Institutional Arrangements in Public Utilities and Public Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Anna V. Ermishina
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Since the early 2000s a policy of attracting private operators to public utilities, which should help to increase productivity, reduce costs, and as a result, reduce utility prices, has taken place in Russia. The aim of the chapter is to identify the relationship between institutional arrangements and efficiency of water and sewer services. Statistical and cluster analysis was applied to empirical data on water utilities in the 13 largest cities in Russia. There were the differences in the level and dynamics of prices and other indicators for water supply and sewer services in the group of public utilities and public-private water utilities.

scholarly journals Morphometrics of the tribe Merremieae Austin (Convolvulacae) from India

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
S. A. Deshmukh ◽  
Vinod B. Shimpale
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Sixteen species of the tribe Merremieae Austin (Convolvulaceae) from India were morphometrically analyzed with the help of Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis to explain the relationship between them. PCA showed that quantitative characters like corolla breadth, fruit breadth and length of paracot leaf play important role in bringing together all the species in the same tribe while the characters like leaf length, leaf breadth, petiole length, pedicel length, calyx length and calyx breadth play vital role in the delimitation of taxa within the tribe Merremieae. Cluster analysis and dendrogram revealed that, the genus Operculina S. Manso is segregated from Merremia Denns. ex Endlich.; genus Hewittia Wight. & Arn. is very close to Merremia, probably originated from M. aegyptia (L.) Urban and M. dissecta (Jacq.) Hall. f. cluster and genus Xenostegia Austin & Staples is isolated in the separate cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21350Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 21(2): 121-128, 2014 (December)

Variability in Daily Events and Mood of Family Caregivers to Cognitively Impaired Elders

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen E. Malonebeach ◽  
Steven H. Zarit ◽  
Dena Farbman
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Daily Events ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship of daily mood and daily events in a caregiving context. Family caregivers to demented elders ( N = 43) kept fourteen-day diaries of: 1) caregiving activities, 2) disruptive patient behaviors, and 3) daily mood. Independent raters and cluster analysis support the hypothesis of three mood patterns. Differences among the three clusters in the relationship of mood and daily caregiving events were explored. The findings indicate that some caregivers are highly distressed by caregiving demands, some report moderate levels of distress, and others show no relationship between mood and daily events. The varied patterns support an individual differences approach to understanding caregiving and in the design of interventions.

scholarly journals Directional correlation coefficient measures for Pythagorean fuzzy sets: their applications to medical diagnosis and cluster analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwei Lin ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Riqing Chen ◽  
Hamido Fujita ◽  
Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Membership Degree ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractCompared to the intuitionistic fuzzy sets, the Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) can provide the decision makers with more freedom to express their evaluation information. There exist some research results on the correlation coefficient between PFSs, but sometimes they fail to deal with the problems of disease diagnosis and cluster analysis. To tackle the drawbacks of the existing correlation coefficients between PFSs, some novel directional correlation coefficients are put forward to compute the relationship between two PFSs by taking four parameters of the PFSs into consideration, which are the membership degree, non-membership degree, strength of commitment, and direction of commitment. Afterwards, two practical examples are given to show the application of the proposed directional correlation coefficient in the disease diagnosis, and the application of the proposed weighted directional correlation coefficient in the cluster analysis. Finally, they are compared with the previous correlation coefficients that have been developed for PFSs.

scholarly journals Ozone Concentration at Ground Level Depending on the Content of NOx and Meteorological Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kalbarczyk ◽  
Eliza Kalbarczyk ◽  
Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak ◽  
Liliana Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Quality Assessment ◽  
Ambiguous Effect ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study analyzed the temporal variation of tropospheric ozone (O3) in Poznan (midwestern Poland) on the basis of data collected from a State Environmental Monitoring air quality assessment station. The aim was to investigate the distribution and variation of O3 levels and to assess the relationship with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and meteorological conditions. These relationships were assessed by multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis. The O3 levels showed a high annual, seasonal and daily volatility, and were significantly influenced by meteorological conditions and NOx levels. High O3 levels were accompanied by above-average levels of radiation (Rad), air temperature (Ta) and wind speed (Ws), together with below-average values of NOx and humidity (Rh). Atmospheric pressure (Ph) had an ambiguous effect on O3 levels.

From government-driven to commercially-driven mergers: changing drivers for upscaling in the Dutch water supply sector

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Considerations

Over the past century the Dutch water supply sector has undergone a process of upscaling in which the number of utilities dropped from 230 in the late 1930s to 14 in 2007. Although the policy of upscaling service provision has been continued over this period, the driving forces behind the upscaling process have changed from government-steered upscaling to mergers which are initiated and executed by the water utilities. The shift in drivFing forces reflects two interlinked changes in the Dutch water supply sector. First, it highlights a shift in objectives that public water utilities are expected to achieve. The government-driven mergers in the first part of the 20th century focused on expanding service coverage to the unserved population. The mergers of the past decade highlight the increasing emphasis on efficiency and “market position”. Secondly, the change in driving forces behind the mergers in the Dutch water supply sector, as illustrated by the case of Friesland, reflect the shift to a “new model of public management” in the water services sector in which public water utilities are expected to operate as autonomous agencies and on the basis of commercial principles (meaning that economic considerations for mergers predominate).

scholarly journals Relationship among eastern cottonwood genotypes according to early rooting traits

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic ◽  
Mile Ivanovic ◽  
Katarina Cobanovic ◽  
Emilija Nikolic-Djoric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between twelve genotypes of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was analyzed according to sixteen early rooting traits and cutting survival. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used on data that were standardized by common and by one alternative way of standardization. Alternative way of standardization (standardization with within-genotype standard deviation instead of standard deviation of genotypes? means) was used in order to emphasize the contribution of genotype to the effect of differences among genotypes on total variation. After bought ways the first principal component had high correlation with the most of rooting traits and cutting survival, while the second was mainly related to the traits of root formation on the basal cut of cutting (wound roots). Three difficult-to-root genotypes (S6-7, S1-3, 129/81) were distinctly grouped against other examined genotypes, by bought principal component and cluster analysis. There was a slight difference in grouping of easy-to-root genotypes (B-229 and PE19/66) among examined ways of standardization.

Ecological distribution of moss-dwelling tardigrades on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Deedee Kathman ◽  
Stephen F. Cross
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Replicate samples of tardigrades were collected at six altitudes from five mountains on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, to determine the relationship between species of tardigrades and altitude, and between species of tardigrades and species of mosses in which they were collected. A total of 13 696 tardigrades representing 39 species were collected and identified. Thirty-seven species of mosses were identified. Data were analyzed using principal components analysis and cluster analysis. The results from both multivariate statistical methods indicated that the distribution and abundance of tardigrades were not dependent upon the altitude or moss species.

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL IDENTITY OF 1ST YEAR AGRONOMY STUDENTS IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dovilė JONUŠIENĖ ◽  
Kristina KOVALČIKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between students’ occupational identity statuses and their mental health. A correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed with a sample of 167 first-year agronomy students in Lithuania. It was expected that a higher statuses of occupational identity will be related to better mental health. Expectations have been fulfilled only for achievement status, indicating that achievement (the highest identity status) is positively related with general and all components of mental health. Moreover, foreclosure identity status also was positively related with general and three components of mental health. In addition, the results indicated that diffusion identity status was negatively related with real evaluation of subjectively perceived mental health. Clustering analysis proposed two profiles: first of students with better mental health and higher achievement and foreclosure statuses, and second cluster for students with poorer mental health and higher diffusion and higher moratorium statuses. Implications of these findings for university counsellors and for faculty are presented.

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