Modeling of Polypropylene Modified Bitumen Mix Design Results Using Regression Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 256-275
Author(s):  
Kaval Chhabra ◽  
Divesh Agrawal ◽  
Saladi S. V. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Unit Weight ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Plastic Content

This study investigates the effects of mixing Polypropylene waste plastics in the bituminous mix for the design of Flexible Pavement. Since, obtaining Marshall Test results from the bituminous mix is time-consuming, so if the practitioners measure the values of stability and flow by mechanical testing, other computations can be done by applying simple mathematical calculations. So, this study carried out stability and flow tests on different specimens made with varying bitumen and polypropylene plastic content. From the initial test results, the optimum bitumen and plastic contents are found. Further, the test results obtained from Marshall Test are modelled by identifying various input variables, which are various physical properties of the mix such as plastic content, bitumen content, air voids and unit weight. The regression modeling framework is adopted in this study to predict the Marshall stability and flow value. Since the developed models have yielded good results, these can be effectively used in parameter estimation, and thus aids the future researchers.

Modeling of Polypropylene Modified Bitumen Mix Design Results Using Regression Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1644-1663
Author(s):  
Kaval Chhabra ◽  
Divesh Agrawal ◽  
Saladi S. V. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Unit Weight ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Plastic Content

This study investigates the effects of mixing Polypropylene waste plastics in the bituminous mix for the design of Flexible Pavement. Since, obtaining Marshall Test results from the bituminous mix is time-consuming, so if the practitioners measure the values of stability and flow by mechanical testing, other computations can be done by applying simple mathematical calculations. So, this study carried out stability and flow tests on different specimens made with varying bitumen and polypropylene plastic content. From the initial test results, the optimum bitumen and plastic contents are found. Further, the test results obtained from Marshall Test are modelled by identifying various input variables, which are various physical properties of the mix such as plastic content, bitumen content, air voids and unit weight. The regression modeling framework is adopted in this study to predict the Marshall stability and flow value. Since the developed models have yielded good results, these can be effectively used in parameter estimation, and thus aids the future researchers.

scholarly journals An investigation on the effects of flaky particles on the properties of asphaltic mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Kazemi Darabadi ◽  
Hasan Taherkhani
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Static Creep ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Creep Stiffness ◽  
Marshall Stability

Flaky particles, because of their shape, are considered as inferior aggregates in asphaltic mixtures, and specifications usually set limits on the amount of flaky particles in asphaltic mixtures. In this study, the effects of flaky particles content on the volumetric properties, Marshall Stability and creep behaviour of hot mixed asphaltic concrete have been investigated. Specimens with two different types of gradation and specified amounts of flaky particles were made and used for Marshall Stability and static creep tests. Test results show that the Marshall Stability decreases and the air voids content of asphaltic mixture and the voids in mineral aggregate increase as the flaky particles content increases. It is also found that flaky particles cause increase in permanent deformation and decrease in creep stiffness. The creep tests also show that the recoverable deformation of the mixtures decreases as the flaky particles content increases.

scholarly journals Stability and Volumetric Properties of Colored Asphalt Mixtures Containing Iron Oxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Samer Ali Naji ◽  
Alaa H. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Limestone Dust ◽  
Marshall Stability

The objective of this paper is find the effect of using iron oxide as a filler on the Marshall stability, flow and the volumetric properties of HMA and compared the results with conventional HMA using limestone dust. Three blends were used: coarse, mid and fine with neat bitumen (AC 40-50). One aggregate type (crushed) with two types of fillers: limestone and iron oxide III (α- ) with three different filler content 6%, 8% and 10%. The Marshall mix design was conducted on the three blends and the optimum binder content is computed for each blend. The Marshall stability test results and the volumetric properties analysis showed that increasing the iron oxide content from 6% to 10%  increases the stability about 28%, 17% , 16% for the coarse , mid and fine mixtures respectively. This increment in stability of mixtures using iron oxide related to the increment in specific gravity of the mix (Gmb) by (1.3% to 1.5% about 30 to 50 kg/m3). On the other hand, the flow of mixtures is decreased about (5%) for mixes using iron oxide than the ones that used limestone as filler. The fine blend with 10% iron oxide exhibit the highest stability of 13.3 kN. While the coarse blend stability was 10 kN for the same filler type and content. Generally, the Marshall Test results of HMA using iron oxide as filler showed better resistance to plastic deformation, also produce denser HMA with higher stiffness. On the other hand, the volumetric properties analysis showed lesser values as compared with conventional mixture where the void in mineral aggregates and void filled with asphalt has decreased but within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Marshall properties of waste polymer and nanoclay modified bitumen

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sadeque ◽  
K.A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Waste Tyre ◽  
Waste Polymer ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanoclay

Polymer modified bitumen is emerging as one of the important construction materials for flexible pavements. The addition of polymers in bitumen improves the deformational stability and durability of bitumen. Also Montmorillonite nanoclay has been successfully used as additive in polymer to significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties. The present study, the effect of waste low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) obtained from waste carry bag, crumb rubber obtained from Waste tyre (CR)and nanoclay (MMT) on Marshall stability have been evaluated. Waste plastics, whose disposal is a matter of concern can be used successfully to modify the bitumen, these waste polymers are added in 2%, 4% and 6% whereas nanoclay is added in 1,2 and 3 % in 60/70 penetration grade bitumen and its effect on stability and flow of bitumen are evaluated. The result of experimental study shows that there is significant improvement in the Marshall Stability of bitumen due addition of waste polymer and nanoclay.

scholarly journals Stiffness Data of High-Modulus Asphalt Concretes for Road Pavements: Predictive Modeling by Machine-Learning

Coatings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nicola Baldo ◽  
Matteo Miani ◽  
Fabio Rondinella ◽  
Jan Valentin ◽  
Pavla Vackcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents a study about a Machine Learning approach for modeling the stiffness of different high-modulus asphalt concretes (HMAC) prepared in the laboratory with harder paving grades or polymer-modified bitumen which were designed with or without reclaimed asphalt (RA) content. Notably, the mixtures considered in this study are not part of purposeful experimentation in support of modeling, but practical solutions developed in actual mix design processes. Since Machine Learning models require a careful definition of the network hyperparameters, a Bayesian optimization process was used to identify the neural topology, as well as the transfer function, optimal for the type of modeling needed. By employing different performance metrics, it was possible to compare the optimal models obtained by diversifying the type of inputs. Using variables related to the mix composition, namely bitumen content, air voids, maximum and average bulk density, along with a categorical variable that distinguishes the bitumen type and RAP percentages, successful predictions of the Stiffness have been obtained, with a determination coefficient (R2) value equal to 0.9909. Nevertheless, the use of additional input, namely the Marshall stability or quotient, allows the Stiffness prediction to be further improved, with R2 values equal to 0.9938 or 0.9922, respectively. However, the cost and time involved in the Marshall test may not justify such a slight prediction improvement.

scholarly journals The Suitability of Bailey Method for Design of Local Asphalt Concrete Mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-839
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fahim Rahi ◽  
Amjad Albayati
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Aggregate Interlocking ◽  
Air Void

The study investigated the behaviour of asphalt concrete mixes for aggregate gradations, according to the Iraqi specification using the Bailey method designed by an Excel spreadsheet. In mixing aggregates with varying gradations (coarse and fine aggregate), The Bailey method is a systematic methodology that offers aggregate interlocking as the backbone of the framework and a controlled gradation to complete the blends. Six types of gradation are used according to the bailey method considered in this study. Two-course prepared Asphalt Concrete Wearing and Asphalt Concrete binder, the Nominal Maximum Aggregate Sizes (NMAS) of the mixtures are 19 and 12.5 mm, respectively. The total number of specimens was 240 for both layers (15 samples) for each Chosen Unit Weight (CUW). The Marshall Test results show the increase in stability and decrease in flow and bulk density when the rise in CUW for both courses. In volumetric properties, VMA increases when the increase in CUW. When an increase in CUW air void increases gradually. The permanent deformation for the coarse aggregate (95, 100, 105% CUW) has more resistances than the fine aggregate (80, 85, 90%) wearing and binder coarse. The CUW (105%) blend of wearing, and binder course has a high value of stability and resistance to permanent deformation (11.9, 11.1 kN). The CUW above mentioned is considered a good design aggregate structure and produces improvement to the Marshall properties, leading to better performance for pavement roads and higher resistance to distresses. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091693 Full Text: PDF

Utilization of Waste Plastics in Stone Mastic Asphalt for Infrastructural Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Wong ◽  
A.A. Htwe ◽  
S.H. Oh ◽  
T.Y. Leo ◽  
J. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Underground Construction ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Polymer Modifier ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

This paper reports an experimental study on the use of waste plastics in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) for infrastructural applications (e.g. roads, carparks and underground construction). The binders investigated were conventional bitumen, target bitumen (polymer modified bitumen) and waste plastics (recycled low-density polyethylene LDPE of 5 wt% and 10 wt% blends). The properties of bitumen were assessed based on its penetration value and softening point; while the performance of asphalt premix (or asphalt mixture) was evaluated based on its Marshall stability, flow and quotient. The asphalt mixture incorporating waste plastics (10 wt% LDPE blend) as polymer modifier could be a promising material for use in SMA for infrastructural applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the potential of sasobit polymer as an additive in bitumen and asphaltic concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
H. Mohammed ◽  
S.A. Adefesobi
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Mineral Aggregate ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

This paper evaluated the effects of sasobit polymer (Sasobit®) on the characteristics of asphaltic concrete with a view to investigating its suitability as an additive in asphaltic concrete. Sasobit®, bitumen and aggregates were procured from a Construction Company site office, along Shagamu-Ibadan expressway. Sasobit® modified bitumen was prepared by adding Sasobit® to bitumen with increasing weight of Sasobit® at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 % by the weight of the bitumen. Penetration and softening point tests were carried out on the samples and the mix-ratio for the bitumen – polymer mixture was determined. Asphaltic concrete samples with and without Sasobit® were prepared. The samples were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The stability, flow, specific density, voids filled with bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) weredetermined. The values of stability, flow, specific density, voids filled with bitumen, air voids and voids filled in the mineral aggregates for sample without Sasobit® were 13.63 kN 2.91 mm, 2.51, 64.64 %, 4.29 % and 18.19 %, respectively, while for those with Sasobit® at mix – ratio of 1.7 % bitumen – polymer mixture, the values were 14.67 kN, 2.41 mm, 2.55, 73.30 %, 3.96 % and 16.39 % respectively. The result showed that, Sasobit® as additive in asphaltic concrete improved its properties. Keywords: Sasobit®, Asphaltic Concrete, Stability, Flow, Voids filled with bitumen, Air voids, Voids in mineral aggregate

scholarly journals Study on Plastic Coated Overburnt Brick Aggregate as an Alternative Material for Bituminous Road Construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Sarkar ◽  
Manish Pal ◽  
Ashoke K. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Constructional Work ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Bituminous Concrete

There are different places in India where natural stone aggregates are not available for constructional work. Plastic coated OBBA can solve the problem of shortage of stone aggregate to some extent. The engineers are always encouraged to use locally available materials. The present investigation is carried out to evaluate the plastic coated OBBA as an alternative material for bituminous road construction. Shredded waste plastics are mixed with OBBA in different percentages as 0.38, 0.42, 0.46, 0.50, 0.54, and 0.60 of the weight of brick aggregates. Marshall Method of mix design is carried out to find the optimum bitumen content of such bituminous concrete mix prepared by plastic coated OBBA. Bulk density, Marshall Stability, flow, Marshall Quotient, ITS, TSR, stripping, fatigue life, and deformations have been determined accordingly. Marshall Stability value of 0.54 percent of plastic mix is comparatively higher than the other mixes except 0.60 percent of plastic mix. Test results are within the prescribed limit for 0.54 percent of plastic mix. There is a significant reduction in rutting characteristics of the same plastic mix. The fatigue life of the mix is also significantly higher. Thus plastic coated OBBA is found suitable in construction of bituminous concrete road.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of WMA Containing Re-Refined Acidic Sludge and Amorphous Poly Alpha Olefin (APAO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Mansour Fakhri ◽  
Danial Arzjani ◽  
Pooyan Ayar ◽  
Maede Mottaghi ◽  
Nima Arzjani
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Alpha Olefin

The use of waste materials has been increasingly conceived as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in the road construction industry, as concerns have arisen from the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources in recent years. Re-refined acidic sludge (RAS) obtained from a waste material—acidic sludge—is an alternative source for bitumen. This study’s primary purpose is to evaluate the resistance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing RAS and a polymeric additive against moisture damage and rutting. The modified bitumen studied in this research is a mixture of virgin bitumen 60/70, RAS (10, 20, and 30%), and amorphous poly alpha olefin (APAO) polymer. To this end, Marshall test, moisture susceptibility tests (i.e., tensile strength ratio (TSR), residual Marshall, and Texas boiling water), resilient modulus, and rutting assessment tests (i.e., dynamic creep, Marshall quotient, and Kim) were carried out. The results showed superior values for modified mixtures compared to the control mix considering the Marshall test. Moreover, the probability of a reduction in mixes’ moisture damage was proved by moisture sensitivity tests. The results showed that modified mixtures could improve asphalt mixtures’ permanent deformation resistance and its resilience modulus. Asphalt mixtures containing 20% RAS (substitute for bitumen) showed a better performance in all the experiments among the samples tested.

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