Sexual Violence as an Element of War Strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Social Disruption ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Warfare

This chapter presents an analysis of the scale and various forms of sexual violence in modern warfare, including the context in which they are committed, in order to understand the extent of the challenge posed by the systematic use of sexual violence in modern warfare. It highlights how the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war is distinctively destructive, as these crimes are often intended to tear apart the fabric of families and affected communities. For instance, in some contexts, the systematic use of rape and other forms of sexual violence was characterised by an explicit ethnic targeting as a weapon of genocide. In other conflicts, cruel acts of sexual violence are often indiscriminately used as part of military strategies aimed at civilian population to spread terror and inflict public humiliation. This destroys the social fabric of affected communities and adds a new component to the social disruption with devastating impact on victims even after the conflict has ended.

Distinct Aspects of Systematic Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War and Their Implications for the Victims' Needs in Transitional Justice

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-152
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Unique Nature

This chapter explores the distinct aspects of these crimes to understand the nature and extent of the needs of the victims in post-conflict settings. The analysis draws upon the growing body of empirical studies around the complexity of the victims' experiences during and after conflicts and the direct social consequences of these crimes on affected communities. This analysis helps the author to understand and explain the implications of the unique nature of sexual violence as a weapon of war for the needs of victims. The discussion in this chapter suggests that what makes the phenomenon of widespread and systematic sexual violence distinctive from ordinary crimes is the way in which these crimes destroy the social fabric of families and communities, thereby setting the scene for a general social collapse within affected communities. It indicates how the complex realities of victims of such crimes and their legacy in affected communities result in more acute and extensive needs for the victims and affected societies compared with victims of other crimes committed in conflict situations.

scholarly journals Homoseksual Menurut Buku “Reading The Quran” Karya Ziauddin Sardar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Yuni Asih
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Homosexuals According to Ziauddin Sardar's book "Reading the Quran"This study aims to describe the homosexual discussion in Ziauddin Sardar's book Reading The Qur'an. As text research, the research method used is qualitative with an interpretive-literary approach. The data collection technique was carried out in a documentative manner. Meanwhile, the data analysis was carried out in an explanatory-hermeneutic manner. The research results mention homosexuality as an act that is not explicitly explained in the Al-Qur'an. Homosexuality occurs because of an innate instinct or life choice. Homosexual acts in the contemporary era cannot be attributed to the sexual violence that occurred in the story of the Prophet Lut AS. Where the people of the Prophet Lut AS committed sexual violence through intimidation and cruelty. Meanwhile, homosexual culture in contemporary culture refers to the sexual hedonist attitude of a person who is motivated by psychological, health, hedonism, economic, and technological pressure factors. Homosexuals cannot be punished cruelly according to Islamic sources. So with that, as fellow human beings, we still have to respect homosexual perpetrators according to human nature, and not respect their actions. Despite this, homosexual behavior still undermines the social fabric

Conclusion: Manufacturing Matters More Than Ever

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Bonvillian ◽  
Peter L. Singer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Social Disruption ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Strategy

This concluding chapter argues that the larger issue facing the United States is that the social disruption will not just fade away. The decline of manufacturing was a wild card factor that spelled growing social disappointment and corresponding social disruption. The outcome of the 2016 presidential election brought this reality home to all—it was in significant part a postindustrial backlash. The United States can ignore manufacturing and allow it to continue to erode, but the consequences to U.S. innovation capability and therefore to economic growth appear to be problematic. It also now appears that there are consequences for the nation's social fabric and democratic values as well. Ultimately, a new strategy of innovation-driven advanced manufacturing offers one pathway out of America's economic problems.

The Social Fabric: A Guide to Being Late for a Date, Getting Help, and So Much More…

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Kathryn C. Oleson ◽  
Robert M. Arkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social

PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO EM GIORGIO AGAMBEN

Professare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Claudemir Aparecido Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Political Freedom ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Control ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social

<p class="resumoabstract">O professor Giorgio Agamben tem elaborado críticas à engenhosa estrutura política ocidental moderna. Avalia os mecanismos de controle estatal, nos quais os denomina ‘dispositivos’, cuja força está na imbricação às normas jurídico-teológicas com seus similares ritos e liturgias. Suas ocorrências e legitimidade preponderam no tecido social cuja organização sistêmica se põe quase como elemento natural e não cultural. O texto tem por objetivo explorar a concepção política de Agamben sobre a política contemporânea, especialmente considerando seu livro: ‘Estado de Exceção’, cuja investigação apresenta a possibilidade de atenuação dos direitos de cidadania e o enfraquecimento da prática da liberdade política e o processo de relação dos indivíduos no meio social através da redução das subjetividades ‘autênticas’. Analisamos ainda a transferência do mundo sacro elaborado pelos teólogos católicos presente na modernidade à política cuja democracia moderna faz do homem (sujeito) tornar-se objeto do poder político. Faz também, reflexão dos conceitos de subjetivação e dessubjetivação relacionando-os às implicações políticas do homem moderno. A pesquisa é bibliográfica com ênfase na análise dos conceitos elaborados por Agamben, especialmente quanto ao ‘dispositivo’. Conclui que o indivíduo ocidental, de modo geral, sofre o processo de dessubjetivação e está ‘nu’, indefeso e alienado politicamente. Ele precisa voltar-se ao processo de ‘profanação’ dos dispositivos para libertar-se das vinculações orientadoras que forçosamente o descaracteriza enquanto ser ativo e livre.</p><p class="resumoabstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Política. Liberdade. Subjetivação.</p><h3>ABSTRACT</h3><p class="resumoabstract">Professor Giorgio Agamben has been criticizing the ingenious modern Western political structure. It evaluates the mechanisms of state control, in which it calls them 'devices', whose strength lies in the overlap with legal-theological norms with their similar rites and liturgies. Its occurrences and legitimacy preponderate in the social fabric whose systemic organization is almost as a natural and not a cultural element. The text aims to explore Agamben's political conception of contemporary politics, especially considering his book 'State of Exception', whose research presents the possibility of attenuating citizenship rights and weakening the practice of political freedom and the individuals in the social environment through the reduction of 'authentic' subjectivities. We also analyze the transfer of the sacred world elaborated by the Catholic theologians present in the modernity to the politics whose modern democracy makes of the man - subject - to become object of the political power. It also reflects on the concepts of subjectivation and desubjectivation, relating them to the political implications of modern man. The research is bibliographical with emphasis in the analysis of the concepts elaborated by Agamben, especially with regard to the 'device'. He concludes that the Western individual, in general, suffers the process of desubjectivation and is 'naked', defenseless and politically alienated. He must turn to the process of 'desecration' of devices to free himself from the guiding bindings that forcibly demeanes him while being active and free.</p><p class="resumoabstract"><strong>Keywords</strong>: Politics. Freedom. Subjectivity. </p><p> </p>

The World Underfoot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallie M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Physiological Reaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Ideal

In the Greek Classical period, the symposium—the social gathering at which male citizens gathered to drink wine and engage in conversation—was held in a room called the andron. From couches set up around the perimeter of the andron, symposiasts looked inward to the room’s center, which often was decorated with a pebble mosaic floor. These mosaics provided visual treats for the guests, presenting them with images of mythological scenes, exotic flora, dangerous beasts, hunting parties, or the specter of Dionysos, the god of wine, riding in his chariot or on the back of a panther. This book takes as its subject these mosaics and the context of their viewing. Relying on discourses in the sociology and anthropology of space, it argues that the andron’s mosaic imagery actively contributed to a complex, metaphorical experience of the symposium. In combination with the ritualized circling of the wine cup from couch to couch around the room and the physiological reaction to wine, the images of mosaic floors called to mind other images, spaces, or experiences, and, in doing so, prompted drinkers to reimagine the symposium as another kind of event—a nautical voyage, a journey to a foreign land, the circling heavens or a choral dance, or the luxury of an abundant past. Such spatial metaphors helped to forge the intimate bonds of friendship that are the ideal result of the symposium and that make up the political and social fabric of the Greek polis.

scholarly journals The Construction of Peace in the Chiapas Highlands: Indigenous Resistance to Structural Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2097501
Author(s):  
Efrén Orozco López ◽  
Leonardo Nicolás González Torres
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Civil Society Organization ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Indigenous Resistance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociedad Civil

The indigenous community of Acteal in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, has been subject to both direct and structural violence in the form of the massacre that took place there in 1997 and the impunity that has persisted ever since. In response to the violence, the community has constructed political, social, and cultural alternatives through the movement known as the Las Abejas of Acteal Civil Society Organization. Its reconstruction of the social fabric has included participation in assembies, volunteer work for the collective, exchange of experiences, food production for subsistence, a solidarity economy, and the systematization and sharing of experiences. La comunidad indígena de Acteal en las tierras altas de Chiapas, México, ha sido objeto de violencia tanto directa y estructural a partir de la masacre que tuvo lugar allí en 1997, así como la impunidad que ha persistido desde entonces. En respuesta a la violencia, la comunidad ha construido alternativas políticas, sociales y culturales a través del movimiento conocido como Organización Sociedad Civil Las Abejas de Acteal. Su reconstrucción del tejido social ha incluido la participación en asambleas, el voluntariado para el colectivo, el intercambio de experiencias, la producción de alimentos para subsistencia, una economía solidaria, y la sistematización e intercambio de experiencias.

scholarly journals Breaking the Chains: The Inverted-U-Shaped Relationship Between Action-State Orientation and Creativity Under Low Job Autonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014920632199681
Author(s):  
Ronald Bledow ◽  
Jana Kühnel ◽  
Mengzi Jin ◽  
Julius Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Oriented Response ◽  
State Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
New Ideas

When the social fabric of organizations limits individual autonomy, new ideas are needed that satisfy a person’s will as well as the constraints imposed by the social context. To explain when people achieve this synthesis and display creativity under low job autonomy, we examine the influence of their action-state orientation. The theory of action versus state orientation contrasts two responses people display when faced by a situation that conflicts with their will. An action-oriented response entails that people readily disengage from processing the situation and initiate goal-striving, while a state-oriented response entails that people remain focused on the situation. We argue that creativity under low job autonomy requires the integration of the competing processes underlying action and state orientation and is most frequently displayed by people in the midrange of the action-state orientation continuum. We test this theorizing with three studies. In a constrained laboratory setting, we induced a focus on an unwanted situation and demonstrated an inverted-U-shaped relationship between action-state orientation and creativity. A field study showed that the inverted-U-shaped relationship between action-state orientation and daily self-reports of creativity was strongest under low job autonomy and disappeared under high job autonomy. A multisource study replicated and extended these relationships using managerial ratings of creativity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document