Designing Experiments

2015 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Random Selection ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Test Measurement ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

In this chapter, students will learn the process of designing experiments. The classic experimental design is presented first. Following this, three distinct quasi-experimental designs are presented. The benefits and burdens of the classic and quasi-experimental designs are discussed in depth. By the end of this chapter, students will understand concepts related to random selection, generalizability, treatment and control groups, pre- and post-test measurement of the dependent variable, and internal validity.

THE ROLE OF WHATSAPP IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE STAFFS OF UMBUL PONGGOK KLATEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Lia Ardiana Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the significant role of WhatsApp in teaching vocabulary, especially staff learning achievement which was limited to vocabulary achievement as measured by a vocabulary test at Umbul Ponggok Klaten. Participants in this study amounted to 30 people consisting of 15 men and 15 women. All participants will learn English as a foreign language using WhatsApp to learn new vocabulary items via their mobile, tablet or laptop. Participants' English level will be measured. Random sampling procedure was carried out. To carry out the research, a true experimental design was used. The participants were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The assessment instrument in this study used a pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the use of the WhatsApp application in teaching vocabulary to the Umbul Ponggok Klaten staff was able to improve the achievement of new English vocabulary mastery of the Umbul Ponggok Klaten staff which was getting better.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBANTUAN FLASH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI HIDROKARBON DI KELAS XI IPA SMA MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmauwati Salmauwati ◽  
Muhamad Agus Wibowo ◽  
Dedeh Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACTThis study was initiated by the students’ low learning outcomes on Chemistry subject and the teachers’ preference in using lecture method in teaching learning process.This study aimed at 1) finding out the differences of students’ learning outcomes between the use of flash media-assisted practical method and lecture method on hydrocarbon class at grade XI MIA of SMA Muhammadiyah I Pontianak. Using quasi experimental design and Control Group Posttes Design, this study employed the students of grade XI MIA 2 as the samples of experiment group, andthe students of grade XI MIA 2 as the samples of control group. The data collection techniques used were measurement and observation. While the instruments employed were observation sheet and essay. TheU-Mann Whitneytest revealed that the post test score of 0,0140< 0,05 Ho was rejected, while the Ha one was accepted. It means that there was correlation of students’ learning outcomes between the experiment and the control groups. In addition, the effect size result was 1,086 > 0,8 and considered high which indicated the positive effect of flash media-assisted practical method in enhancing students’ learning achievement.Keywords: flash, learning outcomes, hydrocarbon, practical method

scholarly journals Rosetta Stone CALL Software as A Vocabulary Teaching Media at Indonesian High Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Rafi’ah Nur ◽  
Rifka Annisa
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Data Analysis Result

Vocabulary is the basic aspect of language. The ability to master vocabulary holds an important part in learning a language, including English. That becomes one of the researcher's considerations to conduct this research when observing at one of Indonesia's high schools since the students show difficulties in vocabulary mastery. Modifying the teaching media can become a problem solving for students' lack of vocabulary mastery. In this case, using Rosetta Stone CALL software is suggested to overcome the problem. The research's objective was to determine whether or not the use of Rosetta Stone CALL software can improve the tenth-grade students' vocabulary mastery. The researcher applied a quasi-experimental method, with two group pre-test and post-test design. The research sample was forty students from two classes taken from the population of the 10th-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Barru. The data analysis result showed that the pre-test's mean score in the experimental class was 2.21, and the post-test was 3.04. It proves that the tenth-grade students' vocabulary mastery improved using Rosetta Stone CALL Software. After analyzing the data using SPSS version 21, the probability value in the post-test was 0.01, and the significance value was 0.05. It means that the probability value (0.01) was lower than the significance value (0.05). It was indicated that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. It revealed that the vocabulary mastery of the tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Barru for the experimental and control groups was significantly different.

Internal Validity of Group Experimental Research

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Jean R. Harber
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Research Studies

This article stresses the importance of controlling extraneous variables when studying educational problems. Various types of research studies are described. The experimental research design, which is ideally suited to detecting causal relationships if proper controls are used, and quasi-experimental procedures, which are employed when true experimental designs cannot be used, are discussed. Threats to internal validity are presented and hypothetical examples are given to illustrate these threats and the means of controlling them. The importance of utilizing control groups is illustrated.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Animal Therapy on Alleviation of Anxiety in Pre-School Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tahan
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Animal Therapy ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Anxiety Screening ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of animal therapy in alleviation of anxiety in pre-school children.Method: The study was carried out as a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The study population consisted of 33 anxious 5-7years old children (participated in a welfare anxiety screening plan held by Counseling Center, Tehran-Iran) between 2018 and 2019. The participants took part in the study voluntarily.The subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 in each group). The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of animal therapy. The research instrument was Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (Parent Form) and the data were analyzed on SPSS 21 software.Results: The results showed that animal therapy had a significant effect on general anxiety score after adjusting for post-test scores (f= 32.49 and p= 0.001) with the effect equal to 0.70. In addition, the effect of animal therapy on anxiety of separation (f= 5.63, p= 0.03), generalized anxiety disorder (f= 8.56, p= 0.01), social phobia (f= 14.58, p= 0.002) and specific anxiety (f= 11.63, p= 0.005) was significant with effects equal to 0.30, 0.40, 0.53, and 0.47, respectively. The results also showed that the effect of animal therapy on obsession was not significant (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that Animal therapy is effective in alleviating anxiety in children.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK JIGSAW TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DESKRIPSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
Krisna Anggraeni ◽  
Devi Afriyuni Yonanda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of a teaching materials based on local wisdom in jigsaw learning model to skill of writing description. The method used in this study is a quasi experimental design with two groups: the experimental class and control class. The results showed differences in the skills of writing description between the two classes. In the control class tend to not experience a significant increase, while the experimental class increased. The average value of the current skill of writing description in control class pretest to post-test by 61.25 to 71.40, increased 15.57% with average value of n-gain 0.274 in low category. Meanwhile, the average value in experimental class pretest to post-test by 61.22 to 83.31, increased 36.08% with average value of n-gain 0.570 in medium category. The difference of gain indicates that a teaching materials based on local wisdom in jigsaw learning model effectively used to improve the skills of writing description.   Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan bahan ajar berbasis kearifan lokal dalam model pembelajaran teknik jigsaw terhadap keterampilan menulis deskripsi. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen kuasi dengan desain dua kelompok yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kelas kontrol cenderung tidak mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen terjadi peningkatan. Nilai rata-rata keterampilan menulis deskripsi kelas kontrol pada prates 61.25 pascates 71.40 peningkatan sebesar 16.57% dengan rata-rata n-gain 0.274 termasuk kategori rendah. Sementara itu, nilai rata-rata keterampilan menulis deskripsi kelas eksperimen saat prates 61,22 pada pascates menjadi 83,31 peningkatan sebesar 36.08% dengan rata-rata n-gain 0.570 termasuk kategori sedang. Perbedaan peningkatan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa bahan ajar berbasis kearifan lokal dalam model pembelajaran teknik jigsaw efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis deskripsi. Kata Kunci:  Bahan Ajar Berbasis Kearifan Lokal, Model Pembelajaran Teknik Jigsaw, Keterampilan Menulis Deskrispi

scholarly journals Robotics to develop computational thinking in early Childhood Education

Comunicar ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (59) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana García-Valcárcel-Muñoz-Repiso ◽  
Yen-Air Caballero-González
Keyword(s):  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Kindergarten Students ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Educational Robotics ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Programming Skills ◽  
And Control

The development of programming skills is currently promoting from an early school age, trying to get children to take an active and creative role in the use of technologies. The objective of this article is to verify the repercussion of educational robotics activities on kindergarten students in the acquisition of computational thinking and programming skills. The research design is quasi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test measures, using experimental and control groups. The sample consists of 131 students from the second cycle of early education (between 3 and 6 years old), all from the same Spanish school. Computational thinking is measured through three dimensions: sequences (algorithms), action-instruction correspondence and debugging. The intervention sessions, as well as the structure of the challenges that were used in the pre- and post-test evaluations, were designed based on the reference program of robotics studies called “TangibleK”. The intervention, carried out doing learning activities using educational robotics resources, presents positive results in relation to the computational thinking skills achieved. The differences between the pre-test and the post-test in the experimental and control groups are statistically significant, in that children engaged in robotics program achieves a greater advance in the three dimensions of computational competence through this method. Actualmente se promueve el desarrollo de habilidades de programación desde una edad escolar temprana, tratando de que los niños adquieran un rol activo y creativo en el uso de las tecnologías. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la repercusión del desarrollo de actividades de robótica educativa en la adquisición de habilidades de pensamiento computacional y programación en escolares de educación infantil. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cuasi-experimental, con medidas pretest y postest, utilizando grupo experimental y control. La muestra la conforman 131 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de educación infantil (entre 3 y 6 años de edad) de un centro educativo español. El pensamiento computacional se mide a través de tres dimensiones: secuencias (algoritmos), correspondencia acción-instrucción y depuración. Las sesiones de intervención, así como la estructura de los retos que se utilizaron en las evaluaciones pre y postest fueron diseñadas tomando como base el programa de estudios en robótica denominado «TangibleK». La intervención, centrada en actividades de aprendizaje mediante recursos de robótica educativa, presenta resultados positivos en relación a las habilidades de pensamiento computacional logradas. Las diferencias encontradas entre el pre y postest en el grupo experimental son estadísticamente significativas y superiores a las presentadas en el grupo control, de modo que se concluye que los niños que realizan el programa de robótica consiguen un mayor avance en las tres dimensiones de la competencia computacional.

Deliberation and Experimental Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 662-677
Author(s):  
Kevin Esterling
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Methodological Considerations

This chapter describes the methodological considerations necessary for making a causal inference regarding the effect of institutions and group contexts on deliberation. This chapter focuses on the elements of the research design of a study and the assumptions that are necessary to state a causal inference given a particular design; these considerations are applicable to randomized experimental designs, both in the lab and in the field, as well as to quasi-experimental or natural experimental designs using observational data. The chapter shows how to assess the internal validity of a study for identifying a causal effect for a given study and briefly discusses external and epistemic validity considerations that are of particular urgency for empirical deliberation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Interactive Computer Animation and Simulation on Students’ Achievement and Motivation in Learning Electrochemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
N. J. Ahmad ◽  
N. Yakob ◽  
M. A. H. Bunyamin ◽  
N. Winarno ◽  
W. H. Akmal
Keyword(s):  
Computer Animation ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chemistry Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Electrochemistry is difficult to learn due to its abstract concepts involving macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic representation levels. Studies have shown that students can visualize and improve their understanding of chemistry by using interactive computer animation and simulation. This study reports the effect of interactive computer animation and simulation module named “Interactive Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution” (IEAS) developed to aid students in learning electrolysis. A pre and post-test control quasi-experimental design was carried out to investigate the effects of the IEAS on students’ achievement and motivation in electrochemistry topics. This study involved 62 16-years-old male students from two different secondary schools. Pre and post electrochemistry achievement tests (EAT) and pre and post- Instructional Material Motivation Surveys (IMMS) were used. For EAT, using one-way ANOVA, it shows that there was a significant difference in the post-test mean score in this study on the understanding of the electrolysis concept between students in the treatment and control groups [F (1, 60) = 5.15, p <0.05]. The qualitative results also provided evidence that the students in the treatment group had a better conceptual understanding than the control group, especially at the microscopic representation level. For the IMMS test, there was a significant difference between the treatment and control groups in terms of the mean score of the post motivation IMMS test where p <0.05 in chemistry learning [F (1,59) = 266.89, p <0.05].  Thus, it can be concluded that IEAS has an impact on enhancing the students’ understanding of the electrolysis concept, and the students are more motivated to learn electrochemistry.

scholarly journals Discourse Analysis in E-Learning-Based Course Using Moodle Platform: An Experimental Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Eka Putri ◽  
Budianto Hamuddin ◽  
Mutia Sari Nursafira ◽  
Tatum Derin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Learning Platforms ◽  
And Control

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused educational institutions all over the world to migrate their teachings online. Since Indonesian government issued the SK Mendiknas No. 107/U/2001, educational institutions had to steadily integrate their learning process with technology. So, this study intends to investigate the effectiveness of using the open-source learning platforms known as Moodle in a selected university, Universitas Lancang Kuning (Unilak) in Indonesia. While multiple courses uses Moodle, this study selected to analyse the 2017/2018 fifth semester students as they are the ones who pioneered Moodle for other classes to use. With a quasi-experimental research design, this study used four types of test to calculate the results of the essay pre-test and post-test on both experimental and control classes. With the eventual mean of 65.53 for the experimental class and 63.25 for the control, this study proved that Moodle does effectively improve Indonesian university EFL students’ learning compared to conventional lecture-style learning. Future research is hoped to extend or compare this study with an investigation on how university EFL students are using e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors that have not been covered in this empirical study.

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