Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal: Implications for insulin resistance

Abstract Background: High-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meals are known to induce oxidative and inflammatory stress, an increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations, and an increase in the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3). Hypothesis: The intake of a nutritional supplement containing resveratrol and muscadine grape polyphenols reduces HFHC meal-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress and stimulates the activity of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf-2, and its downstream targets. Methods: Ten normal, healthy subjects were given a 930-kcal HFHC meal either with placebo or with the supplement. Indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, Nrf-2 binding activity, the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) and lipoprotein binding protein (LBP), and the expression of TLR-4, CD14, IL-1β, TNFα, SOCS-3, Keap-1, NQO-1, and GST-P1 were measured. Results: The intake of the supplement suppressed the meal-induced elevations of plasma endotoxin and LBP concentrations, the expression of p47phox, TLR-4, CD14, SOCS-3, IL-1β, and Keap-1, while enhancing Nrf-2 binding activity and the expression of NQO-1 and GST-P1 genes. Conclusion: A supplement containing resveratrol and muscadine polyphenols reduces the magnitude of oxidative stress, increase in lipopolysaccharide and LBP and TLR-4, CD14, IL-1β and SOCS-3 expression after an HFHC meal. It also stimulates specific Nrf-2 activity and induces the expression of the related antioxidant genes, NQO-1 and GST-P1. These results demonstrate the acute antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of resveratrol and polyphenolic compounds in humans in the postprandial state.

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Proteomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal with Orange Juice

Journal of Proteome Research ◽

10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00476 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 4086-4092 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniela F. S. Chaves ◽

Paulo C. Carvalho ◽

Elisa Brasili ◽

Marcelo M. Rogero ◽

Neuza A. Hassimotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

High Fat ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

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Prolonged Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation after a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal in the Obese

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-0778 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 4476-4479 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Chinmay Patel ◽

Husam Ghanim ◽

Shreyas Ravishankar ◽

Chang Ling Sia ◽

Prabhakar Viswanathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

High Fat ◽

Inflammatory Stress ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract Background: Because obesity is associated with chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress, and high-fat, high-carbohydrate meals induce significant oxidative and inflammatory stress in normal subjects, we have now hypothesized that the intake of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal would result in a greater and more prolonged oxidative and inflammatory stress in the obese than in normal subjects. Methods: Ten normal-weight and eight obese subjects were given a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal after an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected at baseline and hourly following the meal for 3 h. Results: Reactive oxygen species generation by mononuclear cells increased significantly by 2 h in both groups but continued to increase significantly at 3 h in the obese subjects, whereas in normal subjects it returned to baseline. Levels of p47phox increased significantly (by 81 ± 26%) at 3 h in obese individuals (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change in p47phox in normal subjects. Nuclear factor-κB DNA binding in mononuclear cells increased significantly (by 48 ± 58%, P < 0.036) at 2 h but not at 3 h in normal subjects, whereas in the obese, nuclear factor-κB increased significantly at both 2 and 3 h (by 36 ± 57 and 42 ± 63%, respectively, P < 0.004). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentrations were significantly higher in the obese at baseline (580 ± 103.9 vs. 373 ± 30.03 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and increased to significantly greater concentrations after the meal than in the lean subjects. Conclusions: High-fat, high-carbohydrate meals induced a significantly more prolonged and greater oxidative and inflammatory stress in the obese. This may contribute to the increased atherogenic risk in obesity.

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The effects of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate meal on leukocyte populations in adults with chronic spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord Series and Cases ◽

10.1038/s41394-021-00412-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel U. Dix ◽

Garett S. Jackson ◽

Kendra R. Todd ◽

Jan W. van der Scheer ◽

Jeremy J. Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

High Fat ◽

Chronic Spinal Cord Injury ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Leukocyte Populations ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

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Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a Potential Mediator of Interleukin-6-dependent Insulin Resistance in Hepatocytes

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m210689200 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 278 (16) ◽

pp. 13740-13746 ◽

Cited By ~ 401

Author(s):

Joseph J. Senn ◽

Peter J. Klover ◽

Irena A. Nowak ◽

Teresa A. Zimmers ◽

Leonidas G. Koniaris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling ◽

Potential Mediator

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Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.2009.28584 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 940-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 193

Author(s):

Husam Ghanim ◽

Chang Ling Sia ◽

Mannish Upadhyay ◽

Kelly Korzeniewski ◽

Prabhakar Viswanathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orange Juice ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Proinflammatory Effect ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

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Rice Bran Protein Hydrolysates Improve Insulin Resistance and Decrease Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Rats Fed a High Carbohydrate-High Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu7085292 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 6313-6329 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Kampeebhorn Boonloh ◽

Veerapol Kukongviriyapan ◽

Bunkerd Kongyingyoes ◽

Upa Kukongviriyapan ◽

Supawan Thawornchinsombut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Rice Bran ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Cytokine Gene Expression ◽

Cytokine Gene ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Improve Insulin Resistance

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Comparison of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets for obtaining an experimental model of metabolic syndrome

Studia Biologica ◽

10.30970/sbi.1501.642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

T. S. Petryn ◽

◽

M. R. Nagalievska ◽

N. O. Sybirna ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Male Rats ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽

Chow Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Given the wide geographical distribution and growing number of people suffering from this disease, there is an urgent need in developing animal models that would accurately reproduce the development of all symptoms of human metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension). The most cost-effective method related to the real causes of metabolic syndrome is the use of different types of diets. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white outbred male rats about 6 months old and weighing 300–400 g. The metabolic syndrome was induced by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets. The lipid-enriched diet involved the consumption of regular chow diet for laboratory animals with additional fat content (40 % by weight of chow). The source of additional lipids was olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Animals on the diet enriched in carbohydrates together with regular chow diet for laboratory animals consumed 10 % fructose solution instead of drinking water. Glucose tolerance tests were conducted and areas under the glycemic curves were calculated. We determined the content of glycated hemoglobin and glucose concentration, the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood plasma of rats. Results. The development of metabolic syndrome induced by an excessive consumption of carbohydrates and lipids for 42 days was accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance, increased glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, as well as a decreased HDL content. An increase in the concentrations of LDL and activity of paraoxonase were found due to the induction of the pathological condition by an excessive fat intake, while a high carbohydrate diet caused a decrease in paraoxonase activity. Conclusions. The use of fructose for 42 days causes the most pronounced manifestations of the studied pathology. The use of this model will allow determining the biochemical and molecular changes that accompany the development of this pathological condition. It will also facilitate the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

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