Understanding the Macroalgal Value Chain

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Anthony Cheshire ◽  
Sasi Nayar ◽  
Göran Roos
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Specialty Chemicals

The macroalgae value chain is similar to other plant-based production chains in that they go through the same chain of production, grow-out, harvesting, processing, utilization, and ultimately disposal. Extraction is a process specific only to the end product and can include the extraction of polysaccharides including hydrocolloids. The extraction process also contains other high-value specialty chemicals for use as additives in food and cosmetic products. This chapter explores the macroalgal value chain.

scholarly journals Investigating The Effects of Rainy Season On Open Cast Mining Operation: The Case of Wescoal Khanyisa Colliery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashudu Tlhatlhetji ◽  
Peter Kolapo
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Open Cast Mining ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Cast

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of rainy season in open cast mining and possible factors that could contribute to production loses during these rainy periods. The major issue at Wescoal’s Khanyisa Colliery is the impact that rainfall has on the coal extraction process during the rainy season. The opencast mine operation loses a significant amount of time that is supposed to be used to run the mining value chain by trying to deal with the effects of the rainfall. This study made use of acquired data from Khanyisa Colliery between the period of December 2019 and January 2020 rainy months in South Africa. This data includes, the amount of daily and weekly rainfall, the water pumping rate, frequency of breakdowns and success rate of load and haul. The average weekly rainfall was found to be 69 mm over the 8 weeks of the summer season. However, the adopted method of managing the mine water was not efficient enough as a result of a low capacity pump and their pumping rate in comparison to the volume of water in the pit. This has affected some sections in the mine as productivity dropped due to reduction in loading and hauling activities from the pit to the stockpiles. In order to improve the productivity, the authors made some suggestions than can enhance production during rainy seasons.

Viable Tailored Organic Fertilizer Alternatives From Waste Produced by Bio-Diesel Extraction Process and Tobacco Industry

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Chaturvedi ◽  
Santosh Satya ◽  
Geetanjali Kaushik ◽  
Arvind Chel
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation

Rapid depletion of conventional sources of energy and the growing environmental concern of their use warrant urgent attention to look for suitable energy alternatives. In this regard the seeds of Jatropha curcas, constituting 40–50% bio-crude oil are considered as one of the most promising alternatives for the production of bio-diesel. It is estimated that about 1.5 tons de-oiled cake is produced from seeds obtained from one hectare of plantation, utilized for bio-diesel extraction process. Being non-edible due to its toxic contents, cost effective safe disposal of this by-product can only be possible if there is a meaningful utilization. India’s tobacco industry is the second largest in the world after China, having vast area under tobacco cultivation. The wastes from tobacco industry lead to significant environmental pollution that has severe impacts on both flora and fauna. A few studies on this aspect have revealed that Jatropha and tobacco bio-wastes have potential to be used as organic fertilizers. The present study aims at developing appropriate bio-processes and formulation that utilize Jatropha seed cake and waste of tobacco industry as organic fertilizer for improving the growth of Chrysanthemum, a flower variety valued for its beauty and fragrance and having wide applications in cosmetic and perfumery products. Pot experiments were carried out by adding specific proportions of Jatropha de-oiled cake and tobacco waste to normal garden soil. The growth and morphological parameters of Chrysanthemum plants grown in pots prepared by the treated soil were monitored for 4–5 months and the results were recorded. The results have been encouraging as the treatments lead to a significant enhancement in flower growth as well as yield. 11.5% increase in number of buds per plant was recorded for treated soil as compared to the control soil. The number of flowers per plant also recorded an increase of 16% to 24% due to the effect of formulation applied to the soil. Similar trends were observed for other parameters like flower size, flower head size, flower weight and ray floret number. Through experimentation new composted organic fertilizer formulations, tailored to specific commercial crop has been developed. The research findings would enable these bio-wastes to be used as a viable alternative to the energy intensive chemical fertilizers for floriculture, thus contributing to the mitigation of global climate change. This addition in the value chain would improve the financial viability of bio-diesel extraction process. This new synergistic organic fertilizer formulation when used as an alternative to nitrogenous chemical fertilizers would also provide an opportunity to earn carbon credits which is estimated to be € 67904 millions/year.

scholarly journals CO2 Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil of Jordanian Rosemary

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Allawzi ◽  
Hussein Allaboun ◽  
Atheer Almasri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Trapping Agent

Abstract Background: Experimental investigation of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of active ingredients from rosemary herb has been performed. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a solvent with ethanol as a trapping agent. This work showed that the SFE can be an exceptional alternative to the use of chemical solvents. Objective: The effect of temperature and pressure on the extraction process was investigated to increase the yield of the extracted essential components. Methods: The types of extracted compounds from rosemary were specified and analyzed using GC-MS. Results: The results indicated that several essential active ingredient compounds were extracted. Furthermore, the pressure affects the extraction, as the composition ofsome compounds increases with a pressure increase. Conclusions: SFE can be used to extract valuable active ingredients from rosemary. Two process parameters were investigated, namely, pressure and temperature, which indicate that SFE is aselective process for the production of certain constituents. Highlights: Some of themain components of the essential oil of Jordanianrosemary obtained in this study have important applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Forinstance, α-pinene is one of the main raw compounds used in the perfume industry.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Analysis of Innovation Adoption in the Olive Oil Extraction Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Domenico Zoccali ◽  
Yiorgos Gadanakis
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Impact

Pressures on the Italian olive oil sector have increased over the past few years due to seasons of bad weather, small innovation capacity and limited long-term investment plans. Thus, it is of interest to explore signs of positive attitude towards innovation investment in the agricultural sector. The focus has been on technologies employed in the extraction process, since yield and quality of olive oil are mostly affected by this stage. To define the determinants of innovation adoption, 13 managers were interviewed. Questions covered organisation factors, personal factors, social factors, the impact of the olive oil value chain and the cost of the extraction machinery. The results of the thematic analysis showed that determinants of innovation adoption were: perceived usefulness, personal innovativeness, prior experience, influence of peers, training and managerial support, and the relative importance of quality, while major challenges are the lack of financial funds, demand pressure from customers, and lack of early warning systems to tackle bad weather conditions.

scholarly journals Valorization of Wine-Making By-Products’ Extracts in Cosmetics

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Israa Hoss ◽  
Hiba N. Rajha ◽  
Rindala El Khoury ◽  
Sahar Youssef ◽  
Maria Letizia Manca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
By Products

The increased demand for conscious, sustainable and beneficial products by the consumers has pushed researchers from both industries and universities worldwide to search for smart strategies capable of reducing the environmental footprint, especially the ones connected with industrial wastes. Among various by-products, generally considered as waste, those obtained by winemaking industries have attracted the attention of a wide variety of companies, other than the vineries. In particular, grape pomaces are considered of interest due to their high content in bioactive molecules, especially phenolic compounds. The latter can be recovered from grape pomace and used as active ingredients in easily marketable cosmetic products. Indeed, phenolic compounds are well known for their remarkable beneficial properties at the skin level, such as antioxidant, antiaging, anti-hyperpigmentation and photoprotective effects. The exploitation of the bioactives contained in grape pomaces to obtain high value cosmetics may support the growing of innovative start-ups and expand the value chain of grapes. This review aims to describe the strategies for recovery of polyphenols from grape pomace, to highlight the beneficial potential of these extracts, both in vitro and in vivo, and their potential utilization as active ingredients in cosmetic products.

scholarly journals Synthesis of A Sustainable Sago-Based Value Chain via Fuzzy Optimisation Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hong Seng Chong ◽  
Yoke Kin Wan ◽  
Viknesh Andiappan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Sago Bark ◽  
Value Added Products

Sago starch is one of the staple foods for human, especially in Asia’s Region. It can be produced via sago starch extraction process (SSEP). During the SSEP, several types of sago wastes are generated such as sago fiber (SF), sago bark (SB) and sago wastewater (SW). With the increase in production of existing factories and sago mills, the sago industrial practice in waste disposal management is gaining more attention, thus implementation of effective waste management is vital. One of the promising ways to have effective waste management is to create value out of the sago wastes. In a recent study, sago-based refinery, which is a facility to convert sago wastes into value-added products (e.g., bio-ethanol and energy) was found feasible. However, the conversion of other value added products from sago wastes while considering the environmental impact has not been considered in sago value chain. Therefore, an optimum sago value chain, which involved conversion activities of sago wastes into value-added products, is aimed to be synthesised in this work. The optimum sago value chain will be evaluated based on profit and carbon emissions using fuzzy-based optimisation approach via a commercial optimisation software, Lingo 16.0. To illustrate the the developed approach, an industrial case study has been solved in this work.

Freeze-Etch Crystal-Like Structures in Membranous Glomerulosclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Donor Kidney ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Diseased Kidney

Tissue from a non-functional kidney affected with chronic membranous glomerulosclerosis was removed at time of trnasplantation. Recipient kidney tissue and donor kidney tissue were simultaneously fixed for electron microscopy. Primary fixation was in phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde followed by infiltration in 20 and then 40% glycerol. The tissues were frozen in liquid Freon and finally in liquid nitrogen. Fracturing and replication of the etched surface was carried out in a Denton freeze-etch device. The etched surface was coated with platinum followed by carbon. These replicas were cleaned in a 50% solution of sodium hypochlorite and mounted on 400 mesh copper grids. They were examined in an Siemens Elmiskop IA. The pictures suggested that the diseased kidney had heavy deposits of an unknown substance which might account for its inoperative state at the time of surgery. Such deposits were not as apparent in light microscopy or in the standard fixation methods used for EM. This might have been due to some extraction process which removed such granular material in the dehydration steps.

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