clinical picture. This therapy can be modified later, according to the isolated agent and its sensitivity to the drug. Considering the incidence and importance of respiratory infections in morbidity and mortality of children, the aim of this article was to present guidelines in treatment of respiratory infections. The main point remains that the treatment should take into consideration the individual patient before all.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical outcomes of episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by SPM-1-producing and non-producing imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique Campos Furtado ◽  
Ana Cristina Gales ◽  
Luciana Baria Perdiz ◽  
Anderson Fernandes Santos ◽  
Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Related Mortality

INTRODUCTION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and exhibits high rates of resistance to several antimicrobial drugs. The carbapenens are usually the drugs of choice against this microorganism. However, the carbapenem resistance has increased among these strains worldwide. The presence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) has been pointed out as a major mechanism of resistance among these strains. No previous study addressed outcomes of respiratory infections caused by these strains. METHODS: Our group sought to analyze the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of patients with VAP caused by imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. A total of 29 clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical variables were similar between the SPM-1-producing and non-SPM-1-producing group. Five (17.2%) isolates were positive for blaSPM-1. No other MBL gene was found. All patients were treated with polymyxin B. The infection-related mortality was 40% and 54.2% for SPM-1-producing and -non-producing isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in epidemiological and clinical outcomes between the two groups.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Clinical Efficacy and Dosage of Intravenous Ciprofloxacin in Patients with Respiratory Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Effective Group ◽  
Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

ABSTRACT - PURPOSE. Infection control is particularly vital in hospitals, and proper use of antimicrobial drugs is one of the most important roles of hospital pharmacists. In this study, we surveyed patients who had been prescribed single-use ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and evaluated the blood concentration of CPFX from the predictive AUC (area under the concentration curve). METHODS. This study was performed retrospectively to 112 adult patients diagnosed as having respiratory infections who had been treated as inpatients with intravenous CPFX for more than 3 days at Toho University Omori Hospital in Tokyo. The predictive AUC of each patient was obtained from the modified formulae reported by Forrest et al. (1993) [1]. The relation between the antimicrobial activity of CPFX and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (Cmax, AUC and AUC/MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)) was studied. RESULTS. Although CPFX is excreted from the kidney, standard treatment with this drug does not take renal function into consideration. Our results indicated that CPFX was effective in less than 50% of the patients who received it. Moreover, the AUC/MIC ratio in both the effective group and the failure group was less than 125 when the clinical target was gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that the clinical use of CPFX for the treatment of infectious diseases does not reach the target AUC/MIC ratio, and that the concentration of CPFX is not within the range to which many pathogens are susceptible in a large proportion of patients. To ensure the effective treatment of patients with infectious diseases and to prevent the development of resistance in bacteria, we recommend therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CPFX in hospitals.

Rational use evaluation of the specialized antibacterial drugs in 2100 inpatients and analysis of intervention effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-421
Author(s):  
LiMing QIAO ◽  
Jing TIAN ◽  
ShengNan YAO ◽  
ShunQuan WU ◽  
JinHong HU
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Rational Use
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