Mobile Technology Support for the Assessment and Management of COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Chinazunwa Uwaoma ◽  
Clement C. Aladi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Technology Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Entire World

The early months in 2020 saw a rapid increase in the adoption of mHealth and telehealth across the globe. The obvious reason being the sudden outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), which sent the entire world scrambling for solutions to contain and mitigate the spread. Ordinarily, telehealth and mHealth are considered optional in most traditional healthcare systems even in developed countries, but today, these technologies have become the most sought-after tools required to augment the overwhelmed healthcare systems orchestrated by COVID-19. Mobile technology in particular has continued to play important roles in the monitoring, surveillance, and the assessment of the outbreak in so many ways. This chapter offers a window into different ways mHealth and telemedicine are used to provide healthcare services and disease management, as well as the challenges in the implementation of these technologies as the world braces for the devastating effects of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Cuban Healthcare System: An Insight

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Nisha Zahid ◽  
Farah Ahmed ◽  
Noor Israr ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Sidra Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Care System

All the countries in the world are struggling to improve their healthcare systems regardless of being rich or poor. Talking about Cuba, it represents an example of well-developed healthcare system and policies which is comparable to developed countries of the world. The success of Cuban healthcare system largely depends upon its strong primary health care system, proper immunization, robust public health policies, treating all the population classes equally providing them with free healthcare services. The control of infection spread and non-communicable diseases also contributes to the success of Cuban Healthcare system. We have discussed the Cuban health care system from start till the current situation and also, we performed SWOT analysis to bring the clearer depiction of the Cuban Healthcare System as it highlights the key internal and external issues which are further discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Portable sequencer in the fight against infectious disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Elia Mongan ◽  
Josef Sem Berth Tuda ◽  
Lucky Ronald Runtuwene
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Infectious disease is still a major threat in the world today. Five decades ago, it was considered soon to be eradicated, but the adaptation of pathogens to environmental pressure, such as antimicrobials, encouraged the emergence and reemergence of infectious disease. The fight with infectious disease starts with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Diagnosis can be upheld by observing the cause of disease under the microscope or detecting the presence of nucleic acid and proteins of the pathogens. The molecular techniques span from classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to sequencing the nucleic acid composition. Here, we are reviewing the works have been undertaken to utilize a portable sequencer, MinION, in various aspects of infectious disease management.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Chinese Global Health Diplomacy: Geopolitical Opportunity for China’s Hegemony?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-340
Author(s):  
Priya Gauttam ◽  
Bawa Singh ◽  
Jaspal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Global Health Diplomacy ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Health diplomacy has remained an important part of foreign policy of major countries to expand their geopolitical influence across the world. Given the outbreak of COVID-19, the inadequate healthcare systems even of the developed countries have been exposed. Although China was blamed for the origination of COVID-19, concomitantly, the same country had exploited the global health emergency by putting its global health diplomacy in practice as a soft power tool to expand its geopolitical influence in term of hegemony, vis-→-vis the USA. Whereas, on the contrary, the USA and European Union (EU) have been critically entrapped in the pandemic and remained at crossroads, how to deal with the same locally and globally. In these contrasting roles and reciprocation, the main argument of the article is that China had made the best use of its health diplomacy to expand its geopolitical influence, while the USA and EU did not rise to the occasion; rather, their roles and reciprocation have remained delayed and inert. In this backdrop, the main focus of this article is to examine how China used its global health diplomacy as a soft power tool? Second, would China become hegemon in the present scenario vis-→-vis the USA?

scholarly journals MAPPING THE WORLD – A NEW APPROACH FOR VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN THE CLOUD

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-6/W1 ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Moeller ◽  
S. Furhmann
Keyword(s):  
Volunteered Geographic Information ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World

The OSM project provides a geodata basis for the entire world under the CC-SA licence agreement. But some parts of the world are mapped more densely compared to other regions. However, many less developed countries show a lack of valid geo-information. Africa for example is a sparsely mapped continent. During a huge Ebola outbreak in 2014 the lack of data became apparent. Help organization like the American Red Cross and the Humanitarian Openstreetmap Team organized mappings campaign to fill the gaps with valid OSM geodata. This paper gives a short introduction into this mapping activity.

Progress in robotics for combating infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (52) ◽  
pp. eabf1462
Author(s):  
Anzhu Gao ◽  
Robin R. Murphy ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
Giulio Dagnino ◽  
Peer Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Laboratory Automation ◽  
The World ◽  
Robotic Technologies

The world was unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, and recovery is likely to be a long process. Robots have long been heralded to take on dangerous, dull, and dirty jobs, often in environments that are unsuitable for humans. Could robots be used to fight future pandemics? We review the fundamental requirements for robotics for infectious disease management and outline how robotic technologies can be used in different scenarios, including disease prevention and monitoring, clinical care, laboratory automation, logistics, and maintenance of socioeconomic activities. We also address some of the open challenges for developing advanced robots that are application oriented, reliable, safe, and rapidly deployable when needed. Last, we look at the ethical use of robots and call for globally sustained efforts in order for robots to be ready for future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Leprosy – one of the many forgotten tropical diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Zwolska ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Many

Leprosy or Hansen disease is caused by an infection of Mycobacterium leprae. The large number of undetected cases (2000-2012 years 4 mln people) remains a threat to the elimination of leprosy. Leprosy is an unheard in Poland and generally is considered a condition so “exotic” that it is not worth to spend more attention to it. Forgotten disease in developed countries still thrives in an environment of poor and uneducated. Regardless of the conclusion that in the 21st century none infectious disease should not be treated as a disease on the designated regions of the world, other than our own, it should be recalled that the M. leprae was discovered in Europe, where for many years there were leprosaria and still infectious hospitals in Great Brittan, France or Spain get patients suspected of leprosy. The mobility of the inhabitants of the globe caused by wars, ethnic conflicts or a simple tourism causes that any infectious disease can not be treated as solely limited to distant us regions. The best proof of this were the viral diseases, formerly found in only in Asia or Africa, and currently transmitted to Europe [1]. At any moment, we can stand up against the problem of diagnostics of humans toward leprosy. Many medical reports indicate that leprosy as a disease with many symptoms encountered difficulties in its diagnosis. Only the experience of medical professionals and good microbiological diagnosis may speed up the diagnosis of leprosy.

scholarly journals Superficial fungal infections in a time of pandemi

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
A. Sergeev ◽  
S. Burova ◽  
E. Kasikhina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Fungal Biology ◽  
The World ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Europe Today

Current challenges for healthcare systems worldwide should not overshadow global prevalence of contagious superficial fungal infections. Causative agents, patterns of their spread and clinical manifestations of cutaneous mycoses all change and so does our knowledge of fungal biology and genetics. Sooner or later, dermatologists would have to adapt or develop newer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities according to novelties im dermatophyte taxonomy and major epidemiologic shifts. Common management of tinea infections in most developed countries including Russia still relies on the same hundred years old mycological techniques and the same antifungals as decades ago. Emergence of resistant dermatophyte strains and reported series of recalcitrant tinea infections in some regions of the world raise awareness in Europe today and may be expected in Russia tomorrow. Learning from recent international experience and clinical trials, one may need reappraisal of different topical antifungals recommended in Russia.

scholarly journals Economic Profile of Iranian Rehabilitation Services: 2002-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-297
Author(s):  
Mehdi Basakha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Accounts

Objective: The role of the service sector in general and healthcare services in particular have been promoting in Iran’s economy. The implementation of the Health System Transformation Plan and the injection of new financial resources into this sector have raised concerns about the health system function. Thus, this is the first attempt to estimate and evaluate the share of rehabilitation services in the Iranian economic and health systems. Materials & Methods: The study utilized longitudinal trend analysis using the National Health Accounts data during 2002-2015. National Health Accounts, through input-output tables, breaks down the share of different sources of financing for different functions of the health system. According to this method, both the share of rehabilitation services in Iran’s economy and the financing sources of these activities have been calculated and compared to other countries. Data on Iran's National Health Accounts has been collected from the Statistical Center of Iran. International data is collected from the World Health Organization's National Health Accounts and the databases of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member countries. Results: Expenditures related to rehabilitation services in Iran increased from 884 billion rials in 2002 to more than 2967 billion rials in 1396, equivalent to 0.02% of Iran's GDP in that year. The share of rehabilitation expenditures in total health expenditures in 2007 was at its highest level (0.3%). In the following years, it has always had a decreasing trend. In 1396 it reached about 22.0%, the lowest amount during 16 Last year. Comparing the economic share of rehabilitation of the country's economic activities with different countries shows that the position of this sector is in no way comparable to developed countries and is even lower than many developing countries. Tunisia, Tonga, and Moldova have a similar situation to Iran's economy, with rehabilitation services accounting for about 0.05 to 0.1 percent of their total economic activity. Comparison of the prevalence of disability in these countries with Iran shows that these countries had a lower prevalence than Iran. Examination of the share of various sources shows that out-of-pocket payments with households with 6.37 percent, the most, and the government with 7.18 percent had the least role in financing rehabilitation services. It is noteworthy that this figure was about 65% before implementing the health system transformation plan. Social insurance in 2017 also covered only 6.24% of rehabilitation costs. Conclusion: Inaccessibility of people with disabilities to healthcare services is a very serious issue in the world. The rehabilitation services expenditures have always been mentioned as one of the most important barriers of accessing to these services. Following the implementation of the Health Transformation Plan, the share of rehabilitation activities in Iran’s health market has been shrunk.

scholarly journals Village Health Volunteers: Facing up to the Covid-19 Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supattra Changsuphan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
The World ◽  
Village Health Volunteers ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Village Health

Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) are a crucial component of primary health care in Thailand. They have applied their role in collaboration with the nation’s public health officials at primary and community hospitals since 1978. The outbreak of the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first recorded in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, has infected millions of people in almost every country in the world, leading to illness, hospitalization and, in many cases, untimely death. During this time global healthcare systems have been under enormous strain to contain the virus outbreak and treat sick people. COVID-19 first came to the attention of Thailand as a highly infectious disease on 26 February 2020, but the nation has successfully responded to the pandemic by focusing effort and resources on primary healthcare. VHVs have contributed significantly in their central role in preventing and controlling the virus in communities around the country.

Global Heterogeneity in the Emerging M-Commerce Landscape

2008 ◽  
pp. 3548-3570
Author(s):  
Nikhilesh Dholakia ◽  
Ruby Roy Dholakia ◽  
Mark Lehrer ◽  
Nir Kshetri
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Stage

Mobile phones, mobile Internet access, and mobile commerce (m-commerce) are growing much faster than their fixed counterparts. Several characteristics of mobile networks make them more attractive than fixed networks for less-developed countries and for those countries that want to “leapfrog” the leading IT nations. To exploit the new mobile communications infrastructures, companies from developed as well as developing countries are rapidly integrating m-commerce technology into their business models. Countries around the world, however, exhibit considerable heterogeneity in their adoption of mobile phones and m-commerce technology. Examined in this chapter is the current stage of mobile technology and m-commerce diffusion across the world, and analyzed are factors influencing the diffusion process. In this chapter, the ways in which the m-commerce landscape of a nation—defined by the penetration rate of mobile phones, the specific combinations of different generations of mobile technology, and the blending of various standards within a given generation—is shaped by politicoeconomic, sociocultural, and policy-related factors are reviewed.

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