The Health Impact of Eating Foods of Animal Origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Angela Saunders ◽  
Carol Zeuschner
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Health And Disease

While foods of animal origin, including red meat, poultry, seafood, eggs and dairy foods, are good sources of protein and other nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids, there is increasing evidence to suggest that regular consumption of animal foods may negatively impact health and disease risk. This chapter reviews the evidence linking high intakes of animal foods with chronic disease risk, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, and discusses some of the possible mechanisms to explain the association between animal food intake and disease risk. The benefits of plant-based and low-animal food options as solutions to reducing these risks are also discussed, along with implications and recommendations for adopting such diets.

Red Meat and Health

2016 ◽  
pp. 131-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Angela Saunders ◽  
Carol Zeuschner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.

scholarly journals CONVERGENT AGING LOCI: PATHWAYS THAT TRANSCEND INDIVIDUAL DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S221-S221
Author(s):  
Luke C Pilling ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
David Melzer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Thousands of loci across the genome have been identified for specific diseases in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), yet very few are associated with lifespan itself. We hypothesized that specific biological pathways transcend individual diseases and affect health and lifespan more broadly. Using the published results for the most recent GWAS for 10 key age-related diseases (including coronary artery disease, type-2 diabetes, and several cancers) we identified 22 loci with a strong genetic association with at least three of the diseases. These multi-trait aging loci include known genes affecting multiple diverse health end points, such as CDKN2A/B (9p21.3) and APOE. There are also novel multi-trait genes including SH2B3 and CASC8, likely involved in hallmark pathways of aging biology, including telomere shortening and inflammation. Several of these loci involve trade-offs between chronic disease risk and cancer.

scholarly journals Serum Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Men: The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki K. Virtanen ◽  
Jaakko Mursu ◽  
Sari Voutilainen ◽  
Matti Uusitupa ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor Study ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Heart Disease Risk

scholarly journals Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease Endpoints: Outcomes from a case study workshop for omega 3’s EPA and DHA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Racey ◽  
Amanda J. MacFarlane ◽  
S Carlson ◽  
Ken D Stark ◽  
Melanie Plourde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Epa And Dha

Given the focus on developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) based on chronic disease risk reduction and recent research for omega-3 long chain PUFA since the last DRI review, the Canadian Nutrition Society convened a panel of stakeholders for a one-day workshop in late 2019. Attendees discussed the new NASEM guidelines for establishing DRI values based on chronic disease risk endpoints and the strength of current evidence for EPA and DHA as it relates to the new guidelines. Novelty: Summarizes evidence and expert opinions regarding the potential for reviewing DRI values for EPA and DHA and cardiovascular disease risk and early development.

Developmental programming of cardiovascular function: a translational perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (22) ◽  
pp. 3023-3046
Author(s):  
Stephane L. Bourque ◽  
Sandra T. Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Fetal Origins ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Preclinical Work

Abstract The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a concept linking pre- and early postnatal exposures to environmental influences with long-term health outcomes and susceptibility to disease. It has provided a new perspective on the etiology and evolution of chronic disease risk, and as such is a classic example of a paradigm shift. What first emerged as the ‘fetal origins of disease’, the evolution of the DOHaD conceptual framework is a storied one in which preclinical studies played an important role. With its potential clinical applications of DOHaD, there is increasing desire to leverage this growing body of preclinical work to improve health outcomes in populations all over the world. In this review, we provide a perspective on the values and limitations of preclinical research, and the challenges that impede its translation. The review focuses largely on the developmental programming of cardiovascular function and begins with a brief discussion on the emergence of the ‘Barker hypothesis’, and its subsequent evolution into the more-encompassing DOHaD framework. We then discuss some fundamental pathophysiological processes by which developmental programming may occur, and attempt to define these as ‘instigator’ and ‘effector’ mechanisms, according to their role in early adversity. We conclude with a brief discussion of some notable challenges that hinder the translation of this preclinical work.

DNA Methylation of TXNIP Independently Associated with Inflammation and Diabetes Mellitus in Twins

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yijin Xiang ◽  
Zeyuan Wang ◽  
Qin Hui ◽  
Marta Gwinn ◽  
Viola Vaccarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Thioredoxin Interacting Protein ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Diabetes Development

Abstract Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a key role in diabetes development and prognosis through its role in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death as well as in upregulating the inflammatory response in hyperglycemia. DNA methylation (DNAm) of TXNIP (TXNIP-cg19693031) is associated with the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, its role in inflammation and its relationship with T2D remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the epigenetic associations of TXNIP-cg19693031 with a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and to examine whether these inflammatory biomarkers modify the association between TXNIP-cg19693031 methylation and diabetes in 218 middle-aged male twins from the Emory Twin Study. We confirmed the association of TXNIP-cg19693031 DNAm with T2D, as well as with HbA1c, insulin and fasting glucose. We found that hypomethylation at TXNIP-cg19693031 is strongly associated with both type 2 diabetes and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MMP-2, sRAGE and P-selectin); however, the relationship between TXNIP-cg19693031 and T2D is independent of the levels of these inflammatory biomarkers. Our results suggest that DNA methylation of TXNIP is linked with multiple biological processes, through which the TXNIP may have broad influence on chronic disease risk.

scholarly journals Association between the urban environment and chronic disease to identify communities at risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Wei Tan ◽  
Qianyu Yang ◽  
Yin Ai Lean ◽  
Joel Ruihan Koo ◽  
Alex R Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Abstract Background: With increasing urbanisation rates, assessments must be made on the impact of the built environment on the health of populations. As the bulk of healthcare expenditure in developed countries is borne by the elderly through chronic disease management and treatment costs, intervening using the built environment can have lasting population-wide effects. Methods: Using two cohort studies for training and validation, we quantified each individual’s local context based on their residential address and derived geographical exposures adapted from the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network guidelines. Bayesian inference was used to develop a regression model that examines the impacts of the geographical exposures and predicts mean body mass index and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction and stroke by communities. Results: The distance to the nearest retail outlet was found to be negatively associated with body mass index. Our prediction model shows good accuracy (AUC > 0.75) for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction and stroke. National-level maps were generated that predict the health of communities by mean body mass index and overall chronic disease risk. Conclusions: The predictive model has the ability to predict on a macro scale the overall health of a community. Understanding the geospatial distribution of chronic disease risk allows for evidence-based policymaking with urban–specific interventions that improve overall population health.

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