The Effects of Thyme Tea Supplement on Free Radicals Formation and Antioxidant System of Elite Wrestlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-440
Author(s):  
C. Berkan Alpay ◽  
Serkan Hazar ◽  
Kadir Gokdemir ◽  
Nevin Atalay Guzel ◽  
Aymelek Gonenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant System

scholarly journals Activities of Some Antioxidant Enzymes in Some Tissues of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxic Albino Rats Treated with Anacardium Occidentale Stem Bark Aqueous Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip O. Amira ◽  
Adebayo S. Daramola ◽  
Mike O. Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wide Range

Liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates, which has a wide range of functions including aiding of digestion, detoxification and protein biosynthesis. But the ability of the liver to perform these functions can be compromised by numerous substances it is daily exposed to, including certain medicinal agents which when taken in over doses. Liver damage, just like many other diseased conditions can lead to oxidative stress, especially when the body’s antioxidant system is overwhelmed by the free radicals thus generated. A major component of this antioxidant system are the natural antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase manufactured in the body, which provide an important defense against free radicals usually generated in diseased conditions. Most synthetic anti-hepatotoxicity drugs available present serious side effects and are generally out of reach of the common man. Consequently, the effect of administration of aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in some tissues of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxic rats was investigated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, liver, kidney and heart of the hepatotoxic rats. However, treatment of hepatotoxic rats with aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, liver, kidney and heart of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxic rats.

scholarly journals Modulations in Oxidative Stress of Erythrocytes during Bacterial and Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vani Rajashekaraiah ◽  
Carl Hsieh ◽  
Masannagari Pallavi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Biomechanical Changes ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidative Insult

Oxidative stress (OS) occurs when the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. OS causes storage lesions which can be defined as a series of biochemical and biomechanical changes. Erythrocytes are constantly exposed to OS due to the presence of ROS, which are countered by the endogenous antioxidant system. Various irreversible changes that occur include fragmentation and aggregation of proteins and lipids. The changes in proteins, lipids and antioxidant capacity are used as OS biomarkers to assess the efficacy of the erythrocytes, post oxidative insult. Aging of erythrocytes is also associated with the changes in its physical, biochemical and physiological properties and OS causes its rapid aging. Bacterial and viral infections also cause OS which alters the erythrocytes’ antioxidant capacity. These modulations in its microenvironment are both beneficial in terms of protection against invading microorganisms as well as harmful to the erythrocytes, causing damage to surrounding cells and tissues. Thus, OS biomarkers can be used to gain insights into the effects of bacterial and viral infections on the erythrocyte microenvironment.

scholarly journals Vitamin E in Human Skin: Functionality and Topical Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudineia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto ◽  
Tércio Elyan Azevedo Martins ◽  
Renata Miliani Martinez ◽  
Thamires Batello Freire ◽  
Maria Valéria Robles Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Topical Formulations ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Vitamins are part of the antioxidant system of human skin, and are detectable in different layers, so the topical application can be an alternative to maintain the functionality of the system. The capacity of the antioxidant gradient of keratinocytes is associated with attenuation of the action of related free radicals in both esthetics and health. These problems arise from extrinsic aging and are related to the risk of cancer. Vitamin E has been proven to have antioxidant and moisturizing properties in the skin and can protect against the damage of UVB radiation, with emphasis on the reduction of acute erythema and photoaging. The choice for the use of topical vitamin E, compared to the oral is given by the safety as mild irritation and it has potential for multifunctional topical formulations. The purpose of the chapter is to review the topical use of formulations with vitamin E, addressing the development, safe use and evaluation of effectiveness.

scholarly journals Implication of Oxidative Stress in Small Intestine Disorders, Constipation and Diarrhea: A Mini Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka�s Rtibi ◽  
Mohamed Amri ◽  
Hichem Sebai ◽  
Lamjed Marzouki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Intestinal Peristalsis

Diarrhea pathophysiology and constipation are multifactorial gastrointestinal (GI) disorders characterized by intestinal peristalsis disruption of and an irregularity in secretion/absorption process. Oxidative stress, as an imbalance in prooxidants/antioxidants, has recently been recognized as a significant player in these GI disturbances. In this respect, numerous studies were performed and have shown that the deleterious effects on GI tract were accompanied by accumulation of oxidants and depletion of antioxidant system. Antioxidant remedy is necessary in scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species preventing oxidative stress-induced GI interruptions.

scholarly journals Role of NAD+—Modulated Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Mechanisms of Acute Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Nina Klimova ◽  
Adam Fearnow ◽  
Tibor Kristian
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radical Generation ◽  
Radical Generation

It is commonly accepted that mitochondria represent a major source of free radicals following acute brain injury or during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells are determined by two opposing mechanisms—the one that produces free radicals and the cellular antioxidant system that eliminates ROS. Thus, the balance between the rate of ROS production and the efficiency of the cellular detoxification process determines the levels of harmful reactive oxygen species. Consequently, increase in free radical levels can be a result of higher rates of ROS production or due to the inhibition of the enzymes that participate in the antioxidant mechanisms. The enzymes’ activity can be modulated by post-translational modifications that are commonly altered under pathologic conditions. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms of mitochondrial free radical production following ischemic insult, mechanisms that protect mitochondria against free radical damage, and the impact of post-ischemic nicotinamide adenine mononucleotide (NAD+) catabolism on mitochondrial protein acetylation that affects ROS generation and mitochondrial dynamics. We propose a mechanism of mitochondrial free radical generation due to a compromised mitochondrial antioxidant system caused by intra-mitochondrial NAD+ depletion. Finally, the interplay between different mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS generation and potential therapeutic approaches are reviewed.

scholarly journals Synthesis and primary screening of the antioxidant activity of some 4-thioxo- and 4-imino- thiazolidin-2-ones

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Z. І. Сhulovska ◽  
І. V. Drapak ◽  
T. I. Chaban ◽  
V. S. Matiychuk ◽  
I. G. Chaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Derivatives Of

As a result of metabolic transformations of substances in the human body in the reactions of lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species are formed. Normally, the regulation of the production of activated oxygen metabolites and free radicals in human tissues and organs is carried out by the antioxidant system. Despite its high efficiency, antioxidant system it is not always to protect the human body from the development of oxidative stress. Thiazolidinones are among the most intensively studied heterocyclic systems, since they possess a wide spectrum of biological activity. Based on the above, the synthesis of some 4-thioxo- and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-ones and the study of their antioxidant activity is an topical direction. The aim of our work was to synthesize some C5 substituted derivatives of 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-one, as well as to conduct a primary screening of their antioxidant activity. The objects of study were C5 substituted 4-thioxo- and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-ones. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the data of elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was studied in vitro, determining the decrease in the concentration of free radicals. The synthesis of 12 derivatives of 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-one was carried out. These substances are obtained by structural modification  to the C5 position of the base scaffolds. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was measured in vitro by the method of scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. As a result of screening, 2 highly active compounds with a pronounced antioxidant effect were identified. As a result of structural modification of the basic scafolds, 12 corresponding C5 substituted thiazolidinones were obtained. During the primary pharmacological screening of antioxidant activity, 2 substances with a pronounced antioxidant effect were isolated. Further optimization of the structure is currently in progress.

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