R&D Process Models

2010 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Robert S. Friedman ◽  
Desiree M. Roberts ◽  
Jonathan D. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter on research and development processes and models begins with a section concerning the economics and finance of R&D. Liberatore and Titus (1983) address the level and effectiveness that R&D managers have over the budgeting activities related to their projects and how best to improve these activities. Guerard, Bean, and Andrews’ (1987) focus is on the financial decisions hypothesis and development of an econometric model to examine the relationships of R&D with financing decision making. Hill and Snell (1988) discuss the different stresses and influences that investors and consumers place upon the R&D process, while Hokisson and Hitt (1988) examine management structure and diversification to understand their effect on investment by external capital markets in R&D firms. Baysinger and Hoskisson (1989) are also concerned with diversification strategies that affect R&D, reporting on their empirical research findings that suggest a positive relationship between the level of R&D intensity and the level of business dominance. The section concludes with Pisano (1990) and his discussion of sources of transaction costs, particularly small-numbers-bargaining hazards and appropriability concerns, and their effect on the selection of internal or external R&D sources when technological changes affect the locus of R&D expertise.

Study on a Decision Making Methodology with Uncertainties in the Selection Process of Preliminary Investigation Areas

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsuchi ◽  
Toshihiro Seo ◽  
Richard Metcalfe ◽  
Kenji Kawano ◽  
Hiroyasu Takase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hlw Repository ◽  
Level Process ◽  
Specific Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTThe selection of Preliminary Investigation Areas (PIAs) to be considered in the siting procedure for a Japanese High Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) repository, will require Site-specific Evaluation Factors (SSEF) to be considered. Evaluation of these factors requires a methodology for taking into account various kinds of uncertainties in varied types of literature data. The study described here evaluated the application of Evidential Support Logic (ESL) for this purpose. The approach involves constructing hierarchical process models. Uncertainties are then propagated from the lowest processes, corresponding to data or information, through intermediate processes, to some top level process of interest, such as “assessing the existence of an active fault”. To evaluate the usefulness of ESL a hypothetical site was assessed. The results demonstrate the value of the approach to support decision-making in the selection of PIAs.

scholarly journals Technology Transfer and Human Capital in the Industrial 4.0 Scenario: A Theoretical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vander Luiz Silva ◽  
João Luiz Kovaleski ◽  
Regina Negri Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Job Prospects

In face of the technological changes derived from Industry 4.0, an initial, gradual and complex process of Technology Transfer (TT) is taking place that strongly relies on the integration between university, industry, and government. In this context, in order to make the Industry 4.0 approach a reality, several requirements need to be met. One of them is the need to qualify people to work in industries. This study aimed to explore the possible changes and perspectives of human work in Industry 4.0. A systematic literature review was carried out following a structured script. 50 were chosen for content analysis, following criteria for qualification and selection of studies. As a result, a number of changes in human skills and tasks, as well as job prospects, were found, standing out the greater flexibility of people, ability for decision-making, among others.

scholarly journals Womens Education and Empowerment in Islamabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan ◽  
Syed Imran Haider ◽  
Saadia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The present research study was conducted in two public sector universities in Islamabad, Pakistan to explore the relationship between womens education and empowerment. In this research we have looked at the five major dimensions of the womens empowerment in conjunction with education i.e. (1) freedom of movement, (2) economic activism, familial and social affairs (3) freedom from domination and support by the family, (4) decision-making in daily life, and (5) political participation and community engagement. The data was collected from 30 female respondents (15 university teachers and 15 recently passed-out university graduates). The selection of the respondents was made through purposive sampling but with a special inclusion criterion. Based on the research findings, we can suggest that higher levels of education could positively be associated with the higher levels of womens empowerment.

scholarly journals A Case Study Analysis on the Impact of a Hybrid Application of the Best Value Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Lars Claassen ◽  
Arjan Roodhorst ◽  
Isaac Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The Best Value Approach (BVA) has been used as a method to procure and manage services. As the BVA is further proliferated, there are applications of the BVA which deviate from the standard approach which are labeled as hybrid processes. This research focuses on better understanding BVA hybrid projects and the implications that may arise with such deviations. Using case study research, the BVA was used to procure services for the construction of ships. The research findings show the impact of hybrid applications of the BVA including (1) the selection of suppliers based on decision making instead of expertise (2) attempts to share and transfer risk, (3) incomplete clarification phase planning by expert suppliers, and (4) incomplete use of the Weekly Risk Report and Director’s report to track project deviation. The resulting hybrid application was found to have increased costs, increased decision making, and created a non-transparent environment. Suggestions have been made to improve upon these areas by applying the BVA structure including a selection process to identify expertise and a project management process which utilizes the supplier’s expertise to create a structure of transparency through performance metrics.

Selection of Contractor Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Tools

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
S.PUSHPARANI S.PUSHPARANI ◽  
◽  
Dr.S.SENTHAMILKUMAR Dr.S.SENTHAMILKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of

Would you Make the Right Decision? – Decision Making Biases in Economy - Related Dilemmas

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan SNMPTN Jalur Undangan Dengan Metode Electre

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Lidia K Simanjuntak ◽  
Tessa Y M Sihite ◽  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Nuning Kurniasih ◽  
Yuhandri Yuhandri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
College Entrance ◽  
Electre Method ◽  
Selection Of

All colleges each year organize the selection of new admissions. Acceptance of prospective students in universities as education providers is done by selecting prospective students based on achievement in school and college entrance selection. To select the best student candidates based on predetermined criteria, then use Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) or commonly called decision support system. One method in MCDM is the Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Reality (ELECTRE). The ELECTRE method is the best method of action selection. The ELECTRE method to obtain the best alternative by eliminating alternative that do not fit the criteria and can be applied to the decision SNMPTN invitation path.

PEMILIHAN KEPLING TELADAN MENERAPKAN METODE RANK ORDER CENTROID (ROC) DAN METODE ADDITIVE RATIO ASSESSMENT (ARAS) DI KECAMATAN MEDAN AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Handayani ◽  
Muhammad Syahrizal ◽  
Kennedi Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Priority Level ◽  
The Village ◽  
Field Area ◽  
Selection Of

The head of the environment is an extension of the head of the village head in assisting or providing services to the community both in the administration of administration in the village and to other problems. It is natural for a kepling to be appreciated for their performance during their special tenure in the kecamatan field area. Previously, the selection of a dipling in a sub-district was very inefficient and seemed unfair for this exemplary selection to use a system to produce an accurate value, and no intentional element. To overcome the process of selecting an exemplary kepling that experiences these obstacles by using an application called a Decision Support System. Decision Support System (SPK) is a system that can solve a problem, and this system is also assisted with several methods, namely the Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method that can assign weight values to each of the criteria based on their priority level. And to do the ranking or determine an exemplary set using the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method, this method provides decision making that takes decisions based on ranking or the highest value.Keywords: Head of Medan Area Subdistrict, SPK, Centroid Rank Order, Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS).

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN GURU BERPRESTASI KOTA MEDAN MENERAPKAN METODE PREFERENCES SELECTION INDEX (STUDI KASUS : DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MEDAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Syahputra ◽  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Ikhwan Lubis ◽  
Agus Perdana Windarto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Selection Of

The teacher is a major milestone in the world of education, the ability and achievement of students cannot be separated from the role of a teacher in teaching and guiding students. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, in Article 1 explained that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, evaluating, and evaluating students in early childhood education through formal education, basic education and education medium. Whereas in Article 4 of the Act, it is explained that the position of teachers as professionals serves to enhance the dignity and role of teachers as learning agents to function to improve the quality of national education.Decision making is an election process, among various alternatives that aim to meet one or several targets. The decision-making system has 4 phases, namely intelligence, design, choice and implementation. These phases are the basis for decision making, which ends with a recommendation.The Preferences Selection Index (PSI) method is a rarely used decision support system method. This method is a method developed by stevanie and Bhatt (2010) to solve the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). With the right consideration, this method can be one of the tools to determine policies in decision-making systems, especially the selection of outstanding teachers. Determination of policies taken as a basis for decision making, must use criteria that can be defined clearly and objectively.Keywords: Decision Support System, PSI, Selection of Achieving Teachers

Artikel Strategi tentang Pengambilan Keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Safitri Caniago ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Selection Of

Decision making is an action with determine the result in solving problem with choose a rule action between alternative through a mental of process, logic of process and etc. This purpose article is to help make it easier to solve a problem. This article explain some strategy decision making such as optimization model, satisfying model, mixed scanning model, heuristic model, and last the selection of certain model.

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