Evaluation of Resistance of Cotton Strains to Anthonomus Grandis Grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under Different Levels of Pest Management

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
R. B. Chalfant ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Method of Assessing Environmental Stress in Two Predatory Carabid Species within Mediterranean Agroecosystems

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Lara Ivanković Tatalović ◽  
Barbara Anđelić ◽  
Mišel Jelić ◽  
Tomislav Kos ◽  
Hugo A. Benítez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Development Stability ◽  
Different Levels

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is used in assessing the effect of environmental stress on the development stability of individuals by measuring small random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry. Here, we checked for FA on two predatory carabid beetles, Pterostichus melas and Poecilus koyi, in order to evaluate species response to agricultural practices within Mediterranean agroecosystems, as well as FA as a method. The samples were collected in vineyards and olive groves, both under integrated pest management (IPM) and ecological pest management (EPM), and in pristine habitats in the Mediterranean region of Croatia. Geometric morphometrics (GMMs) were used to analyze the pronotum and abdomen shape variations and left–right asymmetries of each population. In respect to the FA measurements, analyzed species responded differently, with P. koyi displaying a lower intensity of FA than P. melas. On the other hand, P. melas beetles from vineyards showed a higher intensity of FA compared with populations from pristine habitats and olive groves. Accordingly, FA pointed out olive groves as potentially less adverse habitats to predatory carabids, keeping in mind the different levels of asymmetry between the two species. Our study singled out P.melas as a more suitable species for further research, in the effect that different agricultural practices can have their impact on non-target invertebrates analyzed by measuring the FA.

Susceptibility of different developmental stages of Trichogramma parasitoids to insecticides commonly used in the Mediterranean olive agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. G. Milonas ◽  
G. Partsinevelos ◽  
A. Kapranas
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Insecticide application and augmentative parasitoid releases are often considered incompatible. However, pesticide applications and parasitoid releases can be integrated into a pest management scheme if there is careful time scheduling of these interventions. In this study, we assessed the influence of commonly used insecticides (chlorpyrifos-methyl, deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, thiamethoxam) in olive agroecosystems to two currently present Trichogramma parasitoids in the Mediterranean basin. Exposure to insecticides in relation to parasitoid's development was also tested. Both, insecticide type and application time influenced parasitism and the emergence rates of the two parasitoid species. Chlorpyrifos-methyl had the strongest impact on parasitoids resulting in low numbers of emerged adults followed by deltamethrin. The two parasitoids also exhibited different levels of susceptibility to the insecticides used. Potential integration of insecticides to integrated pest management using Trichogramma parasitoids is discussed.

scholarly journals Botanicals Against Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions: A Survey of Alternatives for Controlling Pest Mites

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Rincón ◽  
Daniel Rodríguez ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Different Levels

Tetranychus urticae Koch is a phytophagous mite capable of altering the physiological processes of plants, causing damages estimated at USD$ 4500 per hectare, corresponding to approximately 30% of the total cost of pesticides used in some important crops. Several tools are used in the management of this pest, with chemical control being the most frequently exploited. Nevertheless, the use of chemically synthesized acaricides brings a number of disadvantages, such as the development of resistance by the pest, hormolygosis, incompatibility with natural predators, phytotoxicity, environmental pollution, and risks to human health. In that sense, the continuous search for botanical pesticides arises as a complementary alternative in the control of T. urticae Koch. Although a lot of information is unknown about its mechanisms of action and composition, there are multiple experiments in lab conditions that have been performed to determine the toxic effects of botanicals on this mite. Among the most studied botanical families for this purpose are plants from the Lamiaceae, the Asteraceae, the Myrtaceae, and the Apiaceae taxons. These are particularly abundant and exhibit several results at different levels; therefore, many of them can be considered as promising elements to be included into integrated pest management for controlling T. urticae.

scholarly journals Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Justin George ◽  
James P. Glover ◽  
Jeffrey Gore ◽  
Whitney D. Crow ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Row Crops

The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), (Hemiptera: Miridae) is considered the most damaging pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern United States, although it is established throughout the United States, southern Canada, and northern Mexico. The introduction of transgenic crops for the control of moths in the Heliothine complex and eradication of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, from much of the United States led to greatly reduced pesticide use in cotton fields, which allowed L. lineolaris to emerge as a new primary pest of cotton in the mid-southern United States. Since the publication of a review by Layton (2000) on damage caused by Lygus lineolaris, many new studies have been published on the changes in host range, population dynamics, sampling methods and thresholds, cultural practices, sex pheromones and attractant blends, novel pesticides and insecticide resistance mechanisms, olfactory and feeding behaviors, introduction of biological control agents, host-plant resistance mechanisms, and new molecular and genetic tools for integrated pest management of Lygus species in cotton and other important crops. Here, we review and discuss the latest developments in L. lineolaris research in the last two decades.

scholarly journals Multiple Factors Mediate Insecticide Toxicity To A Key Predator For Cotton Insect Pest Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denner Manthay Potin ◽  
Anderson Vinnicius Arruda Machado ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa ◽  
Jorge Braz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Insecticide Selectivity

Abstract Mortality of agricultural pests caused by arthropod predators is a valuable ecosystem service for crop production. The earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas), attacks different pest species in various crop ecosystems, including larvae and pupae of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boh.). Despite such biological control, cotton pest management remains heavily dependent on synthetic insecticides. In this study, multiple factors were assessed to measure the selectivity of insecticides used against sap-sucking and chewing cotton pests for two E. annulipes populations. Nymphs and adults of E. annulipes were exposed to the insecticides in two ways: ingestion of contaminated prey, and contact with dried residues on either inert surfaces or treated plants bearing prey. Pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram had little effect on the predator regardless the tested earwig population, life stage, or the route of exposure. Cyantraniliprole affected the predator in some life stages and through some types of contact. Pyriproxyfen was harmless to adult earwigs, but prevented normal development of nymphs to adults. Chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and malathion were harmful to the predator regardless earwig life stage or method of exposure. The negative impact was diminished when exposure occurred on plants with predator allowed to shelter in the soil. The results indicate that insecticide selectivity outcome is a multi-factor driven by the insecticide, predator life stage and the redator’s behavior. Therefore, testing different predator life stages via several routes of exposure, without denying the insect the opportunity to engage in its normal behaviors can provide better estimates of insecticide selectivity.

Resilient Farmers

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Gordon Conway ◽  
Ousmane Badiane ◽  
Katrin Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Bounce Back ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter considers resilience. In the context of this chapter, resilience is the capacity of an agricultural value chain and its elements to withstand or recover from stresses and shocks and thus bounce back to the previous level of growth and development. Resilience can be strengthened in many ways and at different levels in the value chain through political, economic, sociological, and technological interventions. The chapter shows that there are solutions that combine a range of sustainable inputs, including organic technologies and limited amounts of selective synthetic inputs, combined in an integrated fashion appropriate to the local conditions. These include integrated pest management, integrated soil management, and climate-smart agriculture. Higher up the value chain are technologies for resilient storage and resilient markets. An opportunity also exists for businesses to invest in resilience technologies. African smallholders are businesspeople capable, at least potentially, of making profitable returns from their smallholdings.

scholarly journals Economic Risk Efficiency of Boll Weevil Eradication

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip I. Szmedra ◽  
Ronald W. McClendon ◽  
Michael E. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Program Cost

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the economic risk efficiency of implementing a boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis [Boheman]) eradication (BWE) program in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing regions of the Mississippi Delta. Alternative producer pest management practices and program cost sharing were incorporated into a biophysical cotton simulation model. Participation in a BWE program along with strict adherence to Cooperative Extension Service pest management guidelines proved to be the risk efficient practice.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

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