scholarly journals Reducing the infectious diseases burden through “life course approach vaccination” in India—a perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohd Saleem ◽  
◽  
Sudip Bhattacharya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Continuous Chain

<abstract> <p>The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases is increasing day by day across all age groups. However as per the universal immunization programme, we vaccinate only under-fives and antenatal mothers, a large portion of the vulnerable population remain unvaccinated and the concept of “life course approach” regarding vaccination is missing. It increases the overall burden to the already constrained Indian health care system. As India, now has become the largest manufacturer of multiple vaccines, we have continuous chain healthcare points (primary-tertiary level), with dedicated manpower in the public health sector that is why in this paper we are proposing to expand the horizon of the vaccination process using a “life course approach”. It will not only directly benefit the vulnerable populations (individual level), but also it can benefit the nation, indirectly. Although we may face challenges at multiple phases (conception to implementation), they can be overcome by multisectoral and multipronged innovations.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Reflections on life-course vaccination: the England experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Since the introduction of the expanded programme on immunization in the 1970s, vaccination has evolved from being an intervention of early infancy to being a programme targeting individuals at all stages of life including birth, infancy, childhood, teenage years, pregnancy and adulthood. The UK has been at the forefront of this lifelong approach to vaccination and has introduced vaccines at all stages of life in its national schedule, including vaccination against hepatitis B at birth, Meningococcal disease group B in infancy, influenza in primary school years, Meningococcal disease groups A, C, W and Y in teenage years, pertussis in pregnancy and shingles in older adults. Based on a range of studies conducted by Public Health England, This session will reflect on some of the challenges brought on by the life course approach in the UK including issues of access in different age groups, choosing the right age and settings for vaccinations, age-specific attitudes to vaccination and subsequent communication strategies, and challenges with monitoring a life-course programme.

History, Child Removal, and Youth Justice Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Godfrey ◽  
Pam Cox ◽  
Heather Shore ◽  
Zoe Alker
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Public Value ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early English

Chapter 9 starts by summarizing the findings of the current study. Young Criminal Lives is the first study of its kind to use a life course approach to ask whether the early English youth justice system ‘worked’. Within that, it has focused on whether child removal to an institution ‘worked’. The chapter then considers the youth justice system in England and Wales today, which is overseen by the Youth Justice Board. There is then discussion of what can be learned from aspects of the Victorian and Edwardian regimes, and what is no longer possible or acceptable in current conditions. The chapter concludes that Victorian liberalism believed in the public value of ‘the social’ whereas neo-liberalism seeks to segment and monetize it. In the authors’ view, this runs counter to the nurturing of an ethic of care which, as Young Criminal Lives has shown, can never be fully commodified.

Heat, heatwaves and cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in Helsinki, Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sohail ◽  
P Tiittanen ◽  
V Kollanus ◽  
T Lanki
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Finnish Meteorological Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
National Hospital Discharge Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Summer Time

Abstract Background There is a lack of knowledge concerning the effects of heat on morbidity in Northern Europe. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationships of daily summer-time temperature and heatwaves with cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in Helsinki, Finland. Methods Time-series models adjusted for potential confounders such as air pollution were used to investigate the associations of daily temperature and heatwaves with cause-specific cardiorespiratory hospital admissions, during the summer months of 2000-2017. Daily number of hospitalizations was obtained from the national hospital discharge register, weather information from the Finnish meteorological institute. Results Heatwave-days were associated with an increased risk of pneumonia (RR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.04-1.31), any respiratory disease in some age groups, and myocardial infarction (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12-2.12) among person 65-74 years of age. In addition, high effect estimates were observed for many types of cardiorespiratory diseases in association with heatwaves in some age-groups. In contrast, risk of arrhythmia was decreased during heatwaves (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.93). Conclusions We found no associations and even protective associations between daily mean temperature and cardiorespiratory hospital admissions. However, our results suggest that heatwaves are a serious health threat affecting the morbidity even in the Northern climate Key messages Heatwaves are associated with increased risk of cardio-respiratory hospital admissions. There is a need to adapt to climate change in the public health sector also in Northern Europe to protect vulnerable population groups.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Health Communication: Key Moderators of Message Framing

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-58
Author(s):  
Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs ◽  
Jeanette Altarriba ◽  
Ahmed Masrai
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Outcome Severity ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Objective. Earlier studies on message framing in the health sector have often focused on the effectiveness of framing in terms of behaviour change and decision making. Much less attention has been paid to the influence of message framing on the emotional responses of the recipients. This neglected aspect is extremely important particularly at times of crises because health care professionals wish to persuade the public to comply with their health advice without causing unnecessary anxiety. The current study examined the effect of message framing on the affect of Arabic-speaking Saudi nationals and residents of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 lockdown. The effect of message outcome/severity and the recipients’ age/levels of depression and anxiety was also investigated. Materials & methods. A total of 348 participants of three age groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1983), and rated the positivity of 48 COVID-19 health messages of different framing along a 6-point Likert scale. Results. The results showed a strong effect of message framing and severity and the recipients’ age on the recipients’ emotional responses. A limited influence for message outcome was also noted. Conclusions. It is recommended to use gain-framed health messages to the public in order to avoid anxiety and maintain their positive affect. This is particularly recommended with younger adults whose affect gets negatively impacted by loss-framed messages quite easily. Loss-framed messages are recommended for in severe situations that have desirable outcomes.

Corrupt Practices in the Public Health Sector: A Focus on Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
The Government

Corruption is pervasive in Nigeria at all levels. Thus, despite recent gains in healthcare provision, the health sector faces numerous corruption related challenges. This study aims at examining areas of corruption in the health sector with specific focus on its types and nature. A sample size of 480 respondents aged 18 years and above was drawn from the eight Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, using the multistage sampling technique. The results revealed evidence of corrupt practices including those related to unnecessary-absenteeism, diversion of patients from the public health facilities to the private sector, diverting money meant for the purchase of equipment, fuel and diesel, bribery, stealing of medications, fraud, misappropriation of medications and unjustifiable reimbursement claims. In order to resolve the problem of corrupt practices in the healthcare sector, the study recommended the need for enforcement of appropriate code of ethics guiding the conduct of the health professionals, adoption of anti-corruption strategies, and strengthening the government monitoring system to check corruption in public health sector in order to ensure equitable access to healthcare services among the under-privileged people in the society.

Pharmacist for a Healthy India – Swasth Bharath

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3151-3154
Author(s):  
G. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pharmacy Council ◽  
Global Player

India has emerged as a global player for pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceutical revolution of 1970-90 of Indian Pharma Industry had demonstrated that India could be self-sufficient in the manufacture of essential drugs at affordable prices. The turnover of Indian Pharmaceutical is over $30 billion in 2015 including $15 billion in exports.  It was a great honor to preside the 67th Indian pharmaceutical congress held in Mysore. The topic of Pharmacists for a Healthy India is close to my heart and being a regulator myself, I feel that the Pharmacy fraternity can play a much larger role in contributing to the healthcare system in India. Pharmacist as such are involved in a big way in the regulation of drugs, be it manufacture, be it sale or research and development. A contribution of the Pharmacists is there at every stage till the drug reaches the consumer safely. For this purpose, the society needs a pool of well qualified and experienced pharmacists, which requires regular updating of their knowledge to keep pace with the developments taking place in the pharmaceutical sector. The advancements in technology and the emerging challenges in the health sector require pharmacists to shoulder the responsibilities towards the utilization of scientific knowledge in the use of modern medicines and the protection of the public against dangers of wrong use of drugs. The Pharmacy Council of India on its part will have to ensure that the courses offered for creating a high technology based are calibrated in such a way that the education and skills developed suit to the requirements of the Pharmaceutical Industry as well as needs to the patients

Water Pollution and Its Impact on Environment of Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thyagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Micro Organisms

The present seminar paper mainly highlight  the concept of  water pollution, causes of water pollution,  Its Effects, Elements of  pollutants, Methods  used to prevent the water pollution in environment  and the mandatory initiatives taken by the concerned authorities for prevention of  water pollution. Water   is essential for survival of all living organisms on the earth. Thus for human beings and plants to survive on land, water should be easily accessible. The term “Pollution” is generally refers to addition of any foreign body either living or non – living or deletion of anything that naturally exists. The basic Sources of Water pollution causes due to Culmination into lakes, rivers, ponds, seas, oceans etc. Domestic drainage and sanitary waste, Industrial drainage and sewage, Industrial waste from factories, Dumping of domestic garbage, Immersion of Idols made of plaster of Paris, Excess use of Insecticides , pesticides, fungicides, Chemical fertilizers, Soil erosion during heavy rains and floods, Natural disasters, tsunami etc. General pollutants  which are also caused for water pollution  which include Organic, Inorganic, and Biological entities, Insecticides, Pesticides, Disinfectants ,Detergents, Industrial solvents, Acids, Ammonia fertilizers, heavy metals, Harmful bacteria, Virus, Micro –Organisms and worms, Toxic chemicals. Agricultural lands become infertile and thereby production also drops, Spread of epidemic diseases like Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid, Diarrhea, Hepatitis, Jaundice etc. The  basic responsibility of the Government, NGOs, National Pioneer scientific Research Institutions may conduct  research oriented programs on control of water pollution by create  awareness among the public through mass media and Environmental Education on recycling units,  and  water treatment plants must be established both at domestic levels and Industry levels, Every citizen must feel responsible to control water pollution. There have been many water pollution prevention acts that have been set up by the governments of the world. But these are not enough for permanent water pollution solutions. Each of us needs to take up the responsibility and do something at an everyday at individual level. Otherwise we can’t survive in a society forever in a future. 

Navigating the Ethics of Big Data in Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Effy Vayena ◽  
Lawrence Madoff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Digital Disease Detection ◽  
The Public Sphere

“Big data,” which encompasses massive amounts of information from both within the health sector (such as electronic health records) and outside the health sector (social media, search queries, cell phone metadata, credit card expenditures), is increasingly envisioned as a rich source to inform public health research and practice. This chapter examines the enormous range of sources, the highly varied nature of these data, and the differing motivations for their collection, which together challenge the public health community in ethically mining and exploiting big data. Ethical challenges revolve around the blurring of three previously clearer boundaries: between personal health data and nonhealth data; between the private and the public sphere in the online world; and, finally, between the powers and responsibilities of state and nonstate actors in relation to big data. Considerations include the implications for privacy, control and sharing of data, fair distribution of benefits and burdens, civic empowerment, accountability, and digital disease detection.

Folklore and Folklife of American Age Groups and Aging

2018 ◽  
pp. 844-866
Author(s):  
Mary L. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Folklore occurs at every stage of a person’s life, and this chapter covers the way folklore and folklife across, and of, the life course has been studied. Six divisions in the life course that mark traditions of age groups as well as perceived stages in the United States are pregnancy and birth, infancy and early childhood, childhood and adolescence, adulthood, seniority, and death. Although much of the scholarship of age groups has been on the beginning and end of life, I demonstrate the conditions of aging in adolescence through the senior years that generate folklore and should be studied in relation to formation of age-group identity. This chapter emphasizes the use of folklore as an adaptation to aging. It examines the connection of folk traditions to the role that anxiety plays in the aging process, the formation of self and group identity, and the rites of passage that mark transitions from one stage to another. It shows that the presence of invented and emerging traditions indicates changing values and beliefs across the life course and encourages research in age-based research as a basic component of folklore and folklife studies.

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