Tracking Public Participation in Urban Governance

2013 ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Obermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Gis And Society

This chapter examines the use of GIS, geovisualization, and other geo-locational technologies and applications, including social networking websites and mobile phones associated with Web 2.0, as a tool kit for promoting democratization or leading to loss of data privacy and freedom, focusing on the relevant historical events in 2011 and the first half of 2012. The chapter begins by presenting a brief history of the GIS and society literature, including public participation GIS, volunteered geographic information, and geoslavery. The discussion covers both the rosy view (geospatial and Web 2.0 technologies as a democratizing force) and the gloomy perspective (these same technologies as tools of control based on data capture and loss of privacy). Underlying both of these views are scale and the ability to jump scales, which are examined through the lens of Kevin Cox’s (1998) “spaces of dependence and engagement.” Having laid this groundwork, the chapter considers events in the recent past, focusing first on the Arab Spring movements in Tunisia and Egypt and the Occupy movement in the U.S. as examples of the optimistic perspective. It then proceeds to discuss data capture from smart phones and cell phones as examples of the pessimistic view. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how individuals may enhance the democratization potential of geotechnologies and Web 2.0 while minimizing data capture, loss of spatial data privacy, and the harm that these can bring.

Tracking Public Participation in Urban Governance

2014 ◽  
pp. 813-830
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Obermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Gis And Society

This chapter examines the use of GIS, geovisualization, and other geo-locational technologies and applications, including social networking websites and mobile phones associated with Web 2.0, as a tool kit for promoting democratization or leading to loss of data privacy and freedom, focusing on the relevant historical events in 2011 and the first half of 2012. The chapter begins by presenting a brief history of the GIS and society literature, including public participation GIS, volunteered geographic information, and geoslavery. The discussion covers both the rosy view (geospatial and Web 2.0 technologies as a democratizing force) and the gloomy perspective (these same technologies as tools of control based on data capture and loss of privacy). Underlying both of these views are scale and the ability to jump scales, which are examined through the lens of Kevin Cox's (1998) “spaces of dependence and engagement.” Having laid this groundwork, the chapter considers events in the recent past, focusing first on the Arab Spring movements in Tunisia and Egypt and the Occupy movement in the U.S. as examples of the optimistic perspective. It then proceeds to discuss data capture from smart phones and cell phones as examples of the pessimistic view. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how individuals may enhance the democratization potential of geotechnologies and Web 2.0 while minimizing data capture, loss of spatial data privacy, and the harm that these can bring.

Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "

Solving the Internet Jurisdiction Puzzle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
History Of

Internet jurisdiction has emerged as one of the greatest and most urgent challenges online, severely affecting areas as diverse as e-commerce, data privacy, law enforcement, content take-downs, cloud computing, e-health, Cyber security, intellectual property, freedom of speech, and Cyberwar. In this innovative book, Professor Svantesson presents a vision for a new approach to Internet jurisdiction––for both private international law and public international law––based on sixteen years of research dedicated specifically to the topic. The book demonstrates that our current paradigm remains attached to a territorial thinking that is out of sync with our modern world, especially, but not only, online. Having made the claim that our adherence to the territoriality principle is based more on habit than on any clear and universally accepted legal principles, Professor Svantesson advances a new jurisprudential framework for how we approach jurisdiction. He also proposes several other reform initiatives such as the concept of ‘investigative jurisdiction’ and an approach to geo-blocking, aimed at equipping us to solve the Internet jurisdiction puzzle. In addition, the book provides a history of Internet jurisdiction, and challenges our traditional categorisation of different types of jurisdiction. It places Internet jurisdiction in a broader context and outlines methods for how properly to understand and work with rules of Internet jurisdiction. While Solving the Internet Puzzle paints a clear picture of the concerns involved and the problems that needs to be overcome, this book is distinctly aimed at finding practical solutions anchored in a solid theoretical framework.

Politics of Scale and Networks of Association in Public Participation GIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1961-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Politics Of Scale

The public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) research agenda has explored the issue of equitable access and use of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data among traditionally marginalized citizens, in order to facilitate effective citizen participation in inner-city revitalization activities. However, prior research indicates that PPGIS is a complex process, with uneven outcomes. The author contends that such unevenness can be explained by use of a new theoretical framework drawn from the literature of politics of scale and networks. The author contends that the PPGIS process occurs in ‘spaces of dependence’, containing localized social relations and place-specific conditions. The politics of securing this space leads to the creation of ‘spaces of engagement’ at multiple scales. Within these spaces, networks of association evolve to connect multiple actors from public and private sectors with community organizations. Such networks can contain structural inequities, hierarchical dominance, and fluctuating resources. But these networks also transcend political boundaries and are dynamic and flexible, enabling individuals to manipulate and modify them. In trying to control the revitalization agendas and the material resources required, the actors and community organizations construct politics of scale. For some community organizations, such scalar politics and creative alliances with critical actors allow them to navigate territorially scaled networks of power skillfully in order to gain an effective voice in decisionmaking activities. But other community organizations lag behind, and are not able to form relationships in order to secure their urban space. By the use of new empirical data, coupled with a new theoretical framework, the author aims to contribute both to greater theorization and to better understanding of the uneven and contradictory nature of PPGIS processes.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DATA: FROM CARTOGRAPHY TO GEODATABASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo FALCHI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Acceleration ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Essential Knowledge

The final goal of this paper was to fix a brief summary on the status of geographic information in Italy due to the technological steps and national regulations. The acquisition, processing and sharing of spatial data has experienced a significant acceleration thanks to the development of computer technology and the acknowledgment of the need for standardization and homogenization of information held by pub­lic authorities and individuals. The spatial data represents the essential knowledge in the management and development of a territory both in terms of planning for safety and environmental prevention. In Italy there is an enormous heritage of spatial information which is historically affected by a problem of consistency and uniformity, in order to make it often contradictory in its use by the public decision-maker and private par­ties. The recent history of geographic information is characterized by a significant effort aimed at optimiz­ing this decisive technical and cultural heritage allowing the use of it to all citizens in a logic of sharing and re-use and may finally represent a common good available to all.

Urban Transition in West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1258-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarshi Guin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
History Of

Contemporary urbanization in India is in transition and this, along with the continuation of a ‘top heavy’ urban structure and gradual deindustrialization, is characterized by faster growth of informal employment, a declining trend of urban-ward migration of males, the slow down in the growth of cities and towns and the emergence of new urban centres. Given this immediate backdrop, this paper examines the contemporary processes and emerging forms of urban transition in West Bengal, with its longstanding history of ‘mono-centric’ urbanization. It reveals that urbanization in the state is no longer confined to a few pockets, as many new urban centres have emerged away from them and small towns are growing at relatively faster rates compared to the cities. But the underlying factors of this transition are not associated with the dispersal of economic activities and employment opportunities away from the metropolises. Furthermore, the study is sceptical about the significance of this emerging form of urbanization fuelled by the growth of small cities and towns which have a weak economic base, a crisis of urban governance and inadequate access to basic amenities.

Qualitative Geographic Information Systems (GIS): An untapped research approach for social work

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
History Of

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a digital technology that integrates hardware and software to analyze, store, and map spatial data. GIS allows users to visualize (i.e., map) geographic aspects of data including locations or spatial concentrations of phenomena of interest. Though public health and other social work related fields have embraced the use of GIS technology in research, social work lags behind. Recent technological advancements in the field of GIS have transformed what was once prohibitively expensive, “experts only” desktop software into a viable method for researchers with little prior GIS knowledge. Further, humanist and participatory geographers have developed critical, non-quantitative GIS approaches that bring to light new opportunities relevant to social workers. These tools could have particular utility for qualitative social workers because they can help us better understand the environmental context in which our clients reside and give credence to their assessments of strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for intervention. This article provides an introductory overview of the history of GIS in social work research and describes opportunities to use spatially informed approaches in qualitative social work research using a case study of a participatory photo mapping research study.

TRANSFORMAÇÕES NO MODELO DE CORRIDAS DE RUA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO NA “PROVA RÚSTICA TIRADENTES”

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jeferson Roberto Rojo ◽  
Fernando Augusto Starepravo ◽  
Felipe Canan ◽  
Fernando Marinho Mezzadri ◽  
Marcelo Moraes e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racing Model ◽  
The City

TRANSFORMAÇÕES NO MODELO DE CORRIDAS DE RUA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO NA “PROVA RÚSTICA TIRADENTES” Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as principais transformações ocorridas nos mais de 40 anos da “Prova Rústica Tiradentes”, corrida de rua realizada na cidade de Maringá. Foram realizadas 8 (oito) entrevistas semiestruturadas com corredores que participaram de diversos momentos da história desta prova. Constataram-se transformações em relação à participação do público, estrutura do evento, perfil dos participantes, desempenho dos atletas, além do início de cobrança de taxas de inscrições. A título de conclusão o artigo aponta que estas transformações são advindas da mudança no perfil dos participantes da prova maringaense. Palavras Chaves: Pedestrianismo; Corrida de Rua; Eventos Esportivos. Changes in street racing model in Brazil: a study in "Tiradentes Rustic Proof" Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the main changes that occurred in more than 40 years of " Tiradentes Rustic Proof " street race held in the city of Maringá. They were held eight (8) semi-structured interviews with runners who participated in various moments in the history of this event. Changes were noted in relation to public participation, structure, the profile of the participants, the performance of athletes and the beginning of recovery rates of enrollment of participants. In conclusion the article points out that these changes are coming from the change in the profile of the maringaense race participants. Key Words: Hiking; Street race; Sporting Events.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Baics
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Market System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Private Domain

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book tells story of New York's transition from a tightly regulated public market system of provisioning in the Early Republic to a free-market model in the antebellum period. It examines what a municipal market system was and how it worked to supply urban dwellers; how and why access to food moved from the public to the private domain by the 1840s; how these two distinctive political economies shaped the physical and social environments of a booming city; and what the social consequences of deregulation were for residents of America's first metropolis. On the whole, the book offers a comprehensive account based in political economy and the social and geographic history of the complex interplay of urban governance, market forces, and the built environment in provisioning New Yorkers.

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