scholarly journals The Adoption of an Innovation: Barriers to Use of Green Roofs Experienced by Midwest Architects and Building Owners

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Strauss Hendricks ◽  
Meg Calkins
Keyword(s):  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Knowledge Barriers ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Barriers To Use

While green roof technologies are increasingly employed in Northern European countries, adoption is progressing at a much slower rate in the US. This manuscript discusses results of a survey that quantified knowledge, barriers, and perceived costs and benefits to use of green roof technology among a sample of architects and building owners in the Midwest. The survey also examined conditions that may encourage use of this technology among the respondents. Results show that many respondents do not fully recognize the economic or performance advantages offered by green roof technologies. The payback period for economic advantage is longer than owners are willing to consider. Both owners and architects possess a wide range of misconceptions about the performance advantages of green roofs. While green roof technology offers clear environmental advantages such as reduced stormwater runoff, increased habitat, and cooler temperatures that mitigate heat island effects, many building owner respondents either do not know about or value these advantages. This research quantified potential adopters' perceptions of an innovative technology and the survey results are interpreted and discussed within the conceptual framework of innovation diffusion literature. Strategies to hasten the adoption of green roof technology are suggested.

scholarly journals Acceptance of Telepathology in Daily Practice

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mairinger
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

The availability of pathology services differs greatly in our environment. Although pathology would be especially suitable for being practised at a distance by transporting digital image information, the spread of telepathology into everyday work still is relatively slow.The article describes the situation of diffusion of this innovative technology by reviewing the literature and discussing this in context to data based on questionnaires dealing with the acceptance of telepathology. The current situation of telepathology can be discussed by five items for innovation spead: (1) communication and influence; (2) economic costs and benefits; (3) knowledge barriers and learning; (4) feasibility of techniques offered for the demands of the users; (5) clarification of the legal status and other factors concerning international collaboration. All these head lines do not represent realistic obstacles for the more widespread use of telepathology. The real drawbacks may therefore be found behind certain professional habits of pathologists. The most important causes may be that (a) telediagnosis is not as easy as it may seem at the first glance; (b) telepathology is seen as a potential highway to a world‐wide competition of pathology service providers. As soon as these mostly unjustified prejudices are corrected and telepathology is percepted as additional technique in pathology, it will become a diagnostic tool as common and as useful as the telephone.

scholarly journals Function-Based and Multi-Scale Approach to Green Roof Guidelines for Urban Sustainability Transitions: The Case of Bogota

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrés Ibáñez Gutiérrez ◽  
Mónica Ramos-Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inclusive Approach

A growing number of local green roof niches across the globe are transitioning into the mainstream domain. Guidelines are key to this process, as they define technological environments and set the criteria for best practices in a given socio-technical setting. Although the German Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL) cornerstone guidelines provided solid empirical ground and established technical parameters for the successful application of green roofs across continents, investigations about alternative green roof guidelines for emerging markets remain very scarce. The paper presents the inclusive approach followed by the Bogota Green Roof Guidelines, which were the result of a multi-actor participatory process that examined how to embrace a wide range of emerging green roof technologies and local adaptations while promoting quality of application at different scales, regardless of the system used, and despite the absence of local robust empirical data on performance parameters. As a result, Bogota’s Green Roof Guidelines incorporated ad hoc elements: (1) new definitions and taxonomy, (2) function-based contents, (3) multi-scale approach, and (4) performance scoping. These aspects are discussed to provide novel insights for the advancement of green infrastructure policies in diverse institutional settings aiming to promote quality and simultaneously support markets that make room for a wide variety of green infrastructure practices.

scholarly journals Toward an operational tool to simulate green roof hydrological impact at the basin scale: a new version of the distributed rainfall–runoff model Multi-Hydro

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Versini ◽  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Ioulia Tchinguirinskaia ◽  
Daniel Schertzer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Currently widespread in new urban projects, green roofs have shown a positive impact on urban runoff at the building scale: decrease and slow-down of the peak discharge, and decrease of runoff volume. The present work aims to study their possible impact at the catchment scale, more compatible with stormwater management issues. For this purpose, a specific module dedicated to simulating the hydrological behaviour of a green roof has been developed in the distributed rainfall–runoff model (Multi-Hydro). It has been applied on a French urban catchment where most of the building roofs are flat and assumed to accept the implementation of a green roof. Catchment responses to several rainfall events covering a wide range of meteorological situations have been simulated. The simulation results show green roofs can significantly reduce runoff volume and the magnitude of peak discharge (up to 80%) depending on the rainfall event and initial saturation of the substrate. Additional tests have been made to assess the susceptibility of this response regarding both spatial distributions of green roofs and precipitation. It appears that the total area of greened roofs is more important than their locations. On the other hand, peak discharge reduction seems to be clearly dependent on spatial distribution of precipitation.

Assessment of green roof incentive policies in European cities by a fractal analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Versini ◽  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia ◽  
Daniel Schertzer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Green roofs represent a market of several tens millions of m<sup>2</sup> implemented every year in Europe. They appear to be particularly efficient to reduce the potential impact of new and existing urban developments by making the city “greener” and more resilient to climate change. Indeed, they provide several ecosystem services, particularly in stormwater management, urban heat island attenuation, and biodiversity conservation. For these reasons, municipalities are implementing specific policies to promote a large diffusion of green roofs on their territory. Nevertheless, to optimize their performances through urban scales, green roofs spatial distribution should be analysed.</p><p>In order to study the current green roof implementation and to assess the relevancy of the related policies, a multi-scale analysis based on fractal theory as been conducted. Such analysis, widely used in geophysics, is particularly suitable to characterize spatial fields exhibiting strong heterogeneity over wide range of scales. This fractal analysis was performed here to characterize the spatial distribution of green roofs in several European cities (London, Amsterdam, Geneva, Lyon, Paris, Berlin, Frankfort, Copenhagen, Oslo…). These cities have been chosen because: (i) GIS database containing the location and geometry of implemented green roofs is available, (ii) they have implemented various kind of green roofs policies.</p><p>The results show that every studied city depicts similar behaviour with the definition of three distinct scaling regimes. The second regime (between 16/32 and 512/1024 m) characterizes not only single roofs but their distribution in space which is what we are interested in. The fractal dimension charactering this regime is the most variable, ranging from 0.50 to 1.35 and illustrates some different degrees of progress in urban greening. It has to be noticed that the more ambitious incentive measures (where monetary subsidies are proposed) correspond to the cities characterized by the highest fractal dimension. Nevertheless, as these policies are relatively recent, they cannot completely explain the current green roof distribution (architectural history has also to be mentioned).</p><p>The obtained results demonstrate some significant inconsistencies between political ambition and their in situ realization. They illustrate the necessity to better take into account the spatial distribution of green roof implementations in order to optimize their performances. To provide ecosystem services at large scales, green roofs have to be widely and relevantly implemented. Fractal analysis can be seen as innovative multi-scale approach to adjust policies for this purpose.</p><p>This work has been made thanks to ANR EVNATURB project (https://hmco.enpc.fr/portfolio-archive/evnaturb/) and the Academic Chair “Hydrology for Resilient Cities”, a partnership between Ecole des Ponts ParisTech and the Veolia group.</p>

Integrating ecology into green roof research

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Blaustein ◽  
Gyongyver J. Kadas ◽  
Jessica Gurevitch
Keyword(s):  
Green Roof ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Wide Range

Green roofs can provide environmental benefits that include increased building insulation, mitigating urban heat islands, providing aesthetic value, reducing runoff and storm water flooding in urban environments, improving air quality by sequestering pollutants, cooling photovoltaic panels to improve their function, and providing habitat for fauna and flora. Until very recently, improvements of green-roof environmental services had been achieved largely by horticulturalists, engineers, and architects. In recent years, ecologists have increased their participation, implementing ecological theory for enhancing biodiversity, and selecting specific plant assemblages for other environmental services such as carbon sequestration and for providing cooler roofs. Moreover, ecologists can use green roofs as relatively novel habitats for testing and developing ecological theory. This special issue is devoted to fostering input from ecologists for advancing the environmental and ecosystem services of green roofs. A wide range of ecologists can explore the topic of the ecological aspects of green roof design and implementation including island biogeography theory, niche theory and null models, the role of environmental heterogeneity, invasion ecology, and plant selection. They can contribute ecological methodology and study design for strong inference.

Editorial: Migration costs

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha W. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Food Stamps ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Unemployment Compensation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexican Immigrant Men ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
Immigrant Men

Much has been written about the costs—and benefits--of migration--in terms of the costs to the US (or receiving regions) and of the benefits to migrants. Massey (2005) concludes that because (Mexican) immigrants pay taxes, they are not a drain on public services. In fact, migrants are less likely to use public services, and pay taxes for services they don’t use. Almost two-thirds have Social Security taxes withheld, only 10% have sent a child to public schools, and under 5% or have used food stamps, welfare, or unemployment compensation. They also pay sales taxes. In terms of criminality, Rumbaut and Ewing (2007) refute the myth that migrants bring crime. They find that Mexican immigrant men have a lower rate of incarceration (0.7%) than US born Latinos (5.9%) or for US born males (3.5%).

ESRC Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 657-698
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Yates ◽  
Jordana Blejmar
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Technological World ◽  
Ways Of Being

Two workshops were part of the final steps in the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) commissioned Ways of Being in a Digital Age project that is the basis for this Handbook. The ESRC project team coordinated one with the UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (ESRC-DSTL) Workshop, “The automation of future roles”; and one with the US National Science Foundation (ESRC-NSF) Workshop, “Changing work, changing lives in the new technological world.” Both workshops sought to explore the key future social science research questions arising for ever greater levels of automation, use of artificial intelligence, and the augmentation of human activity. Participants represented a wide range of disciplinary, professional, government, and nonprofit expertise. This chapter summarizes the separate and then integrated results. First, it summarizes the central social and economic context, the method and project context, and some basic definitional issues. It then identifies 11 priority areas needing further research work that emerged from the intense interactions, discussions, debates, clustering analyses, and integration activities during and after the two workshops. Throughout, it summarizes how subcategories of issues within each cluster relate to central issues (e.g., from users to global to methods) and levels of impacts (from wider social to community and organizational to individual experiences and understandings). Subsections briefly describe each of these 11 areas and their cross-cutting issues and levels. Finally, it provides a detailed Appendix of all the areas, subareas, and their specific questions.

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals Seismic Performance of a Green Roof Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4278
Author(s):  
Svetlana Tam ◽  
Jenna Wong
Keyword(s):  
Green Roof ◽  
Time History ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analyses ◽  
Vegetated Roofs ◽  
Nonlinear Time History ◽  
The Impact

Sustainability addresses the need to reduce the structure’s impact on the environment but does not reduce the environment’s impact on the structure. To explore this relationship, this study focuses on quantifying the impact of green roofs or vegetated roofs on seismic responses such as story displacements, interstory drifts, and floor level accelerations. Using an archetype three-story steel moment frame, nonlinear time history analyses are conducted in OpenSees for a shallow and deep green roof using a suite of ground motions from various distances from the fault to identify key trends and sensitivities in response.

scholarly journals Hospital-Based Donor Recruitment and Predonation Serologic Testing for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Balcerek ◽  
Evelin Trejo ◽  
Kendall Levine ◽  
Paul Couey ◽  
Zoe V Kornberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Igg Level ◽  
Donor Recruitment ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives Serologic testing for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in potential donors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) may not be performed until after blood donation. A hospital-based recruitment program for CCP may be an efficient way to identify potential donors prospectively Methods Patients who recovered from known or suspected COVID-19 were identified and recruited through medical record searches and public appeals in March and April 2020. Participants were screened with a modified donor history questionnaire and, if eligible, were asked for consent and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM). Participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG were referred for CCP collection. Results Of 179 patients screened, 128 completed serologic testing and 89 were referred for CCP donation. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 23 of 51 participants with suspected COVID-19 and 66 of 77 participants with self-reported COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG level met the US Food and Drug Administration criteria for “high-titer” CCP in 39% of participants confirmed by PCR, as measured by the Ortho VITROS IgG assay. A wide range of SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were observed. Conclusions A hospital-based CCP donor recruitment program can prospectively identify potential CCP donors. Variability in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels has implications for the selection of CCP units for transfusion.

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