Discussion and Future Directions for Eye Tracker Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Dan Witzner Hansen ◽  
Fiona Mulvey ◽  
Diako Mardanbegi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Further Development

Eye and gaze tracking have a long history but there is still plenty of room for further development. In this concluding chapter for Section 6, we consider future perspectives for the development of eye and gaze tracking.

scholarly journals The Potential of Satellite Imagery for Surveying Whales

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Caroline Höschle ◽  
Hannah C. Cubaynes ◽  
Penny J. Clarke ◽  
Grant Humphries ◽  
Alex Borowicz
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Further Development

The emergence of very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery (less than 1 m spatial resolution) is creating new opportunities within the fields of ecology and conservation biology. The advancement of sub-meter resolution imagery has provided greater confidence in the detection and identification of features on the ground, broadening the realm of possible research questions. To date, VHR imagery studies have largely focused on terrestrial environments; however, there has been incremental progress in the last two decades for using this technology to detect cetaceans. With advances in computational power and sensor resolution, the feasibility of broad-scale VHR ocean surveys using VHR satellite imagery with automated detection and classification processes has increased. Initial attempts at automated surveys are showing promising results, but further development is necessary to ensure reliability. Here we discuss the future directions in which VHR satellite imagery might be used to address urgent questions in whale conservation. We highlight the current challenges to automated detection and to extending the use of this technology to all oceans and various whale species. To achieve basin-scale marine surveys, currently not feasible with any traditional surveying methods (including boat-based and aerial surveys), future research requires a collaborative effort between biology, computation science, and engineering to overcome the present challenges to this platform’s use.

Prenatal determinants of childhood obesity: a review of risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Peng Liao ◽  
Yamei Yu ◽  
Isabelle Marc ◽  
Lise Dubois ◽  
Nadia Abdelouahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Prenatal Risk Factors ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Further Development

Childhood obesity is a predictor of adult obesity and has its roots in the pre-pregnancy or pregnancy period. This review presents an overview of the prenatal risk factors for childhood obesity, which were categorized into 2 groups: biological risk factors (maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, diabetes in pregnancy, and caesarean section), and environmental and behavioural risk factors (maternal smoking and exposure to obesogens, maternal dietary patterns, maternal intestinal microbiome and antibiotics exposure, and maternal psychosocial stress). Identifying modifiable predisposing prenatal factors for obesity will inform further development of inventions to prevent obesity over the life course, and future directions for research and intervention are discussed.

Silicon Carbide Radiation Detectors: Progress, Limitations and Future Directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Ruddy
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACTSilicon carbide has long been a promising material for semiconductor applications in high-temperature environments. Although silicon carbide radiation detectors were demonstrated more than a half century ago, the unavailability of high-quality materials and device manufacturing techniques hindered further development until about twenty years ago. In the late twentieth century, the development of advanced SiC crystal growth and epitaxial chemical vapor deposition methods spurred rapid development of silicon carbide charged particle, X-ray and neutron detectors. The history and status of silicon carbide radiation detectors as well as the influence of materials and device packaging limitations on future detector development will be discussed. Specific silicon carbide materials development needs will be identified.

scholarly journals Bioinks for 3D bioprinting: an overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Selcan Gungor-Ozkerim ◽  
Ilyas Inci ◽  
Yu Shrike Zhang ◽  
Ali Khademhosseini ◽  
Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technology ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Functional Tissue ◽  
Further Development

Bioprinting is an emerging technology with various applications in making functional tissue constructs to replace injured or diseased tissues. In all bioprinting strategies, the bioinks are an essential component. We provide an in-depth discussion of the different bioinks currently employed for bioprinting, and outline some future perspectives in their further development.

Development and Validation of the Minnesota Inference Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 153450842093778
Author(s):  
Panayiota Kendeou ◽  
Kristen L. McMaster ◽  
Reese Butterfuss ◽  
Jasmine Kim ◽  
Susan Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Technical Adequacy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Parallel Forms ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Further Development

The overall aim of the current investigation was to develop and validate the initial version of the Minnesota Inference Assessment (MIA). MIA is a web-based measure of inference processes in K–2. MIA leverages the affordances of different media to evaluate inference processes in a nonreading context, using age-appropriate fiction and nonfiction videos coupled with questioning. We evaluated MIA’s technical adequacy in a proof-of-concept study. Taken together, the results support the interpretation that MIA shows promise as a valid and reliable measure of inferencing in a nonreading context for students in Grades K–2. Future directions involve further development of multiple, parallel forms that can be used for progress monitoring in K–2.

scholarly journals Toward Continuous Social Phenotyping: Analyzing Gaze Patterns in an Emotion Recognition Task for Children With Autism Through Wearable Smart Glasses

10.2196/13810 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. e13810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Nag ◽  
Nick Haber ◽  
Catalin Voss ◽  
Serena Tamura ◽  
Jena Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Smart Glasses

Background Several studies have shown that facial attention differs in children with autism. Measuring eye gaze and emotion recognition in children with autism is challenging, as standard clinical assessments must be delivered in clinical settings by a trained clinician. Wearable technologies may be able to bring eye gaze and emotion recognition into natural social interactions and settings. Objective This study aimed to test: (1) the feasibility of tracking gaze using wearable smart glasses during a facial expression recognition task and (2) the ability of these gaze-tracking data, together with facial expression recognition responses, to distinguish children with autism from neurotypical controls (NCs). Methods We compared the eye gaze and emotion recognition patterns of 16 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 17 children without ASD via wearable smart glasses fitted with a custom eye tracker. Children identified static facial expressions of images presented on a computer screen along with nonsocial distractors while wearing Google Glass and the eye tracker. Faces were presented in three trials, during one of which children received feedback in the form of the correct classification. We employed hybrid human-labeling and computer vision–enabled methods for pupil tracking and world–gaze translation calibration. We analyzed the impact of gaze and emotion recognition features in a prediction task aiming to distinguish children with ASD from NC participants. Results Gaze and emotion recognition patterns enabled the training of a classifier that distinguished ASD and NC groups. However, it was unable to significantly outperform other classifiers that used only age and gender features, suggesting that further work is necessary to disentangle these effects. Conclusions Although wearable smart glasses show promise in identifying subtle differences in gaze tracking and emotion recognition patterns in children with and without ASD, the present form factor and data do not allow for these differences to be reliably exploited by machine learning systems. Resolving these challenges will be an important step toward continuous tracking of the ASD phenotype.

Measurement of the Learning Organization Construct: A Critical Perspective and Future Directions for Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-332
Author(s):  
Swee Chua Goh
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Further Development

This chapter explores and reviews the development of survey research instruments to measure the learning organization construct. Some examples of such measures are presented and discussed to illustrate the approach used by researchers to establish the reliability and construct validity of these instruments. The contribution in the use of such measures to empirical research in linking the learning organization to outcomes such as organizational performance is also reviewed. A critical perspective is provided as to some of the potential issues for research in the use and further development of such survey instruments. Lastly, some suggested future research directions are proposed on how, using such measures, the field can advance our knowledge of the learning organization through more novel research methods and approaches.

scholarly journals Multifactor consciousness level assessment of participants with acquired brain injuries employing human–computer interfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czyżewski ◽  
Adam Kurowski ◽  
Piotr Odya ◽  
Piotr Szczuko
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Cluster Center ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Gcs Score

Abstract Background A lack of communication with people suffering from acquired brain injuries may lead to drawing erroneous conclusions regarding the diagnosis or therapy of patients. Information technology and neuroscience make it possible to enhance the diagnostic and rehabilitation process of patients with traumatic brain injury or post-hypoxia. In this paper, we present a new method for evaluation possibility of communication and the assessment of such patients’ state employing future generation computers extended with advanced human–machine interfaces. Methods First, the hearing abilities of 33 participants in the state of coma were evaluated using auditory brainstem response measurements (ABR). Next, a series of interactive computer-based exercise sessions were performed with the therapist’s assistance. Participants’ actions were monitored with an eye-gaze tracking (EGT) device and with an electroencephalogram EEG monitoring headset. The data gathered were processed with the use of data clustering techniques. Results Analysis showed that the data gathered and the computer-based methods developed for their processing are suitable for evaluating the participants’ responses to stimuli. Parameters obtained from EEG signals and eye-tracker data were correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and enabled separation between GCS-related classes. The results show that in the EEG and eye-tracker signals, there are specific consciousness-related states discoverable. We observe them as outliers in diagrams on the decision space generated by the autoencoder. For this reason, the numerical variable that separates particular groups of people with the same GCS is the variance of the distance of points from the cluster center that the autoencoder generates. The higher the GCS score, the greater the variance in most cases. The results proved to be statistically significant in this context. Conclusions The results indicate that the method proposed may help to assess the consciousness state of participants in an objective manner.

scholarly journals Left Distal Transradial Approach for Coronary Intervention: Insights from Early Clinical Experience and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Feng ◽  
Zhenfei Fang ◽  
Shenghua Zhou ◽  
Xinqun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transradial Approach ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Radial Artery Occlusion

Left distal transradial approach is a novel technique for coronary intervention. This technique is convenient for specialists to operate and welcomed for right-handed patients. The anatomical snuffbox and the first intermetacarpal are two available puncture sites on the basis of hand anatomy. In technical aspects, main differences between left distal transradial approach and conventional transradial approach are patient’s special position, puncture procedure, sheath choice, and hemostasis methods. According to the preliminary data, this technique is feasible and safe and it has low rate of complications including radial artery occlusion in forearm. Left distal transradial approach is a quite promising strategy of coronary intervention and deserves further exploration. In this review article, we describe the main technical characteristics and the results obtained from early clinical experiences. We also discuss the main challenges and future perspectives on this novel technique.

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