Existing Robotics Technologies for Implementation of Special Education

Author(s):  
Roman Zahariev Zahariev ◽  
Nina Valchkova

Collaborative robots (Cobots) are described from the point of view of the cognitive processes underlying the perception and emotional expression of learners based on individual human interacting with non-humanoid robots. The chapter describes a project that is aimed at the development and prototyping of mobile cognitive robotic system designed for service and assistance to people with disabilities. In creating this robot called “AnRI” (anthropomorphic robot intelligent) the experience from building the previous one was used, and it was used in the project Conduct Research into the Adoption of Robotic Technologies in Special Education by Children, Young People, and Pedagogical Specialists. It is described as a device of the robot and realization of cognitive processes to integrate knowledge-related information from sensors, actuators, and multiple sources of information vital to the process of serving people with disabilities.

2022 ◽  
pp. 757-774
Author(s):  
Roman Zahariev Zahariev ◽  
Nina Valchkova

Collaborative robots (Cobots) are described from the point of view of the cognitive processes underlying the perception and emotional expression of learners based on individual human interacting with non-humanoid robots. The chapter describes a project that is aimed at the development and prototyping of mobile cognitive robotic system designed for service and assistance to people with disabilities. In creating this robot called “AnRI” (anthropomorphic robot intelligent) the experience from building the previous one was used, and it was used in the project Conduct Research into the Adoption of Robotic Technologies in Special Education by Children, Young People, and Pedagogical Specialists. It is described as a device of the robot and realization of cognitive processes to integrate knowledge-related information from sensors, actuators, and multiple sources of information vital to the process of serving people with disabilities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian L. Amengual ◽  
Suliann Ben Hamed

Persistent activity has been observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in particular during the delay periods of visual attention tasks. Classical approaches based on the average activity over multiple trials have revealed that such an activity encodes the information about the attentional instruction provided in such tasks. However, single-trial approaches have shown that activity in this area is rather sparse than persistent and highly heterogeneous not only within the trials but also between the different trials. Thus, this observation raised the question of how persistent the actually persistent attention-related prefrontal activity is and how it contributes to spatial attention. In this paper, we review recent evidence of precisely deconstructing the persistence of the neural activity in the PFC in the context of attention orienting. The inclusion of machine-learning methods for decoding the information reveals that attention orienting is a highly dynamic process, possessing intrinsic oscillatory dynamics working at multiple timescales spanning from milliseconds to minutes. Dimensionality reduction methods further show that this persistent activity dynamically incorporates multiple sources of information. This novel framework reflects a high complexity in the neural representation of the attention-related information in the PFC, and how its computational organization predicts behavior.


2022 ◽  
pp. 310-342
Author(s):  
Ruža Tomić

People with disabilities, who represent a significant part of the population of today's world, are still on the margins of social goods and values because of the attitudes of people who are not. Although, in earlier social eras, they were observed mainly from the point of view of social possibilities of existence, the appearance of significant world documents, and affirmations on the labour market, these attitudes changed somewhat. Nevertheless, in many countries of the world, the upbringing and education of children and young people with disabilities is burdened with numerous difficulties and problems. This chapter will help students, professionals, and others interested in these problems to get to know them and thus enrich their cognitive, emotional, social, and work competencies that may be needed to work with them. It will help them in practical application at all levels of their education, which will contribute to strengthening positive attitudes towards inclusion.


1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Johnson ◽  
Bobbie J. Atkins

The purpose of this article is to describe those components of transition necessary for successful employment outcomes of young people with disabilities. The roles and responsibilities of vocational rehabilitation, special education, and vocational education are described. Parent/guardian and employer involvement were discussed as being essential to the transition process. Research is needed to provide background in developing a thorough, sequential, and formalized process of transition from school to work.


2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Sauer

<p>Keywords: disability, methodology, portraiture, social justice, special education&nbsp;</p><p>Historically, the dominant research paradigms involving the study of people with disabilities involved experimentally designed studies or other medically orientated approaches. This paper examines portraiture as a form of qualitative inquiry offering emancipatory possibilities for children with significant disabilities and transformative positive reinterpretations of disability as a social construct for their teachers and other people in their lives.&nbsp; Three narrative portraits of young people with disabilities were created based on a year-long portraiture study involving the collection of observational data, informal interviews, artifacts, and discourse analysis to capture the &ldquo;essence&rdquo; of their humanness.&nbsp; Through an examination of this portrait study and others from across the humanities, this paper provides examples where the &ldquo;subjects&rdquo; asserted themselves in ways akin to Giroux&rsquo;s agency (1987) suggesting portraiture might provide a unique and credible avenue to respectfully study and learn more about people with disabilities too often left on the fringe of society.&nbsp;</p>


Author(s):  
Natasha Reis Ferreira ◽  
Fátima Corrêa Oliver

O cotidiano compreende as atividades laborais, de lazer, de estudo, de autocuidado, de convívio social, entre outras, sendo também considerado como uma perspectiva de análise e intervenção orientadora da prática do terapeuta ocupacional. A condição de deficiência pode, muitas vezes, afetar a realização dessas atividades. O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as dificuldades e possibilidades de realização de atividades cotidianas de jovens com deficiência. Com base no método Photovoice, que prioriza o ponto de vista do pesquisado, quatro jovens realizaram fotografias de atividades, locais, ou objetos relevantes em seu dia-a-dia, em uma semana típica de suas rotinas. Uma segunda rodada de fotografias referentes aos obstáculos enfrentados cotidianamente foi realizada, e apenas dois jovens participaram. A análise das fotografias ocorreu em conjunto com os participantes, quando relataram individualmente para a pesquisadora o contexto e motivos de realização das fotos. No texto comparou-se os registros de dois jovens, identificando diferenças extremas em seus cotidianos. O relato e reflexão sobre as fotos foi considerado significativo para um dos participantes que afirmou ter gostado de realizar os registros fotográficos. Pelas imagens, registradas pode-se observar que um dos participantes tem menos oportunidades de participação social, uma vez que seus registros foram todos realizados dentro de sua casa. Ambos participantes registraram limitações voltadas sobretudo às condições de acessibilidade arquitetônica e geográfica, seja dentro de casa ou em espaços de uso coletivo, revelando a grande interferência desses impedimentos para sua vida cotidiana. Abstract The daily life is marked by work, leisure, study, self-care, social interation, also considered as a perspective and analysis of the occupational therapist's practice. The disability condition can often affect the performance of these activities. The article aims to present the difficulties and possibilities of carrying out daily activities of young people with disabilities. Based on the Photovoice method, which prioritizes from the subject's point of view, the youngsters took photographs of relevant activities, places, or objects in their daily life in a typical week of their routines. A second round of photographs regarding the obstacles faced daily was held, and only two young people participated.. The analysis of the photographs occurred together with the participants, when they individually reported to the researcher the context and reasons for the photos. In the text, the records of the two young people were compared, identifying extreme differences in their daily lives. The report and reflection on the photos was considered significant for one of the participants, who liked to carry out the photographic records. From the recorded images, it can be observed that one of the participants has fewer opportunities for social participation, since their records were all carried out inside their house. Both participants registered limitations mainly on the architectural and geographical accessibility conditions, either indoors or in spaces of collective use, revealing the great interference of these impediments to their daily life.Keywords: Daily life; Photography; Young with disabilities; Occupational therapy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
O. G. Savka ◽  
E. V. Milkina

 The present article addresses the issue of importance of inclusive education in higher education institutions with statistical data on students with disabilities undergoing training. In this article the problems of university readiness for implementation of inclusive education of young people with disabilities are analyzed; and the legal, educational and systemic aspects of special education are investigated.  


1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Trevor R. Parmenter

It is a singular honour for me to have been invited to deliver the inaugural Len Cosson Memorial Lecture. It is obvious that Len’s Stirling contribution to special education in New Zealand will endure. His ability to enthuse peers and students alike will live on and will affect for the better the quality of the lives of young people with disabilities. Despite his untimely death, his family and professional colleagues can be comforted by the knowledge that Len’s ideas and vision will remain a beacon for those who follow in his footsteps. He has provided some very real challenges for the New Zealand Special Education Association - challenges that will be met if you emulate the truly professional approach that he maintained throughout his illustrious career. He obviously lived to the full the values and precepts that many of us aspire to, but often fall short of. While I did not have the privilege of knowing Len, I feel enriched by being in the company of so many people whose lives he touched in such a profound way.In the following presentation I wish to report the results of a study that examined the postschool experiences of 73 young people with a range of disabilities who left a special education facility in NSW in 1985. The roles that work, family support and friendship patterns played in their postschool experiences are analysed. The study points to the need for a more coordinated approach to the planning and delivery of transition education services to young people with disabilities.


Author(s):  
Ebru Inal Onal ◽  
Yeşim Ünal ◽  
Sidika Tekeli-Yesil

Objective: This study aims to investigate earthquake-related and COVID-19 pandemic-related information sources of young people and whether there is a difference in the preferences of information sources regarding COVID-19 pandemic and earthquake measures in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: This study was descriptive. The study was conducted among university students in Istanbul. A total of 282 students participated in the study. McNemar’s test was used to compare the differences between information sources of earthquake and COVID-19 measures. Results: Although there was no significant difference between taking earthquake and COVID-19 measures in the study, there were statistically significant differences between the information sources related to earthquake and COVID-19 except non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and newspapers. While Internet, activities at school/neighborhood/workplace, and TV were the top three sources of information about earthquake measures, TV, Internet, and social media were the top three sources of information about COVID-19 measures. The reasons of preferences of information sources were similar. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between the information sources related to earthquake and COVID-19 except NGOs and newspapers. The study revealed that the types of information sources change depending on earthquake and COVID-19. Resource preferences should be analyzed well, and risk communication should be carried out effectively. Providing easy, understandable information is important for both hazards.


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