E-Collaborative Knowledge Construction

2011 ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ertl
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Learning Scenarios ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

Knowledge has become an important factor in the success of organizations. Several authors reflect this in their use of terms such as knowledge society (e.g., Nonaka, 1994) or knowledge age (e.g., Bereiter, 2002). The role of knowledge has changed fundamentally with the development of a knowledge society. Knowledge is still an indispensable resource for the individual as well as for an organization, but the emphasis lies on the creation of new knowledge (see Nonaka, 1994). This change also has consequences for the individual acquisition of knowledge and, in turn, for learning. In traditional learning scenarios, knowledge was seen as a commodity that could be transferred directly from one brain to another. This resulted in an interaction between teacher and learner, in which the teacher had an active role and presented parts of his knowledge to the learners, who passively received and memorized them (see Ertl, Winkler, & Mandl, 2007). However, studies have shown that whilst learning by such presentations of explicit knowledge enabled learners to reproduce it in tests, they failed to transfer it to new situations and often failed to apply it in the creation of new knowledge—the knowledge learners acquired remained inert (Renkl, Mandl, & Gruber, 1996).

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES FOR COMPETITION IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648
Author(s):  
Yuliyan Velkov
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Healthcare Experiences ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

A paradox has been established in the modern healthcare industry - consumers can choose between many alternatives but with high uncertainty, while healthcare establishments have numerous possibilities, but they function in conditions of rigorous demand, globalization and large-scale technological efficiency. This requires a re-evaluation of the classical understanding of competition in value creation - healthcare effects (for patients) and financial gains (for the performance of medical and related activities). Today, competition can be explained as a competition for the creation, supply and realization of healthcare products and related services and goods. It is a dynamic process of competition and, in a more general sense, interaction between competing subjects under conditions of significant state interference. It reflects the modern perceptions of health, the improvement of biotechnology and pharmacy, the changed role of the patients - more and more informed, educated, active and united in thematic groups. For the realization with a focus on personal patient preferences, this embodies the characteristics of the interaction between the healthcare establishment and the patient. Competition integrates business logic and patient thinking. In the context of the concept of joint value creation, it covers the intense interactions between healthcare institutions and the individual. Competition in the healthcare industry is based on dialogue, access, risk assessment and transparency at every stage of value creation and realization. This is realized as a competitive interaction in the environment (network) from the influences of healthcare institutions and other producers of medical and non-medical services and goods, thematic associations and regulations. This is a rivalry in creating and offering healthcare products tailored to individual patient's views, preferences, expectations and financial capabilities. The prospects for a competitive race are a transition from competitiveness to competitive interaction. In parallel with the improvement of the operational efficiency of the medical institution, this imposes, the increasing individualization of the created healthcare products. This requires the development of an environment for shared healthcare experiences with the customer. Thus, the development of competition is connected with the realization of the competitive potential of the healthcare establishment through the prism of patient choice - joint creation of healthcare experience through many channels, through options, through transactions and at an appropriate price-to-experience ratio. Consequently, the competitiveness targeting passive patients in need of treatment is shifted from an effective healthcare establishment-to-patient interaction in order to jointly provide patient satisfaction. Competition is a race between dependant healthcare establishments; it is a rivalry between producers of healthcare effects interacting with patients among many environmental influences. Contemporary competition in the healthcare industry is a mechanism for jointly creating healthcare effects by interaction between a healthcare establishment and a patient with the active role of those in need of treatment. This is realized in the form of competition and co-operation in the course of the creation of individualized healthcare experiences. Competition combines a variety of subjective patient needs, medicinal product characteristics, and network experience qualities. As a guideline for improving competition, we can point to enhancing the quality of the environment, enhancing the possibility to take into account patient need heterogeneity, increasing adaptability to changes in demand, and enhancing capabilities to mobilize all potential competencies.

Organizational knowledge transfer: creating new knowledge from old knowledge

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Moura ◽  
Álvaro Dias ◽  
Célia Quintas ◽  
Dilar Costa
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Business Competitiveness

The definition of knowledge supported by Nonakae Takeuchi (1995) considers that it is a human process that allows justifying personal belief about the truth. The individual is an integral part and is inseparable from knowledge. The authors also distinguish explicit knowledge, which can be expressed in words and numbers, and tacit knowledge, that is held by the individual in the form of know-how, and can be identified through their habits, behaviors, emotions, values and ideas.However, there is a wealth of professional knowledge in qualified people that are apart from active life voluntarily or involuntarily, through unemployment or retirement. This source of knowledge could be (re)transformed into new sources of competitiveness for organizations.In this context, this paper seeks to present the results of an exploratory study, orientated to identify knowledge transfer processes, from pensioners and long-term unemployed, to business professionals and companies, through the adaptation of mentoring programs. Five thematic areas of knowledge transfer were considered and selected as key areas of organizational competitiveness: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Cooperation, Distribution, and Exportation.We consider this work relevant to the extent that the processes of change, caused by world crisis, tend to split fundamental knowledge that must be preserved. With the emergence of the knowledge society, we face problems, uncertainties and challenges arising not only from the financial crises and economic recessions, but also from the social transformations that we have seen in the processes of globalization, demographic change, technological revolution and the single currency, among others.The various transformations mentioned have produced paradoxical impacts, in particular job and knowledge management and the organization of work and working time. Such changes imply that researchers find new ways to a more holistic and human-centered organization.To realize our study we constructed a methodology of knowledge transfer, largely inspired by the work of Peet, Walsh, Rawak & Sober (2010).Our methodology comprised several steps: ( a) identify the knowledge, ( b ) access to persons owning knowledge, ( c ) integrating knowledge in projects, ( d ) combine ideas and initiatives, (e ) relaying knowledge, ( f ) enhance and apply knowledge.The experiential processes developed under this study give companies a large potential to be able to achieve their change objectives, incorporate new knowledge and increase their competitiveness. In this vein, we concluded that our methodology of knowledge transfer was effective as a mean for learning and to operationalize the knowledge held by mentors in strategic areas in the field of entrepreneurship, innovation and cooperation. We also concluded, by the duration of the project and through the measurement of the effects of knowledge transfer and its return in terms of effective improvement of business competitiveness, that it must be applied on a time scale projected in the medium and long term.

scholarly journals The Institutionalisation of the Public Intellectual

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Hilary Yerbury ◽  
Nina Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

As the way academics work becomes increasingly specified and regulated, the role of the public intellectual, as championed by Burawoy and exemplified by Jakubowicz, is changing. Engagement with the professions and industry is being proposed as a requirement for a research-active academic. Prescriptions for the way this might happen have the potential to remove the sense of responsibility inherent in Burawoy’s notion of the public intellectual and the suggested use of social media to promote new knowledge potentially dilutes the notion of ‘publics’ which is fundamental to the notion of the public intellectual, substituting the individual for the collective. This in turn has an impact on the kind of informed debate that can influence policy development. This paper explores the narratives of new academics as they seek to answer the questions Giddens asserted were fundamental to the creation of identity in late modernity – What to do? How to act? Who to be? It positions these narratives of identify in a broader discourse of the role of the academic in the creation of new knowledge, perceptions of the role of the university in contemporary Australian culture and the constraints of work planning and performance management.

ABBREVIATION AS THE MEANS OF EXPRESSING EMOTIONS OF THE LANGUAGE PERSONALITY (ON THE MATERIAL OF SMS MESSAGES IN ENGLISH DISCOURSE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Tat’yana V. Bychkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Language Renewal

The paper considers the role of the language personality in speech activity in neologizations of abbreviated SMS messages in the English discourse. Within the framework of the communicative-discursive direction in Russian linguistics, a paradigmatic approach to the study of the role of the language personality in the creation of new knowledge has been established. The language personality is able to participate in the process of nominating objects and actions of the world picture. Intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors influence language changes. Intralinguistic factors provide potential for language renewal, including its neologization, in accordance with the laws of dialectical development. Extra- linguistic factors are represented by numerous social and socio-political phe- nomena from the surrounding world. The high popularity of SMS messages is explained not only by the action of the law of saving speech efforts in the language, but also by the ability of language personality to express emotions in the language, thanks to the opportunities for innovations and improvisations inherent in it. The paper considers the language functions and stylistic features of abbreviated SNS messages in English discourse.

Peace is Everything: An Examination of the Bahá’í Faith’s Concept of Peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-259
Author(s):  
Hoda Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Science And Religion ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Baha'i Faith ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
The Individual

This paper describes the central role of peace in the Bahá’í Faith. For Bahá’ís, peace begins at the level of the individual and migrates outward to the community, nation, and the world. The article explains how the Bahá’í Faith outlines a covenant – an agreement between Bahá’ís and between Bahá’ís and the world – made manifest in an Administrative Order in which the ascertainment of peaceful principles and the establishment of peaceful practices are developed. The paper explains how concepts like the oneness of humanity, the symbiosis between science and religion, and the unity of religion and God combine with ideals like justice, equality, and consultation to form a Bahá’í approach to the creation and maintenance of peace. Integration and disintegration – broad-structured, dynamic effects that shift societies and the world – will help to usher in two main aspects of a present and future Bahá’í order: the Lesser Peace and the Most Great Peace. The Lesser Peace is defined by the efforts of nations and international actors to form a broad-based, global peace. The Most Great Peace describes the arrival and ascendance of the Bahá’í Administrative Order, which will result in an unprecedented level of global peace and security.

The Contribution of University Business Incubators to New Knowledge-Based Ventures

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Grimaldi ◽  
Alessandro Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the role of university business incubators (UBIs) in supporting the creation of new knowledge-based ventures. UBIs are described as effective mechanisms for overcoming weaknesses of the more traditional public incubating institutions. They offer firms a range of university-related benefits, such as access to laboratories and equipment, to scientific and technological knowledge and to networks of key contacts, and the reputation that accrues from affiliation with a university. The empirical analysis is based on the Turin Polytechnic Incubator (TPI) and on case studies of six academic spin-offs hosted at TPI. While TPI does not effectively resolve such problems as inadequate access to funding capital and the lack of management and financial skills in its tenant companies, the networking capacity of incubating programmes is seen as a key characteristic that may help new knowledge-based ventures to overcome such difficulties.

‘By Small Things Revealed’

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Things

The study of rural settlement in Roman Britain is undergoing a period of re-evaluation and change. In the past, work has focused on the individual study sites, especially villas. Now there is an increasing interest in the exploitation of whole landscapes, with an emphasis on the people who lived in them and the ways that they exploited the resources available to them. These trends are reviewed, and a case study is presented based on the author’s fieldwork in East Yorkshire. Given that the bulk of the population of Roman Britain lived in the countryside, emphasis is placed on understanding the active role of these people in creating the culture of Roman Britain.

Values, credibility, and ethics: public advocacy and conservation science

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Harry F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

While it is important for conservation scientists to advise government on policy, they need to do more than give advice. Conservation scientists need to be public advocates for the creation of economies that are ecologically sustainable. To achieve sustainability conservation scientists must assume a role of leadership in the development and application of global environmental policies. Not all scientists agree with advocacy, but advocacy for conservation of the natural world means creating an ethical world, a world where all generations and people as well as all other species can share the Earth’s resources. At present that world does not exist and conservation scientists need to take a more active role in its creation.

Presentations of Authorship in Knowledge Organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-500
Author(s):  
Carlin Soos ◽  
Gregory H. Leazer
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Professional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Relational Representation

The “author” is a concept central to many publication and documentation practices, often carrying legal, professional, social, and personal importance. Typically viewed as the solitary owner of their creations, a person is held responsible for their work and positioned to receive the praise and criticism that may emerge in its wake. Although the role of the individual within creative production is undeniable, literary (Foucault 1977; Bloom 1997) and knowledge organization (Moulaison et. al. 2014) theorists have challenged the view that the work of one person can-or should-be fully detached from their professional and personal networks. As these relationships often provide important context and reveal the role of community in the creation of new things, their absence from catalog records presents a falsely simplified view of the creative process. Here, we address the consequences of what we call the “author-as-owner” concept and suggest that an “author-as-node” approach, which situates an author within their networks of influence, may allow for more relational representation within knowledge organization systems, a framing that emphasizes rather than erases the messy complexities that affect the production of new objects and ideas.

Content, Correlation, and Meaning of Categories ‘Legal Person’ and ‘Legal Personality’: General-Purpose Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2156
Author(s):  
Vitalii V. VOLYNETS ◽  
Volodymyr A. SICHEVLIUK ◽  
Ilona V. KAMINSKA
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Individual

At the present stage of its development, the general theory of law is aimed at achieving, as far as possible, a greater degree of practical use. Legal theorists seek to answer questions that are devoid of scholastic nature and derive from the practice of real legal relations. The performance of this task involves the movement of fundamental science, which is the general theory of state and law, on the path of ascending from the array of abstract reflections of legal reality, already formed by it, to obtaining its more specific theoretical reproductions. The purpose of this study is to present the correlation of categories such as ‘legal person’ and ‘legal personality’. The relevance of the study lies in the inability to gain new knowledge without the dialectical application of the framework of categories and concepts and methodology of the theory of law to the study of special (e.g., branch) and single (implemented at the individual level) legal phenomena in their relation to the general regularities of the functioning of the state and law. The research presents the content, correlation and meaning of these categories in the theory of law, and demonstrates their diversified use in Ukrainian legislation. The content of the category ‘subject of law’ covers those persons to whom the rights, duties and responsibilities, which are enshrined in the rules of objective law, are addressed. The category of ‘legal personality’ emphasizes the key role of objective law in constituting legal personality.  

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