Lost Circulation

2015 ◽  
pp. 1295-1315
Author(s):  
Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec ◽  
Borivoje Pasic
Keyword(s):  
Remedial Measures ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Well Loss ◽  
Thief Zone ◽  
Drilling Project

Lost circulation is defined as the uncontrolled flow of mud into a thief zone and presents one of the major risks associated with drilling. The complete prevention of lost circulation is impossible, but limiting circulation loss is possible if certain precautions are taken. Failure to minimize lost circulation can greatly increase the cost of drilling, as well as the risk of well loss. The risk of drilling a well in areas known to contain potential zones of lost circulation such as fractured, cavernous, or high permeability formations is a key factor in making a decision to approve or cancel a drilling project. The successful management of lost circulation should include identification of potential loss zones, optimization of drilling hydraulics, and remedial measures when lost circulation occures.

Lost Circulation

2014 ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec ◽  
Borivoje Pasic
Keyword(s):  
Remedial Measures ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Well Loss ◽  
Thief Zone ◽  
Drilling Project

Lost circulation is defined as the uncontrolled flow of mud into a thief zone and presents one of the major risks associated with drilling. The complete prevention of lost circulation is impossible, but limiting circulation loss is possible if certain precautions are taken. Failure to minimize lost circulation can greatly increase the cost of drilling, as well as the risk of well loss. The risk of drilling a well in areas known to contain potential zones of lost circulation such as fractured, cavernous, or high permeability formations is a key factor in making a decision to approve or cancel a drilling project. The successful management of lost circulation should include identification of potential loss zones, optimization of drilling hydraulics, and remedial measures when lost circulation occures.

Risk Planning and Mitigation in Oil Well Fields

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec ◽  
Borivoje Pašić ◽  
Petar Mijić
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Wellbore Strengthening ◽  
Lost Circulation Materials ◽  
Industry Experience ◽  
Tools And Methods

Lost circulation presents one of the major risks associated with drilling. The complete prevention of lost circulation is impossible but limiting circulation loss is possible if certain precautions are taken. Industry experience has proved that is often easier and more effective to prevent the occurrence of loss than to attempt to stop or reduce them once they have started. The problem of lost circulation was magnified considerably when operators began drilling deeper and/or depleted formations. A strategy for successful management of lost circulation should include preventative (best drilling practices, drilling fluid selection, and wellbore strengthening materials) and remedial measures when lost circulation occurs through the use of lost circulation materials. In this paper the authors present lost circulation zones and causes, potential zones of lost circulation, excessive downhole pressures causes, preventive measures, tools and methods for locating loss zones and determining the severity of loss, lost circulation materials, and recommended treatments.

From a Seed to a Need: the Growth of Shape Memory Applications in Europe.

1991 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ir. J. Van Humbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
The Cost

AbstractA more systematic marketing research approach has finally revealed good ideas anticipating a market need for the use of shape memory alloys. The success of those new ideas, prototypes and applications are analysed in terms of “the value of the function”, defined as the importance of the function divided by the cost of providing the function. A high importance and/or a low cost of the function are thus the basic requirements for the successful introduction of shape memory applications. Attention is also paid to the way how the 4 P's, product, price, place, promotion (the marketing mix) are applied by the European companies. Those different items will be illustrated on the basis of some small-, medium- and largescale applications, used in different markets. “to the point research”, fundamental and applied, on material properties as well as on manufacturing (cost reduction) is being discussed as the key factor to increase the function value.

Failure Analysis of the Tripping Operation and its Impact on Well Control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed Abimbola ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Vikram Garaniya ◽  
Stephen Butt
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Cost

As the cost of drilling and completion of offshore well is soaring, efforts are required for better well planning. Safety is to be given the highest priority over all other aspects of well planning. Among different element of drilling, well control is one of the most critical components for the safety of the operation, employees and the environment. Primary well control is ensured by keeping the hydrostatic pressure of the mud above the pore pressure across an open hole section. A loss of well control implies an influx of formation fluid into the wellbore which can culminate to a blowout if uncontrollable. Among the factors that contribute to a blowout are: stuck pipe, casing failure, swabbing, cementing, equipment failure and drilling into other well. Swabbing often occurs during tripping out of an open hole. In this study, investigations of the effects of tripping operation on primary well control are conducted. Failure scenarios of tripping operations in conventional overbalanced drilling and managed pressure drilling are studied using fault tree analysis. These scenarios are subsequently mapped into Bayesian Networks to overcome fault tree modelling limitations such s dependability assessment and common cause failure. The analysis of the BN models identified RCD failure, BHP reduction due to insufficient mud density and lost circulation, DAPC integrated control system, DAPC choke manifold, DAPC back pressure pump, and human error as critical elements in the loss of well control through tripping out operation.

scholarly journals Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Silver Oxide by Plasma Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka ◽  
Anna Kowalik-Klimczak ◽  
Ewa Woskowicz ◽  
Piotr Wieciński ◽  
Monika Łożyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Silver Oxide ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
The Cost

Microfiltration (MF) membranes have been widely used for the separation and concentration of various components in food processing, biotechnology and wastewater treatment. The deposition of components from the feed solution and accumulation of bacteria on the surface and in the membrane matrix greatly reduce the effectiveness of MF. This is due to a decrease in the separation efficiency of the membrane, which contributes to a significant increase in operating costs and the cost of exploitative parts. In recent years, significant interest has arisen in the field of membrane modifications to make their surfaces resistant to the deposition of components from the feed solution and the accumulation of bacteria. The aim of this work was to develop appropriate process parameters for the plasma surface deposition of silver oxide (AgO) on MF polyamide membranes, which enables the fabrication of filtration materials with high permeability and antibacterial properties.

Some Noteworthy Aspects in Designing High-Speed PCB

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 846-850
Author(s):  
Jiang Hong ◽  
Zhi Wei Tang ◽  
Long Hu Chen
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Pcb Design ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Switch Rate ◽  
The Cost

With the increase of integrated circuit switch rate and PCB density, signal integrity has become one of the problems must be concerned in high-speed PCB design. How to fully consider EMC (Electromagnetic compatibility) and take effective measures has been a key factor of a system design. Based on the consideration of EMC, the author put forward some aspects in designing high-speed PCB. The optimized PCB design rules have steady and credible performance, the development period is shortened and the cost is reduced. The conclusions drawn from the dissertation are helpful to the design of high-speed PCB.

scholarly journals Soil-concrete for use in the 3D printers in the construction of buildings and structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Iubin ◽  
Lubov Zakrevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays, the construction of cement composite using 3D printers is considered one of the most promising methods of automation of building processes. However, the compositions of cement composites have several disadvantages, such as high cost, short workability and etc. It has been suggested that clay soil as an additive will help to solve these problems partially. The aim of the work is development the cement compositions with clay soil, for use in 3D printers to construction. The composite consists of cement paste with clay soil and additives. To study printability of a composite the rheological properties in a fresh state were studied. The study of the rheological properties of composites was carried out using a flow table test for mortar. The key factor for determining the suitability of the composite for printing was accepted the diameter of the cone after shaking. The test results showed the possibility of replacing cement paste with clay soil up to 25% which leads to a reduction in the cost and an increase in printability with a slight decrease in the strength of the obtained material to 7%. Utilizing of soil from the construction site provides maximum economic efficiency of the material application.

Stress and distress: the art and science of dispatcher’s assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Régine Zandona ◽  
Aline Gillet ◽  
Céline Stassart ◽  
Laura Nothelier ◽  
Anne-Sophie Delfosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Chain Of Survival ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
The Cost

<p>Chances of survival following a cardiac arrest are very low and inversely proportional to the duration of cardiovascular arrest. It is of critical importance to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as soon as possible, even before the arrival of emergency medical team (EMT) on the scene. Therefore, early bystander CPR is a key factor in improving survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA). In Belgium, the ALERT algorithm (Algorithme Liégeois d’Encadrement à la Réanimation par Téléphone<a title="" href="#_ftn1">[1]</a> offers the opportunity to help bystanders perform CPR. Dispatchers’ assisted telephone CPR has introduced a new link in the chain of survival, that contributes to a reduced OOH-CA mortality rate but at the cost of increased responsibilities and stress. ALERT also gives a new role to bystanders; they are no longer just spectators but become actors when they witness a cardiac arrest. Our team was interested in the psychological burden of ALERT. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of CPR performed by untrained persons. We studied the potential influence of different coping strategies on this impact, as well as the possible correlation with the degree of attachment to the victim and the risk of developing PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). We noticed that some psychological negative impact on the bystanders could be recognized. We also identified beneficial and detrimental coping strategies.  In the future, we wonder if Video-CPR (V-CPR) might improve the quality of resuscitation.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Algorithm for CPR guidance over the phone originating from Liege, Belgium</p></div></div>

Optimizing the Operation Sequence of Chip Shooter Machine Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 1271-1276
Author(s):  
Wan Lei Liang ◽  
Xiao Dan Guan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Method ◽  
Scheduling Method ◽  
The Cost

The mounting process is the key factor of the placement efficiency, it is also important for the improvement of the efficiency of whole production line and decrease of the cost. This paper analyzed the mounting process of the Chip Shooter machine, applied the PSO algorithm, constructed the corresponding coding system, proposed the corresponding particle update mechanism, introduced the partially matched crossover idea of the genetic algorithm into the PSO algorithm, and designed the new re-scheduling method of feeder position assignment to optimize the position assignment of feeders and the pickup and placement sequence of components, thus improved the placement efficiency. After comparing the results before and after the simulation test for selected 8 pieces of PCB, the average efficiency of this algorithm is 7.09% higher than genetic algorithm method that is based on sort encoding. The experimental result shows that, this algorithm is more efficiency on the improvement placement efficiency and decrease of the placement time for the chip shooter machine.

Thermal Analysis of Concentrated Photovoltaic System

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2213-2218
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Zhang ◽  
Zi Long Wang ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Energy Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Cost

Studying the thermal process of concentrating system could help us better understand how photovoltaic system works and seek ways to increase electricity production so as to reduce the cost of power generation. Energy transfer of concentrating photovoltaic system includes the process of light to electricity and the process of direct current to alternating current. This paper presents the factors that affect the energy transfer efficiency of the former one. And at last author points out that the key factor to increase the power production of photovoltaic system is controlling the temperatu- re of solar cell.

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