scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens of Generalized Purulent Septic Infections in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
O. A. Noskova ◽  
E. D. Savilov ◽  
N. N. Chemezova ◽  
N. L. Belkova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative

Relevance. Microbiological monitoring in medical organizations is an essential part of ensuring epidemiological safety in the provision of medical care. The study of the sensitivity of pathogens to antibacterial drugs allows us to reasonably approach the prescription of empirical therapy and form a form of antibacterial agents for medical organization. The purpose of the work was to study the species composition of pathogens of generalized purulent septic infections (GPSI) in a children's multidisciplinary hospital and determine their resistance to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. Analysis of microbiological analysis data of material taken from patients with GPSI treated in children's multidisciplinary hospital in the period 2013-2018 was carried out. A total of 572 cultures were studied. Results. It was found that the largest specific gravity in the structure of GPSI was occupied by gram-negative microorganisms, the proportion of which significantly decreased from 73.0% in 2013 to 48.1% in 2018. Gram-positive microorganisms were found in 27.0 ± 8.1% cases, while a significant increase in the proportion of fungi from 5.4 to 30.7% was observed. The antibiotic resistance of the main pathogens has been studied. Among non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria, the highest (p < 0.05) multi-resistivity indicator was found in Acinetobacter baumannii (50.0 ± 6.8%). Enterococcus, having high natural resistance to a number of antibiotic groups, leave the possibility of effective action of the preparation of the group of glycopeptides (vancomycin) against Enterococcus faecium. Conclusions. High pathogens to applied antibacterial preparations is shown. The obtained data make it possible to form an up-to-date form of antimicrobial drugs for use in children's hospitals, to develop measures that inhibit the development of resistance in pathogens of purulent-inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates from patients visiting a private hospital of Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents

Background: Bacteraemia can develop a broad array of complications that may be difficult to recognize initially and can increase morbidity. The study was thus conducted to identify the causative agents of bacteraemia and to assess antibiogram of the isolates among the patients suspected of blood stream infection visiting Everest hospital, New Baneshwor Kathmandu. Methods: Altogether 400 blood cultures were processed during March, 2015 to August, 2015. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) was followed during the processing of the specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with Muller-Hinton agar using the guidelines and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2013). Result: The positivity of blood culture was found to be 48 (12%). Gram negative bacterial were found to be more predominant 27(56.2%) than gram positive bacteria 21(43.7%) in causing bacteraemia. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 15 (31.2%) followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A 10 (20.8%) and Salmonella Typhi 8 (16.6%), E. coli & CoNS 4 (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (6.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae & Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 (4.1%) respectively. All gram-positive isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin followed by Ampicillin (90.42%), Erythromycin (85.71%), Ciprofloxacin (83.33%), Doxycycline (75%) and Cephalexin (70.58%) whereas gram negative isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone followed by Chloramphenicol (92%), Gentamicin (88.8%), Cefixime (85.71%), Ofloxacin (83.3%) and Amoxycillin and Ciprofloxacin (71.3%) Conclusion: The isolation of etiological agents of blood stream infection should be assessed by proper microbiological analysis and it would be helpful for controlling of the outbreaks of resistance strains through effective empirical therapy.

scholarly journals STUDY OF AWARENESS OF PHARMACY EMPLOYEES IN UKRAINE WITH THE PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Larysa Iakovlieva ◽  
Tetiana Bahlai
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of today's pressing challenges for scientists, healthcare, and pharmaceutical professionals. Pharmacies are often the first point of patient’s contact with the healthcare system, so the pharmacist must be a source of objective information about ABR and provide qualified advice on prescription and over-the-counter medications. The aim: through questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge about antimicrobial drugs of systemic action in pharmacists and pharmacists in Ukraine, as well as to monitor their behavior on the recommendations and release of antimicrobials without a prescription. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted among pharmacy employees from May 1, 2019, to February 11, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions, multiple-choice, and comparison questions. Results showed high self-esteem of knowledge about antibiotics among respondents, but their answers to open questions indicate a lack of knowledge. Most pharmacists are ready to recommend antibacterial drugs for colds and SARS, whooping cough, sore throat with fever, diarrhea. 69 % of respondents believe that a doctor should prescribe antibacterial drugs, but at the same time, 74 % of respondents do not always or never ask for doctor's prescription for antibiotics. Conclusions. We believe that more articles on antibiotic resistance should be published for pharmacists in order to improve their skills. Issues on this issue should be more actively covered in the curriculum and the process of postgraduate education (training). Pharmacists should also be reminded of the possibility of prescribing over-the-counter medicines to help patients with SARS.

A strategy of antimicrobial therapy of pelvic inflammatory diseases at antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yu Pestrikova ◽  
Elena A Yurasova ◽  
Igor V Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Relevance. Antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens is an interdisciplinary and interstate problem of major medical and socio-economic importance. If multiresistant microbial flora is detected in patients with acute or chronic forms of pelvic inflammatory diseases alternative antimicrobial combined therapy an advisability should be considered. Current trends of an increase in multiresistant gram-negative infections along with limited range of alternative treatment options dictate a need for further research. Study of alternative antibiotics effectiveness in pelvic inflammatory diseases treatment is necessary for a further development of optimal treatment regimens. Aim. To search for adequate combinations of antimicrobial therapy aimed at antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Materials and methods. To write this review a search for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 2-12 years was conducted. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. Fosfomycin possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The drug is highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, anaerobic bacteria (Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) as well as against gram- positive bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., including S. aureus, S. epidermidis; Streptococcus spp., including Enterococcus faecalis). Conclusions. When multiresistant microbial flora is detected in patients with acute or chronic forms of pelvic inflammatory diseases an advisability of fosfomycin administration should be considered.

Antimicrobial, physico-chemical properties of nitrogen-containing preparations of derivates of menthol, quinoline and phenol

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
V.G. Paliy ◽  
I.G. Paliy ◽  
A.O. Dudar ◽  
D.V. Paliy ◽  
A. V. Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Successful research by scientists of new synthetic substances of various chemical groups contributes to the broadening of the arsenal of antimicrobial drugs for the prevention and treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases. Antimicrobial drugs, as a rule, suppress pathogenic, invasive, adhesive properties and reduce the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics in pathogens of supportive inflammatory diseases; significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment of diseases of infectious origin. The purpose of the study was to study the physicochemical, antimicrobial properties of derivatives of menthol, phenol and quinoline. The results of the study of physicochemical, antimicrobial properties of six chemical compounds of menthol, quinoline, and phenol derivatives using the principle of complex research, in which physicochemical, microbiological methods were used, are presented. There was shown that quaternary ammonium compounds of the menthol derivatives were alike white powders with a molecular weight of 581–693, a melting point of 990 to 1850° C. The chemicals are soluble in water, ethanol. Quinoline preparations have a molecular weight of 687; 756, melting point 178–2000°C; dissolved in ethanol. Compounds of phenol had a molecular weight of 111, 112, a melting point of 1020, 1100°C was soluble in ethanol. It has been established that synthesized substances possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action on Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, Candida albicans. In antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococci no markers of resistance to drugs containing in the molecule menthol, phenol, quinoline were found. In complex physical and chemical systems, it was important to study the coefficient of surface tension of solutions of drugs, which was an important objective physical indicator of the molecular state of various drugs. Distilled water was used as a control. Experiments were performed according to a well-known technique. According to the results of the study, in the control the surface tension of water was it was found to be 55,70 dn/cm2. In an experiment with 0,1% solution of decamethoxin; the drug number 2 was 40,80 dn/cm2 and 38,20 dn/cm2. In derivatives of quinoline (DN, drug № 4), was 39,60 dn/cm2 and 34,50 dn/cm2. Solutions of phenol (preparations №5; №6) were characterized by surface tension 32,40–43,50 dn/cm2. Surface tension of solutions of preparations depended on their chemical structure. The antimicrobial properties of the preparations were determined on the museum and clinical strains of microorganisms, which had typical tynctorial, morphological, and cultural characteristics. For a complete biological characterization in strains of Staphylococci, the formation of coagulase enzymes, lecithovitellase, hemolysins, and mannitol fermentation in anaerobic conditions were studied. At 12 museum and clinical strains of bacteria, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of six drugs, which are derivatives of menthol (DK, №2), quinoline (DN, №4), phenol (preparations №5, №6), have been detected. Derivatives of menthol acted bactericidal to Staphylococci at doses of 0,48-3,9 μg/ml; Quinoline derivatives in the range of 7,8–15,6 μg/ml; derivatives of phenol 31,25–62,5 μg/ml, respectively. Staphylococci were highly resistant to phenol derivatives (31,25–62,5 μg/ml). Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high resistance to quinoline and phenol derivatives (250–500 μg/ml). Summing up the results of determining the antimicrobial action of antiseptics derivatives of menthol, quinoline, it should be emphasized that the drugs have high activity in relation to Staphylococci (0,24–7,8 μg/ml). Phenol derivatives have low bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on Gram-negative bacteria (125–500 μg/ml), which limits their use in medicine.

scholarly journals Ludwig’s Angina: Clinical Profile and Microbiology with Antibiotic Resistance and Sensitivity at Referral Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Saifuddin ◽  
Sahudi Sahudi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Odontogenic Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Objective: To assess the distribution of sex and age, comorbidity factors, etiology, management protocol, isolated organisms, antibiotic resistance and sensitivity. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study based on medical records in 2007 – 2016 and microbiological examination data from 2012 – 2016. Results: The proportion of males was greater than females 1.8 (71): 1 (29). Mean age 41 ±SD 16.99. The most comorbidity diagnoses were type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) 24.5% (27) and the most complications were sepsis 21.8% (24). The most common etiology was odontogenic infection 92%. Patients underwent drainage incisions and were treated with empiric ceftriaxone and metronidazole for an average of 7 days of treatment. Outcomes recovery were 93.7% (102) and were death 5.4% (6). The three most common types of bacteria as the etiology were Enterobacter spp. 32% (9), Streptococcus spp. 25% (7), Staphylococcus spp. 18% (5). Ceftriaxone showed considerable resistance to gram-negative bacteria as well as to gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus spp.). Conclusion: The ratio of male to female was 1.8:1 and odontogenic infection was 92%. DM increases the risk of complications of sepsis and prolongs the day of care. A drainage incision should be performed immediately. Gram negative bacteria were the most common bacteria found. The efficacy of using ceftriaxone as empirical therapy needs to be reviewed.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE ASPECT OF OUTPATIENT SERVICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
ARTEM M. MOROZOV ◽  
◽  
ALEXEY N. SERGEEV ◽  
VICTOR A. KADYKOV ◽  
ELSHAD M. ASKEROV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
The Given

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem that is the main cause of the increase in the number of purulent-inflammatory diseases and postsurgical complications. Aim. The aim of the present study was to monitor antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated in the course of microbiological study in otorhinolaryngological and surgical patients of the outpatient department of a single preventive health institution. Material and methods. A statistical analysis of the results of microbiological studies, excretions of patients undergoing outpatient treatment in surgical and otorhinolaryngological departments of outpatient clinic No1 of the state budget institution «City Clinical Hospital No 7» of Tver is presented. We processed 280 findings of microbiological studies of ear, nose, pharynx and wound surface cultures for 2019. Results and discussion. It was found that the spectrum of dominant microorganism species in 2019 detected during swabbing of surgical and otorhinolaryngological patients treated in the outpatient clinic included gram-negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes microorganisms. Among the microorganisms presented, strains with multiple resistance to the action of antimicrobial drugs were identified. According to the total number of resistant microorganisms it was found that among antibacterial drugs, antibiotics of Aminopenicillin class, including those protected by protease inhibitors, as well as fluoroquinolones of the 2nd generation have the lowest clinical efficacy in the given medical institution. Conclusion. The findings of the present study indicate a rapid rate of spread of resistance genes among nosocomial strains of microorganisms, which necessitates continuous monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity by various specific laboratory methods. The results of laboratory studies should be used when prescribing antibiotic therapy for a particular patient, and the results of this study should be considered when selecting an empirical antibiotic, since they reflect the resistance of the most common pathogens. Key words: antibiotic resistance, antibiotics, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones.

Microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of empyema thoracis in Calabar, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552110328
Author(s):  
CI Nwagboso ◽  
BE Ekeng ◽  
AU Etiuma ◽  
EA Ochang ◽  
JN Eze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Targeted empirical antibiotic therapy based on local microbiology and antibiotic resistance patterns is essential for the treatment of empyema thoracis. Our retrospective review of 105 pleural empyema culture and sensitivity reports aimed at determining the causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Of 105 pleural aspirate samples, 46 (43.8%) were positive on culture. Gram-negative organisms (n = 43) were the predominant isolates, the commonest of which was Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was concluded that empyema thoracis is predominantly caused by Gram-negative organisms in our locality. This should guide protocols on the initiation of empirical therapy.

scholarly journals PBP1a/LpoA but Not PBP1b/LpoB Are Involved in Regulation of the Major β-Lactamase GeneblaAin Shewanella oneidensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3357-3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Yin ◽  
Yiyang Sun ◽  
Yinting Mao ◽  
Miao Jin ◽  
Haichun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class D

ABSTRACTβ-Lactamase production is one of the most important strategies for Gram-negative bacteria to combat β-lactam antibiotics. Studies of the regulation of β-lactamase expression have largely been focused on the class C β-lactamase AmpC, whose induction by β-lactams requires LysR-type regulator AmpR and permease AmpG-dependent peptidoglycan recycling intermediates. InShewanella, which is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance, production of the class D β-lactamase BlaA confers bacteria with natural resistance to many β-lactams. Expression of theblaAgene in the genus representativeShewanella oneidensisis distinct from the AmpC paradigm because of the lack of an AmpR homologue and the presence of an additional AmpG-independent regulatory pathway. In this study, using transposon mutagenesis, we identify proteins that are involved inblaAregulation. Inactivation ofmrcAandlpoA, which encode penicillin binding protein 1a (PBP1a) and its lipoprotein cofactor, LpoA, respectively, drastically enhancesblaAexpression in the absence of β-lactams. Although PBP1b and its cognate, LpoB, also exist inS. oneidensis, their roles inblaAinduction are dispensable. We further show that themrcA-mediatedblaAexpression is independent of AmpG.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Uropathogens Isolated from Female Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Duhok Province, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Naqid ◽  
Nawfal R Hussein ◽  
Amer Balatay ◽  
Kurdistan A Saeed ◽  
Hiba A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. The study of bacterial uropathogens in a local area and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is required to determine empirical therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria, causing urinary infections isolated from female patients in Duhok province, Iraq. Methods: A total of 530 urine samples were collected from females clinically suspected of UTIs over three years between January 2017 and February 2020. The samples were inoculated directly on MacConkey and Blood agar media and then incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37°C. Samples that gave up colony counts of ≥ 105 CFU/mL were considered as positive growth. Purified colonies were identified through standard bacteriological tests, and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 system. Results: Out of 530 urine samples, 450 (84.9%) contained Gram-negative bacteria, while the other 80 (15.1%) harbored Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogenic isolate (58.5%), followed by K. pneumoniae (14.3%), Staphylococcus spp. (8.9%), P. mirabilis (6.6%), E. faecalis (3.2%), and S. agalactiae (3.02%). The majority of Gram-negative uropathogens were resistant to ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime and around 95% were sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. Most Gram-positive isolates showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and erythromycin, and high susceptibility to linezolid, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that E. coli is the predominant pathogen causing UTIs in female patients in Duhok province, Iraq. There were increasing antibiotic resistance rates, particularly to ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone, benzylpenicillin, and erythromycin. Therefore, empirical antibiotic therapy should be based on local sensitivity patterns rather than international guidelines.

scholarly journals Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in problem microorganisms in patients with purulent wounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
S. D. Fedyanin ◽  
V. K. Okulich
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Purulent Wounds ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Bacteriological Laboratory

Objective: to study changes in the resistance of problem microorganisms to antibacterial drugs in patients with purulent wounds. Material and methods. On the basis of a bacteriological laboratory, within 2006-2007 and 2019-2020, 92 and 99 patients with purulent wounds of various locations, respectively, were examined by the standard bacteriological methods. Results. For the past 13 years, significant changes have occurred in the etiological structure of gram-negative problem microorganisms in patients with purulent wounds. Reliably significant increases were found in the share of K. pneumoniae - about 8 times, and A. baumannii - about 9 times. However, the proportion of MRSA has not changed. The most effective drugs for MRSA were vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline - 0 % of resistant isolates; for K. pneumoniae - colistin (0 %), tigecycline (8.33 %); for P. aeruginosа - colistin (0 %), doripenem (45.45 %); for A. baumannii - ampicillin + sulbactam (0 %), colistin (0 %). Conclusions. For infections caused by MRSA , glycopeptides (vancomycin) should be recommended as the drug-of-choice, and the reserve drugs - oxazolidinones (linezolid) and glycylcyclins (tigecycline); K. pneumoniae - colistin and tigecycline; P. aeruginosa - carbapenems (doripenem) and colistin; A.baumannii - penicillins or cephalosporins with sulbactam (ampicillin + sulbactam) and colistin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document