scholarly journals Relationship between the Frequency of Detection of Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Factors Related to Group Child Care and Age Range in Pediatric Patients with Acute Rhinosinusitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492-1503
Author(s):  
Michio Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Acute Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Group Child

scholarly journals Nosocomial Outbreak of Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 9V in an Adult Respiratory Medicine Ward

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elita Jauneikaite ◽  
Zareena Khan-Orakzai ◽  
Georgia Kapatai ◽  
Susannah Bloch ◽  
Julie Singleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Case Presentations

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae infections arising in hospitalized patients are often assumed to be sporadic and linked to community acquisition. Here, whole-genome sequencing was used to demonstrate nosocomial acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant sequence type 156 (ST156) serotype 9V S. pneumoniae in 3 respiratory patients that resulted in two bacteremias and one lower respiratory tract infection. Two of the cases arose in patients who had recently been discharged from the hospital and were readmitted from the community. Nosocomial spread was suspected solely because of the highly unusual resistance pattern and case presentations within 24 h of one another. The outbreak highlights the potential for rapid transmission and the short incubation period in the respiratory ward setting.

PNEUMATOSIS INTESTINALIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
ELLEN P. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pneumatosis Intestinalis ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
Age Range

Thirteen cases of pneumatosis intestinalis are reported, 12 of them in infants between 12 days and 12 months of age, one in a boy of 6 years. Review of these cases and of 32 reported cases falling within the pediatric age range discloses that the disease occurs most frequently in patients whose general condition is poor, that it is very often associated with congenital or acquired disease of the intestine, and that respiratory disease, usually infectious, frequently co-exists. The presence of pneumatosis in pediatric patients has so far been discovered only at autopsy, but clinical diagnosis, with the aid of the typical roentgenologic findings, is feasible and may be accomplished when the disease is more widely known. The clinical picture and roentgenographic findings in adults are reviewed. The most acceptable theories concerning the pathogenesis are discussed, with their possible relation to infantile diarrhea.

scholarly journals Simulated Pediatric Blood Cultures to Assess the Inactivation of Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Drug Concentrations in Resin-Containing Bottles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Giordano ◽  
Flora Marzia Liotti ◽  
Giulia Menchinelli ◽  
Giulia De Angelis ◽  
Tiziana D’Inzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bactec Fx

The bacteremia level as well as the administration of antibiotics before blood collection may significantly affect the recovery of bacterial pathogens from pediatric blood cultures in BacT/Alert Virtuo or Bactec FX BC systems, which remain the common techniques to diagnose bacteremia in pediatric patients. We simulated pediatric blood cultures with low or intermediate bacteremia level to evaluate BacT/Alert PF Plus and Bactec Peds Plus blood culture bottles for resin-based inactivation of 16 antibiotic–bacterium combinations. Overall, 105/192 (54.7%) of BacT/Alert PF Plus bottles and 69/192 (36.0%) of Bactec Peds Plus bottles allowed organisms to grow when exposed to antibiotics. In particular, both BacT/Alert PF Plus and Bactec Peds Plus bottles proved to be effective with piperacillin/tazobactam and Pseudomonas aeruginosa or with oxacillin and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (100% growth), whereas no effectiveness was apparent with ceftriaxone and Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae or with cefepime and E. coli (0% growth). In some relevant instances (e.g., with vancomycin and methicillin-resistant S. aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae), BacT/Alert PF Plus bottles were superior to Bactec Peds Plus bottles. Together, these findings underscore the potentiality of resin-containing bottles to enhance diagnosis of bacteremia in pediatric patients on antimicrobial therapy. This is particularly true with one of the evaluated BC systems and with simulated intermediate bacteremia level only.

scholarly journals Future Directions in Reducing Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children With ASD Using Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Żebrowska ◽  
Izabela Łaczmańska ◽  
Łukasz Łaczmański
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Age Range

Research on the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of disorders related to digestive system ailments in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is a new attempt in a therapeutic approach. There are very little scientific evidences available on this emerging alternative method. However, it appears to be interesting not only because of its primary outcome, relieving the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but also secondary therapeutic effect of alleviating autistic behavioral symptoms. FMT seems to be also promising method in the treatment of another group of pediatric patients, children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study is to discuss the potential use of FMT and modified protocols (MTT, microbiota transfer therapy) in the treatment of GI disorders in ASD children supported by reports on another disease, IBD concerning pediatric patients. Due to the few reports of the use of FMT in the treatment of children, these two patients groups were selected, although suffering from distant health conditions: neurodevelopmental disorder and gastrointestinal tract diseases, because of the the fact that they seem related in aspects of the presence of GI symptoms, disturbed intestinal microbiota, unexplained etiology of the condition and age range of patients. Although the outcomes for all are promising, this type of therapy is still an under-researched topic, studies in the group of pediatric patients are sparse, also there is a high risk of transmission of infectious and noninfectious elements during the procedure and no long-term effects on global health are known. For those reasons all obtained results should be taken with a great caution. However, in the context of future therapeutic directions for GI observed in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, the topic seems worthy of attention.

scholarly journals What is the mechanism for persistent coexistence of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae ?

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 905-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Colijn ◽  
Ted Cohen ◽  
Christophe Fraser ◽  
William Hanage ◽  
Edward Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Neutral Models ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

The rise of antimicrobial resistance in many pathogens presents a major challenge to the treatment and control of infectious diseases. Furthermore, the observation that drug-resistant strains have risen to substantial prevalence but have not replaced drug-susceptible strains despite continuing (and even growing) selective pressure by antimicrobial use presents an important problem for those who study the dynamics of infectious diseases. While simple competition models predict the exclusion of one strain in favour of whichever is ‘fitter’, or has a higher reproduction number, we argue that in the case of Streptococcus pneumoniae there has been persistent coexistence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains, with neither approaching 100 per cent prevalence. We have previously proposed that models seeking to understand the origins of coexistence should not incorporate implicit mechanisms that build in stable coexistence ‘for free’. Here, we construct a series of such ‘structurally neutral’ models that incorporate various features of bacterial spread and host heterogeneity that have been proposed as mechanisms that may promote coexistence. We ask to what extent coexistence is a typical outcome in each. We find that while coexistence is possible in each of the models we consider, it is relatively rare, with two exceptions: (i) allowing simultaneous dual transmission of sensitive and resistant strains lets coexistence become a typical outcome, as does (ii) modelling each strain as competing more strongly with itself than with the other strain, i.e. self-immunity greater than cross-immunity. We conclude that while treatment and contact heterogeneity can promote coexistence to some extent, the in-host interactions between strains, particularly the interplay between coinfection, multiple infection and immunity, play a crucial role in the long-term population dynamics of pathogens with drug resistance.

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