Taxonomic analysis of some forest insects used in the diets in Mexican rural areas: evaluation and perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J.M. Pino Moreno ◽  
A. Ganguly ◽  
H. Reyes-Prado
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Forest Insects

In the present work a taxonomic analysis of Mexican edible forest insects along with their host plants have been reviewed. We have recorded 73 insect species under 26 families and 6 orders, namely: Orthoptera, Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera, with the highest number of species belonging to Coleoptera (19) followed by Hymenoptera (18). Additionally a total of 51 host plant species under 17 families, and their distribution among the different vegetation types also have been presented. The importance of insects in the diet of rural communities has been discussed in the light of different socioeconomic and biological factors. These issues must be addressed and resolved, to carry out the coherent management of edible insects, considering the traditional knowledge that the rural inhabitants possess.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

Cynipidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) fauna of Kazdağı National Park (Turkey)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4802 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
GAMZE KARACA ◽  
YUSUF KATILMIŞ
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Locality Record ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Host Plant Species

Field surveys were carried out to determine the richness of the Cynipidae fauna of Kazdağı National Park, located on the border of Edremit county (Balıkesir province, Turkey). Gall samples of cynipids were collected or photographed on Quercus and Rosa host plants. As a result, 53 cynipid species belonging to 3 different tribes were found or observed in the surveyed area. 14 and 8 species were recorded as new for the Cynipidae fauna of Balıkesir and Çanakkale provinces respectively, including the first locality record of Andricus hystrix Trotter, 1897 for Turkey. In addition, color photos of reared cynipid wasps from their galls and the observed cynipid galls on their host plant species are presented. 

scholarly journals Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Das Neves Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Isabel Protti de Andrade Balbi ◽  
Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Herein, we studied the occurrence of insect galls from natural vegetation around the Itambé Cave, Altinópolis, SP, Brazil. A sampling effort of 7.5 hours resulted in 41 gall morphotypes on 21 host plant species from 14 families. The richest families of host plants in morphotypes were Fabaceae (N = 11), Euphorbiaceae (N = 7), and Malpighiaceae (N = 5). Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (N = 8), Croton floribundus Spreng. (N = 7), Diplopterys pubipetala (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson & C.C. Davis (N = 5), and Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. (N = 4) were the super host plant species. Among the gall makers obtained, cecidomyiids were reared in 81% of cases and Hemiptera (Diaspididae), Hymenoptera (Eurytomidae), Coleoptera (Apion sp./Apionidae), and Lepidoptera in 4.5% of cases, each. The parasitoids belong to the Chalcidoidea superfamily (Hymenoptera). One new species of Camptoneuromyiia (Cecidomyiidae) was found in Smilax oblongifolia Pohl ex Griseb. (Smilacaceae) as inquiline and a new species of Lestodiplosis in Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) was a predator. We also present the first register of Bauhinia holophylla as host plants of Cecidomyiidae, and we expand the occurrence of Rochadiplosis tibouchinae Tavares and Couridiplosis vena to São Paulo State. The results of this paper are a continuation of the description of gall morphotypes from the vegetation in Northeastern São Paulo State, and they also increase knowledge about the diversity of host plant and gall-maker associations in the Neotropical region.

scholarly journals KISARAN INANG DAN DINAMIKA POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) DI PERTANAMAN CABAI MERAH

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Hendrival Hendrival ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Abundant Population

The study of host range and population dynamic of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fiel dswas conducted in Sub-district of Pakem, District of Sleman, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta during dry season of May-October 2009. The study of host plants of B. tabaci from the red chili pepper fields revealed that there were 27 species of host plants belong to 22 genera of 13 families including crops and weeds. The host plants belong to families of Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papilionaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Sterculiaceae. The host plant families of Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae had the most abundant population of B. tabaci. Geminivirus-like symptoms were found in the weeds of A. conyzoides and A. boehmerioides. Population of B. tabaci adults correlated with abundance of host plant species found in the red chili pepper fields. The population of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fields was affected by natural enemy population. Population dynamic of the parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. correlated with population dynamic of the parasitized nymph of B. tabaci. Parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. was potentially good in controlling population of B. tabaci nymph in red chili pepper fields.

Biology and population growth parameters of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on five host plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Nagrare ◽  
Bhausaheb Naikwadi ◽  
Vrushali Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kranthi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
China Rose ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

Abstract The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest of cotton, apart from several other important crops, and poses a serious threat to agricultural economy all over the world. Studies on the biology and population growth parameters of P. solenopsis on the five most preferred host plants, namely cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Malvaceae), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) (Malvaceae), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Solanaceae), congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) (Asteraceae) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) (Malvaceae) were undertaken in the laboratory under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The mean cumulative development time of females was 16.61 days on cotton, 14.16 days on China rose, 14.13 days on okra, 14.00 days on tomato and 13.57 days on congress grass. The longest oviposition period was recorded on cotton (15.20 ± 1.87 days), while it was in the range of 9-10 days in the remaining host plants. Females lived longer (27.40 ± 1.76 days) when reared on cotton, while their life was shortest on tomato (14.60 ± 0.96 days). The highest fecundity was observed on cotton (328.30 ± 23.42), whereas it was found to be in the range 178-212 on the other hosts. The survival frequency from crawler to adult in females was highest on cotton (27.53%), while it was the lowest on tomato (15.87%). The highest net reproductive rate (284.3 females/female/generation), mean length of a generation (31.24 days), and intrinsic rate of increase (0.19 day−1) were recorded on cotton. The finite rate of increase was in the range of 1.18-1.20 (females/female/day) for all the selected host plants. The weekly multiplication rate was highest on China rose and congress grass (3.78), while it was the least on tomato (3.28). The corrected generation time was dissimilar in all the selected host plants, being highest on cotton (31.39 days) and the least on congress grass (27.71 days). The doubling time was shortest on congress grass (3.61 days), while it was longest on tomato (4.11 days). Hence, the host plant species significantly affects population growth of P. solenopsis.

Nodulation speed of Frankia sp. on Alnus glutinosa, Alnus crispa, and Myrica gale

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1292-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Nesme ◽  
Philippe Normand ◽  
Francine M. Tremblay ◽  
Maurice Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Frankia Strain ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Alnus Crispa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

The question of compatibility between actinorhizal host plants and Frankia sp. was addressed using nodulation speed on Alnus spp. seedlings and Myrica gale seedlings. It was found that the speed of nodulation, defined as the mean time taken for the formation of the first prenodule, was a stable phenotype of both the Frankia strains and the host plants and that a distinction between slow-, medium-, and fast-nodulating Frankia strains could be made. The speed of nodulation of a given Frankia strain did not appear to be positively correlated to the original host plant from which isolation was first performed. It was, however, positively correlated with the Frankia strain and with the host plant species used for inoculation. Some optimal host plant – endophyte combinations were thus defined. Pure spore inocula of Frankia and in vitro propagated Alnus glutinosa plantlets were used to confirm that both the host plant and the microbial partners genetically influenced the nodulation process.

Utilisation and trade of edible grasshoppers in the western region of the state of Morelos, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Pino Moreno ◽  
A. García Flores ◽  
S.D. Barreto Sánchez ◽  
E.O. Martínez Luque
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
The Western Region

This article presents a taxonomic analysis of the grasshoppers utilised as food sources in several municipalities of the state of Morelos, Mexico; three families, four genera, and ten species were documented. The representative genus, Sphenarium, consists of seven different species. Various aspects regarding the host plants and collection and trade of these organisms are discussed. In addition, the importance of these organisms as a renewable natural food resource for rural communities in the state of Morelos is discussed.

scholarly journals Community composition of arctic root-associated fungi mirrors host plant phylogeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Botnen ◽  
E Thoen ◽  
P B Eidesen ◽  
A K Krabberød ◽  
H Kauserud
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Plant Phylogeny

ABSTRACT The number of plant species regarded as non-mycorrhizal increases at higher latitudes, and several plant species in the High-Arctic Archipelago Svalbard have been reported as non-mycorrhizal. We used the rRNA ITS2 and 18S gene markers to survey which fungi, as well as other micro-eukaryotes, were associated with roots of 31 arctic plant species not usually regarded as mycorrhizal in Svalbard. We assessed to what degree the root-associated fungi showed any host preference and whether the phylogeny of the plant hosts may mirror the composition of root-associated fungi. Fungal communities were largely structured according to host plant identity and to a less extent by environmental factors. We observed a positive relationship between the phylogenetic distance of host plants and the distance of fungal community composition between samples, indicating that the evolutionary history of the host plants plays a major role for which fungi colonize the plant roots. In contrast to the ITS2 marker, the 18S rRNA gene marker showed that chytrid fungi were prevalently associated with plant roots, together with a wide spectrum of amoeba-like protists and nematodes. Our study confirms that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are present also in arctic environments in low abundance.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Different Localities and Host Plants in Chile

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Basoalto ◽  
Claudio C. Ramírez ◽  
Blas Lavandero ◽  
Luis Devotto ◽  
Tomislav Curkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Host Plant Species

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest introduced to almost all main pome fruit production regions worldwide. This species was detected in Chile during the last decade of the 19th century, and now has a widespread distribution in all major apple-growing regions. We performed an analysis of the genetic variability and structure of codling moth populations in Chile using five microsatellite markers. We sampled the codling moth along the main distribution area in Chile on all its main host-plant species. Low genetic differentiation among the population samples (FST = 0.03) was found, with only slight isolation by distance. According to a Bayesian assignment test (TESS), a group of localities in the coastal mountain range from the Bío-Bío Region formed a distinct genetic cluster. Our results also suggest that the codling moth that invaded the southernmost locality (Aysén Region) had two origins from central Chile and another unknown source. We did not find significant genetic differentiation between codling moth samples from different host-plant species. Our results indicate high genetic exchange among codling moth populations between the different Chilean regions and host plants.

scholarly journals Diplodia and Dothiorella species (Botryosphaeriaceae: Ascomycota) from Uzbekistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-467
Author(s):  
Yusufjon Gafforov ◽  
Davron Rakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Significant Data

The first and really only significant data on Botryosphaeriaceae mycobiota from the arid and semi-arid region of Uzbekistan are presented. This study reports 27 species of Diplodia-like fungi (Botryosphaeriaceae) from the study area; nine species are newly reported for Uzbekistan. Most species of Diplodia and Dothiorella were found on host plants of the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Salicaceae. An annotated list of Diplodia-like species is given, including their host plant species, notes on taxonomy, ecology, and geographical distributions. A geo-referenced distribution map is included.

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