Towards Simulating Cognitive Agents in Public Transport Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Timpf
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Default Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Agents ◽  
Human Navigation ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Environment

In this chapter, the authors present a methodology for simulating human navigation within the context of public, multi-modal transport. They show that cognitive agents, that is, agents that can reason about the navigation process and learn from and navigate through the (simulated physical) environment, require the provision of a rich spatial environment. From a cognitive standpoint, human navigation and wayfinding rely on a combination of spatial models (“knowledge in the head”), (default) reasoning processes, and knowledge in the world. Spatial models have been studied extensively, whereas the reasoning processes and especially the role of the “knowledge in the world” have been neglected. The authors first present an overview of research in wayfinding and then envision a model that integrates existing concepts and models for multi-modal public transport illustrated by a case study.

scholarly journals Impact of fear of crimes on public transport usage: A case study of Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Rabindra Nath Dubey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC and Delhi Metro-Rail System (DMRS) are two important public transport systems in Delhi. The DMRS has been attractive in respect to ridership but in 2015 it has shown a decrease in its ridership. It has also been found that ridership of the bus service, the most important public transport system for the poor in Delhi, has decreased over time whereas the numbers of private vehicles have recorded phenomenal increase resulting in traffic congestions and pollution problems in the city. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of the fear of crimes along with other reasons for decreasing trends in the usage of public transport in Delhi. The study is based on people opinion and perception for which 350 persons were interviewed with the structured questionnaire from ten transit places having varied socio-economic conditions. Fear of crimes within buses/coaches is considered an important reason for not using public transport in western countries but as per this study, the same is not true in the case of Delhi. Role of fear of crimes along with other factors was verified with the spearman’s correlation coefficient. The weak negative correlation has been found between the preference to public bus services and the fear of crimes; the crowing; the unavailability. It indicates that along with these other factors are equally responsible for the choice of public transports in Delhi.

Vocational Development in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Vocational Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts

Chapter 6 reviews research on the topic of vocational/occupational development in relation to the McAdams and Pals tripartite personality framework of traits, goals, and life stories. Distinctions between types of motivations for the work role (as a job, career, or calling) are particularly highlighted. The authors then turn to research from the Futures Study on work motivations and their links to personality traits, identity, generativity, and the life story, drawing on analyses and quotes from the data set. To illustrate the key concepts from this vocation chapter, the authors end with a case study on Charles Darwin’s pivotal turning point, his round-the-world voyage as naturalist for the HMS Beagle. Darwin was an emerging adult in his 20s at the time, and we highlight the role of this journey as a turning point in his adult vocational development.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Transport in Society—A Case Study of General Policy Documents in Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Stjernborg ◽  
Ola Mattisson
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Policy Documents

The Role of Cognitive Patterns in Modelling Reality by Means of Natural Language (The Case Study of the English Cognitive Pattern “Cleanness / Dirtiness”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Savitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Pattern ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Comparison

In the field of cognitive linguistics it is accepted that, before developing its capacity for abstract and theoretical thought, the human mind went through the stage of reflecting reality through concrete images and thus has inherited old cognitive patterns. Even abstract notions of the modern civilization are based on traditional concrete images, and it is all fixed in natural language units. By way of illustration, the author analyzes the cognitive pattern “сleanness / dirtiness” as a constituent part of the English linguoculture, looking at the whole range of its verbal realization and demonstrating its influence on language-based thinking and modeling of reality. Comparing meanings of language units with their inner forms enabled the author to establish the connection between abstract notions and concrete images within cognitive patterns. Using the method of internal comparison and applying the results of etymological reconstruction of language units’ inner form made it possible to see how the world is viewed by representatives of the English linguoculture. Apparently, in the English linguoculture images of cleanness / dirtiness symbolize mainly two thematic areas: that of morality and that of renewal. Since every ethnic group has its own axiological dominants (key values) that determine the expressiveness of verbal invectives, one can draw the conclusion that people perceive and comprehend world fragments through the prism of mental stereo-types fixed in the inner form of language units. Sometimes, in relation to specific language units, a conflict arises between the inner form which retains traditional thinking and a meaning that reflects modern reality. Still, linguoculture is a constantly evolving entity, and its de-velopment entails breaking established stereotypes and creating new ones. Linguistically, the victory of the new over the old is manifested in the “dying out” of the verbal support for pre-vious cognitive patterns, which leads to “reprogramming” (“recoding”) of linguoculture rep-resentatives’ mentality.

scholarly journals Transatlantic Perspectives on the U.S. 2004 Election

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nitz ◽  
Øyvind Ihlen ◽  
Jessyna Egge ◽  
Stacy Sobolik
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Framing Theory ◽  
Gay Marriage ◽  
Presidential Election Of 2004 ◽  
The World ◽  
2004 Election ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The U.S. Presidential election of 2004 was an exciting reprise of the 2000 election and was closely watched by numerous observers across the world. The election held significant ramifications for world issues such as the war in Iraq and the war on terror. Norwegian media in particular followed the election with great interest. The strong social and familial bond between Norwegians and Americans was a foundation for an interest in the role that social issues such as abortion, gay marriage, and religion played in the campaign. This article was an exploratory case study based on data from three major Norwegian newspapers. The article used framing theory as a tool to examine the way in which these newspapers covered the 2004 U.S. Presidential election. A key focus was the importance and influence of culture in this framing process. Results are presented and implications for the role of framing theory in international contexts are discussed.

scholarly journals Challenges of Urban Transport in the Face of Studentification – A Case Study of Toruń

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wylon ◽  
Agnieszka Kempa ◽  
Alicja Słowy ◽  
Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Dimensions

Summary Subject and purpose of work: Urban transport is a key element of the functioning of urban agglomerations around the world. As it is of strategic importance, the needs of its users have to be diagnosed. Due to the fact that students are the most numerous social group using public transport, particular attention should be paid to students as the real creators of the needs of urban transport. The paper aims to diagnose the challenges in urban transport shaped by the process of studentification based on the case study of Toruń. Materials and methods: The multi-stage research approach was adopted, among others a survey among students. The choice of the research area was determined by the fact that Toruń is one of the largest academic centres in Poland. Results: Toruń is experiencing the effects of the studentification process in different dimensions, including the spatial and transport facets. Conclusions: The majority of students use public transport, daily or several times a week. The most preferred means of transport is the tram owing to its relative speed and punctuality.

scholarly journals BRIDGING TOURIST ATTRACTIONS. THE ROLE OF WATERBUSES IN URBAN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF THE COASTAL CITY OF GDAŃSK (POLAND)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Maciej TARKOWSKI ◽  
◽  
Marcin POŁOM ◽  
Krystian PUZDRAKIEWICZ ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Tourist Center

Identification of the role of the waterbus system in the development of tourism in a large coastal city – a tourist center of international importance. Cartographic materials, qualitative and quantitative data on the waterbus system, spatial development and tourist traffic were used. Quantitative temporal and spatial analyses were conducted, including GIS analyses. Service of the tourist traffic is the dominant function of the waterbus in Gdańsk. This is determined by three categories of factors: (i) the seasonal nature of the system and a low level of integration with the public transport system; (ii) low potential demand for transport services due to the fact that most of the stops are far away from large residential or work centers; (iii) proximity of most of the city’s main tourist attractions to the stops. The obtained results are helpful in programming the development of public transport systems, especially in large tourist coastal cities. The conditions of spatial development are of key importance for shaping the dominant function of the waterbus.

Measurement of trace metal influx in plants: a case study with Co

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Reid ◽  
Juhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge ◽  
Broad Specificity

The analysis of transport systems involved in the uptake of trace metals in plants is complicated by technical difficulties associated with measurement of uptake and by the likely presence of multiple transporters with broad specificity. In this study, influx of Co was used to illustrate the problems involved and potential solutions. Issues surrounding kinetic descriptions of transport, multiple uptake systems, specificity of transporters, pH effects and the role of membrane surface charge in determining fluxes are addressed. A list of criteria for validation of flux measurements is provided.

scholarly journals Understanding Public Transport Ridership in Developing Countries to Promote Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Case Study of Mexicali, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sánchez-Atondo ◽  
Leonel García ◽  
Julio Calderón-Ramírez ◽  
José Manuel Gutiérrez-Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Mungaray-Moctezuma
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Global South ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
The City

Some small- and medium-sized Global South cities have unsustainable transport systems and no information to plan interventions in addition to having limited resources for data collection. This study proposes a method to understand Public Transport (PT) ridership in cities of these characteristics, based on previous studies and by analysing available indicators related to Manheim’s macro-variables, to identify their influence on the PT ridership. The method was applied in the city of Mexicali, Mexico. The results help to understand the causes of the low PT ridership and have implications for achieving sustainable urban mobility in the city. Findings reveal that mobility planning in Mexicali has been occurring without properly considering activity system related variables, so it is necessary to integrate urban and transport administration. Moreover, to increase PT demand in Mexicali, mobility strategies to discourage the use of private cars are necessary. The proposed method can be applied in other cities of the Global South with characteristics similar to the case study to understand the causes of PT ridership, so these can be considered by the agencies responsible for the planning of the city’s transportation system to promote a sustainable urban mobility.

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