Vulnerability to Climate Change

2017 ◽  
pp. 1393-1416
Author(s):  
Sibananda Senapati ◽  
Vijaya Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
The City

This paper is based on a detail review of literature available in the area of climate change, vulnerability and impact assessment. Methodological issues pertaining to vulnerability like; development of vulnerability indicators, process of indicator selection etc are the main focus in this paper. As discussed indicators are more acceptable, easy to understand and help in comparing across regions. However, indicators also possess a number of limitations. There are issues in selecting indicators and how to aggregate their values. The current study tries to overcome those issues through a primary study. The study region is Mumbai, India and ‘Koli' fishing communities reside in the city. The socio-economic implications of climate change and vulnerability of communities depending on fishery are estimated by developing vulnerability indicators using Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Further experts opinions are considered while selecting indicators. Vulnerability indicators are derived from literature and validated through experts' opinion. Experts are chosen from higher learning institutes in the city. In the climate change literature vulnerability mainly divided into exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The indicators of sensitivity and exposure under vulnerability are combined here and categorized into two: livelihood and perceived changes. Similarly the indicators of adaptive capacity are of five categories comprising human, physical, financial, social and government policy related indicators. Thus a total 30 indicators are selected. Among five fishing villages surveyed, fishermen from Madh and Worli are found more vulnerable because of their high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity. The derived vulnerability scores are further compared and analyzed against the scores derived from experts. The overall result shows the experts value of indicators are similar with the indicator score derived in the study using simple aggregate method. This study further provides policy implications for reducing vulnerability of fishing villages.

Vulnerability to Climate Change

2016 ◽  
pp. 82-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibananda Senapati ◽  
Vijaya Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
The City

This paper is based on a detail review of literature available in the area of climate change, vulnerability and impact assessment. Methodological issues pertaining to vulnerability like; development of vulnerability indicators, process of indicator selection etc are the main focus in this paper. As discussed indicators are more acceptable, easy to understand and help in comparing across regions. However, indicators also possess a number of limitations. There are issues in selecting indicators and how to aggregate their values. The current study tries to overcome those issues through a primary study. The study region is Mumbai, India and ‘Koli' fishing communities reside in the city. The socio-economic implications of climate change and vulnerability of communities depending on fishery are estimated by developing vulnerability indicators using Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Further experts opinions are considered while selecting indicators. Vulnerability indicators are derived from literature and validated through experts' opinion. Experts are chosen from higher learning institutes in the city. In the climate change literature vulnerability mainly divided into exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The indicators of sensitivity and exposure under vulnerability are combined here and categorized into two: livelihood and perceived changes. Similarly the indicators of adaptive capacity are of five categories comprising human, physical, financial, social and government policy related indicators. Thus a total 30 indicators are selected. Among five fishing villages surveyed, fishermen from Madh and Worli are found more vulnerable because of their high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity. The derived vulnerability scores are further compared and analyzed against the scores derived from experts. The overall result shows the experts value of indicators are similar with the indicator score derived in the study using simple aggregate method. This study further provides policy implications for reducing vulnerability of fishing villages.

scholarly journals Determination of Perception and Adaptive Capacity towards Climate Change among Paddy Farmers in State of Kelantan, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Nik Anis Nik Abdullah ◽  
Zalina Zahidah Abdul Karim ◽  
Siti Aida Sheikh Hussin ◽  
Siti Shaliza Mohd Khairi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
The Right

Rapid changes in the climatic factors affect paddy farming in Malaysia. As Kelantan is the most vulnerable state to climate variations, its paddy production is negatively affected. Proper mitigation and adaptation approach can reduce paddy farmers’ vulnerability to climate change. Hence, it is important to the paddy farmers to cope with climate change by having the right perception to ensure farmers take the right decisions on dealing with climate change. There are four objectives of this study which include estimating the trend of climate change in Kelantan using Mann-Kendall test, determining paddy farmers’ perceptions towards climate change, measuring paddy farmers’ adaptive capability using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and ascertaining associated factors of the adaptive capacity of paddy farmers using Binary Logistic Regression. Results showed that majority (85.9%) of paddy farmers in Kelantan perceived changes in climate but only 62.9% of paddy farmers were highly adaptive towards climate change. Finally, age, monthly income, and district were found to be significantly associated with paddy farmers’ adaptive capacity towards climate change. Although, most paddy farmers in Kelantan were highly adaptive towards climate change, government and related agencies still need to take some efforts and initiatives to enhance the farmers’ adaptation towards climate change.   

scholarly journals Livelihood Assets and Activities in Two East Coast Communities of Zanzibar and Implications for Vulnerability to Climate Change and Non-Climate Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Makame Omar Makame ◽  
Layla Ali Salum ◽  
Richard Y. M. Kangalawe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Community Assets ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Livelihood Capitals

Climate variability related events such as drought and associated food shortages are not new along the coast of Zanzibar, but are projected to increase with the impacts of global climate change. This paper examines the ‘internal’ characteristics that make Zanzibar’s coastal communities vulnerable to these and other changes, focusing on the factors that affect adaptive capacity (i.e. household and community assets) and sensitivity (i.e. livelihood activities and diversification). The sustainable livelihood approach and framework, especially the five capitals or assets, provided a lens to examine households’ capital stocks and the factors influencing access to these, as well as the outcomes for livelihood activities. Access to different capitals and assets were found to affect the range and choices of livelihood activities available to households as well as their ability to cope and adapt to existing and new risk. Our analysis shows how households on the drier and harsher east coast of the Zanzibar islands are particularly sensitive to climate variability and change in concert with other livelihoods challenges. This is primarily due to their high dependence on natural-resource based livelihood activities, which are already facing pressures. Moreover, low levels of most livelihood capitals limit the choices households have and undermine their adaptive capacity and ability to bounce back from climate and other shocks and stressors.

scholarly journals Future climate change vulnerability of endemic island mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Leclerc ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Céline Bellard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Insular Ecosystems

Abstract Despite their high vulnerability, insular ecosystems have been largely ignored in climate change assessments, and when they are investigated, studies tend to focus on exposure to threats instead of vulnerability. The present study examines climate change vulnerability of islands, focusing on endemic mammals and by 2050 (RCPs 6.0 and 8.5), using trait-based and quantitative-vulnerability frameworks that take into account exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Our results suggest that all islands and archipelagos show a certain level of vulnerability to future climate change, that is typically more important in Pacific Ocean ones. Among the drivers of vulnerability to climate change, exposure was rarely the main one and did not explain the pattern of vulnerability. In addition, endemic mammals with long generation lengths and high dietary specializations are predicted to be the most vulnerable to climate change. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring islands vulnerability to identify the highest climate change impacts and to avoid the extinction of unique biodiversity.

scholarly journals Vulnerability analysis of capture fisheries to climate change based on the Province Scale (exposure and sensitivity analysis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
V Mandhalika ◽  
A B Sambah ◽  
D O Sutjipto ◽  
F Iranawati ◽  
M A Z Fuad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Exposure Analysis ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Very High

Abstract Fisheries has a major contribution for the Indonesian economy both on a local and national scale. However, the phenomenon of climate change can threaten the sustainability of this sector. Therefore, a scientific approach is needed to determine the level of risk and adaptation strategies for fisheries, one of which is through vulnerability analysis. Vulnerability is the final analysis resulted from the analysis of sensitivity and exposure. Both of these analyses are important to determine the parameters that will affect the value of the fishery vulnerability to climate change. This research is focused on sensitivity and exposure analysis with the coverage limit is the province area to determine the sensitivity and exposure index that exists in the study area. The result will be important input in further research for the vulnerability of capture fisheries to climate change. Three provinces in Indonesia were selected through purposive sampling method. The source of data for indices variables were using recorded data in 2009-2020 from relevant sources. Result described that SST variability in the three provinces has the same pattern. In the exposure analysis, the SST is linked to the catch resulting in different exposure statuses in each province. It also illustrated those areas with a very high number of fishermen and catches will have very high sensitivity. The research will support in the sustainable management of capture fish at the province scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability at the Local Level: A Case Study on the Dniester River Basin (Moldova)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Corobov ◽  
Igor Sîrodoev ◽  
Sonja Koeppel ◽  
Nickolai Denisov ◽  
Ghennadi Sîrodoev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sensitivity Assessment ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

Vulnerability to climate change of the Moldavian part of the Dniester river was assessed as the function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of its basin’s natural and socioeconomic systems. As a spatial “scale” of the assessment, Moldova’s administrative-territorial units (ATUs) were selected. The exposure assessment was based on the climatic analysis of baseline (1971–2000) temperature and precipitation and projections of their changes in 2021–2050, separately for cold and warm periods. The sensitivity assessment included physiographical and socioeconomic characteristics, described by a set of specific indicators. The adaptive capacity was expressed by general economic and agricultural indicators, taking into consideration the medical provision and housing conditions. Through a ranking approach, the relative vulnerability of each ATU was calculated by summing its sensitivity and adaptive capacity ranks; the latter were obtained as combinations of their primary indicator ranks, arranged in an increasing and decreasing order, respectively. Due to lack of sound knowledge on these components' importance in overall assessment of vulnerability, their weights were taken as conventionally equal. Mapping of vulnerability revealed that ATUs neighboring to municipalities are the most vulnerable and need special attention in climate change adaptation. The basin’s “hotspots” were discussed with public participation.

scholarly journals Vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en Pedernales, Ecuador: retos desde el agua/ Vulnerability to climate change in Pedernales, Ecuador: challenges from the water

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Andrea Cevallos Aráuz ◽  
Cristhian Parrado Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
The State ◽  
Main River ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The City

Este artículo identifica las condiciones de vulnerabilidad y riesgo al cambio climático que presenta la ciudad de Pedernales (Ecuador) en relación con el agua. Caracteriza estas problemática en función de cuatro ejes: el estado de los recursos hídricos, las formas de ocupación sobre riberas, los mecanismos de circulación del agua y el sistema sociocultural de uso de este recurso. Luego describe cómo el enfoque de adaptación basado en un diseño urbano sensible al agua puede disminuir la vulnerabilidad que genera la contaminación de las riberas del principal río de la ciudad. A partir de esto se busca debatir los retos que para la agenda local implicaría la recuperación integral de riberas y ríos a través de procesos de restauración ecológica y mejoramiento paisajístico. Abstract This article identifies the conditions of vulnerability and risk to climate change presented by the city of Pedernales (Ecuador) in relation to water. It characterizes these problems according to four axes: the state of water resources, the forms of occupation on riverbanks, the mechanisms of water circulation, and the sociocultural system of use of this resource. Then he describes how the adaptation approach based on an urban design sensitive to water can reduce the vulnerability generated by pollution of the banks of the main river in the city. From this, it is sought to discuss the challenges that for the local agenda would imply the integral recovery of banks and rivers through processes of ecological restoration and landscape improvement.

Evaluating the Community’s Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change at the Household Level: Evidences from a Survey in Rang Dong Town, Nghia Hung District, Nam Dinh Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dam Thi Tuyet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Development ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This research used the sustainable livelihood framework developed by the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (2001) to evaluate the community’s adaptive capacity to climate change in Rang Dong town, Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province. In-depth interviews were conducted with 79 households to explore their opinions and rating about symptoms and impacts of climate change related to their families’s livelihoods. The interviews also focused on the methods that the households used to respond to climate change. The research findings show that the households’ capacity to climate change is generally weak. The households’ livelihood resources there are utlised at a low level and these resources are insufficient to support them in responding to climate change.

scholarly journals Communities’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Variability in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misganaw Teshager Abeje ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Zerihun Nigussie ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood

Ethiopia has experienced more than 10 major drought episodes since the 1970s. Evidence has shown that climate change exacerbates the situation and presents a daunting challenge to predominantly rain-fed agricultural livelihoods. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent and sources of smallholder famers’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change/variability in the Upper Blue Nile basin. We conducted a household survey (n = 391) across three distinct agroecological communities and a formative composite index of livelihood vulnerability (LVI) was constructed. The Mann–Kendall test and the standard precipitation index (SPI) were employed to analyze trends of rainfall, temperature, and drought prevalence for the period from 1982 to 2016. The communities across watersheds showed a relative difference in the overall livelihood vulnerability index. Aba Gerima (midland) was found to be more vulnerable, with a score of 0.37, while Guder (highland) had a relatively lower LVI with a 0.34 index score. Given similar exposure to climate variability and drought episodes, communities’ livelihood vulnerability was mainly attributed to their low adaptive capacity and higher sensitivity indicators. Adaptive capacity was largely constrained by a lack of participation in community-based organizations and a lack of income diversification. This study will have practical implications for policy development in heterogeneous agroecological regions for sustainable livelihood development and climate change adaptation programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater quantitative vulnerability to climate change in Slovenia

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Jože UHAN ◽  
Mišo ANDJELOV
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Negative Impacts

Assessment ofthe potential impact of climate change on groundwater recharge and availability of groundwater resources is as essential in Slovenia as it is elsewhere. Adaptive planning is of immense importance when aiming for reduction of negative impacts, even more so in areas with the highest groundwater exploitation levels and the lowest adaptive capacity. We have assessed quantitative groundwater vulnerability to climate change through potential impact and adaptive capacity indicators for all groundwater bodies in Slovenia. High and moderatly high quantitative groundwater vulnerability can be observed in merely 9 % of Slovenian territory. The highest quantitative vulnerability was accounted to shallow alluvial groundwater bodies in the northeastern part of the country, where the annual change in groundwater recharge due to climate change until the middle of this century is expected to represent more than a quarter of the current average annual groundwater extraction.

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