Adaptive Image Steganography Based on Structural Similarity Metric

2011 ◽  
pp. 454-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Liu ◽  
Shiguo Lian ◽  
Yuewei Dai ◽  
Zhiquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Similarity Metric ◽  
Adaptive Quantization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Distortion Index

Image steganography is a common form of information hiding which embeds as many message bits into images and keep the introduced distortion imperceptible. How to balance the trade-off between the capacity and imperceptibility has become a very important issue in the researches of steganography. In this chapter, we discuss one kind of the solution for disposing the trade-off, named adaptive image steganography. After a brief review, we present two methods based on structural similarity metric. The first one is based on the generalized LSB, in which the substitution depth vector is obtained via the dynamic programming under the constraint of an allowable distortion. The second method is proposed to use adaptive quantization-embedder to carry message bits. Different from the first method, the distortion index is constructed by contrast-correlation distortion. The other difference is that the parameters of the adaptive quantization embedder are embedded into the image containing message bits by the reversible da a hiding method. Beside that, we also bring forward some attractive directions worthy of being studied in the future. Furthermore, we find that the existing methods do not have a good way to control the amount of information and the distortion as an extract manner, and most schemes are designed just according to the experiences and experiments.

Softwarization of telecommunications

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Manzalini
Keyword(s):  
Digital Economy ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
The Future ◽  
Systemic Innovation ◽  
Computing Platforms ◽  
Smart Things

AbstractThis paper argues that SDN and NFV principles are going to impact not only the evolution of current networks, but also the services and applications platforms. In fact, SDN and NFV, together with Cloud and Edge Computing, can be seen as facets of a broader systemic innovation wave (called softwarization) which is transforming the overall telecommunications and ICT ecosystems. Specifically, the paper proposes the vision of Software Defined Infrastructures (SDI) as highly dynamic and pervasive telecommunications and ICT frameworks of logical resources capable of executing (with a trade-off of centralisation and distribution) any network and service functions. Eventually, it is argued that, in this evolution towards SDI, the border between the networks and the Cloud-Edge Computing platforms will gradually disappear. On the other side, also the distinction between the networks and the future “terminals” (e. g., including machines, smart things, drones, robot) will blur. This transformation will have profound techno-economic implications for the telecommunications and ICT ecosystems, paving the way to the Digital Society and the Digital Economy.

scholarly journals The Embedding Performance of StegSVM Model in Image Steganography

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Hanizan Shaker Hussain ◽  
Roshidi Din ◽  
Mohd Hanif Ali ◽  
Nor Balqis
Keyword(s):  
Human Visual System ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Image Domain ◽  
Embedding Technique ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Technique Evaluation ◽  
Embedding Performance ◽  
Intelligent Methods

This paper focuses on one of the areas of information hiding which is image steganography. It proposes the StegSVM model as an embedding technique in steganography that has exploited human visual system through Shifted LSB that shows an expected performance. The performance of this technique evaluation is based on imperceptibility and robustness of the technique compared to the other previous models in image steganography doamin. Thus, the result shows that the proposed StegSVM model is promising. For further work, it is suggested that the other image domain through other intelligent methods should be investigated.

Exploring by Believing

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-383
Author(s):  
Sara Aronowitz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epistemic Rationality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Learning Opportunity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future ◽  
Exploration Exploitation ◽  
Over Time

Sometimes, we face choices between actions most likely to lead to valuable outcomes, and actions which put us in a better position to learn. These choices exemplify what is called the exploration/exploitation trade-off. In computer science and psychology, this trade-off has fruitfully been applied to modulating the way agents or systems make choices over time. This article extends the trade-off to belief. We can be torn between two ways of believing, one of which is expected to be more accurate in light of current evidence, whereas the other is expected to lead to more learning opportunity and accuracy in the long run. Further, it is sometimes rationally permissible to choose the latter. The article breaks down the features of action which give rise to the trade-off, and then argues that each feature applies equally well to belief. This conclusion is an instance of a systematic, foreseeable way in which what is rational to believe now depends on what one expects to be doing in the future. That is, epistemic rationality fundamentally concerns time.

scholarly journals Reputation of Those Who Cooperate Beyond Group Boundaries: A Comparison of Universalistic and In-Group Favoring Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Wakaba Tateishi ◽  
Hirofumi Hashimoto ◽  
Nobuyuki Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Vignette Experiment ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Negative Reputation

It has been suggested by various studies that between-group cooperation is more difficult to achieve than within-group cooperation. To investigate the factors that inhibit between-group cooperation, the reputation of a universalist, who cooperates beyond group boundaries, was considered. If the universalists were to be evaluated negatively, people would hesitate to cooperate beyond group boundaries. To examine this possibility, a comparison was drawn between the evaluation of people who employed the universalistic strategy and those who employed the in-group favoring strategy (who cooperates only with in-group members) by conducting a vignette experiment. In the experiment, participants evaluated two in-group members: one employed the in-group favoring strategy, and the other employed the universalistic strategy. In addition to the type of strategy, a trade-off between what in-group members received and what out-group members received was manipulated. Two studies were conducted by varying the universalistic strategy. The universalistic strategy meant giving resources equally to both group members in Study 1, and it meant maximizing the joint profit between the groups in Study 2. The results across the two studies suggest that the universalistic strategy was evaluated more positively than the in-group favoring strategy, with the exception that the in-group favoring strategy was chosen as the same group member in the future. Whether there was a trade-off had little effect on the evaluations of the two strategies. Consequently, this study suggests that the negative reputation of universalists might not be a factor that inhibited between-group cooperation.

On the role of the dispute between "non-possessors" and "Josephites" in the culture of Moscow's prediction

1998 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
N. S. Jurtueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secular Power

In the XIV century. centripetal tendencies began to appear in the Moscow principality. Inside the Russian church, several areas were distinguished. Part of the clergy supported the specificobar form. The other understood the need for transformations in society. As a result, this led to a split in the Russian church in the 15th century for "non-possessors" and "Josephites". The former linked the fate of the future with the ideology of hesychasm and its moral transformation, while the latter sought support in alliance with a strong secular power.

‘Newness which never perishes’? Schoenberg’s ambivalent reception of Haydn

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Music Tradition

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PEMILU AKIBAT PENGGELEMBUNGAN SUARA DI KABUPATEN TAPIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Muhammad Ihsan Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Other ◽  
District Court ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Charge ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legislative Election

 Legislative election in distric Tapin was spotted with a vote, conducted by members of the Commission, M. Zainnoor Wal Aidi Rahmad win a legislative candidate from the Golkar Party, namely Bambang Herry Purnama the 2014-2019. Elections Honorary Council for General Election Organizer of the Republic of Indonesia as No. 15 / DKPP-PKE-III / 2014 has imposed sanctions on Zainnoor Wal Aidi M. Rahmad form of dismissal remain as a member of the Tapin district Elections Commission since the verdict was read. Rantau’s District Court in its decision No. 135 / Pid-Sus /2014/PN.Rta, Bringing the sanctions in the form of imprisonment for 10 months with the criminal provisions do not need to be run in the future unless is another command in the verdict that convicted before time trial during the 12 (twelve months) ends have been guilty of a criminal offense and a fine of Rp. 10,000,000.00 (ten million). Dismissal sanctions remain to perpetrators as member of the district KPU Tapin have sense of fairness, but the connection with the criminal charge of criminal trials less reflectjustice for his actions that allow offenders not sentenced to imprisonment and the other party can not do the same.Keywords: Elections Tapin distric, Inflation Voice, Sanctions

JUAL BELI TANAH YANG DILAKUKAN TANPA AKTA PPAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Cheri Bayuni Budjang
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Buying and selling is a way to transfer land rights according to the provisions in Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which must include the deed of the Land Deed Making Official to register the right of land rights (behind the name) to the Land Office to create legal certainty and minimize the risks that occur in the future. However, in everyday life there is still a lot of buying and selling land that is not based on the laws and regulations that apply, namely only by using receipts and trust in each other. This is certainly very detrimental to both parties in the transfer of rights (behind the name), especially if the other party is not known to exist like the Case in Decision Number 42 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Mtp

Basic Concepts and Definitions of Allergology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Vrucinic
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Medical Vocabulary ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Basic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The future of medicine belongs to immunology and alergology. I tried to not be too wide in description, but on the other hand to mention the most important concepts of alergology to make access to these diseases more understandable, logical and more useful for our patients, that without complex pathophysiology and mechanism of immune reaction,we gain some basic insight into immunological principles. The name allergy to medicine was introduced by Pirquet in 1906, and is of Greek origin (allos-other + ergon-act; different reaction), essentially representing the reaction of an organism to a substance that has already been in contact with it, and manifested as a specific response thatmanifests as either a heightened reaction, a hypersensitivity, or as a reduced reaction immunity. Synonyms for hypersensitivity are: altered reactivity, reaction, hypersensitivity. The word sensitization comes from the Latin (sensibilitas, atis, f.), which means sensibility,sensitivity, and has retained that meaning in medical vocabulary, while in immunology and allergology this term implies the creation of hypersensitivity to an antigen. Antigen comes from the Greek words, anti-anti + genos-genus, the opposite, anti-substance substance that causes the body to produce antibodies.

Does AICPA Accreditation of Nonaudit Services Add Value? The Case of Personal Financial Planning

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shawn Mauldin ◽  
Mark Wilder ◽  
Morris H. Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Professional Attributes ◽  
Financial Planners ◽  
The Future ◽  
Financial Planner ◽  
Nonaudit Services ◽  
Personal Financial Planning

The AICPA has taken the position that accreditation of CPAs in specific areas of practice is an important aspect of repositioning the CPA profession for the future. The AICPA currently offers two designations exclusively to CPAs, one of which is the Personal Financial Specialist (PFS) designation. However, the issue of accrediting CPAs by granting official AICPA designations is a complex and highly debated issue with opposing sides having compelling arguments supporting their positions. CPAs and other professionals specializing in personal financial planning have opportunities to obtain designations other than the PFS. This paper examines the relative value of these alternative options for financial planners. Specifically, the research was designed to examine the differential effects of alternative financial-planning accreditations on users' perceptions. These perceptions relate to various professional attributes of a financial planner such as their knowledge and expertise, objectivity, and level of trust and ethics possessed. In addition, these perceptions relate to fees charged and the influence that the designation has on the public's choice of a financial planner. Our results indicate that the CPA designation used in conjunction with the PFS designation is generally perceived to signal a higher level of professional attributes than the other designations examined in the study. In addition, a CPA with a PFS designation has a significantly greater influence on the public's choice of a financial planner than do the other designations. These results suggest that important benefits may accrue to CPAs from holding the PFS specialty accreditation.

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