Enzyme-Triggered Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Food Applications

2022 ◽  
pp. 1203-1221
Author(s):  
Lakshmishri Upadrasta ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garlapati ◽  
Nafisa Lakdawala ◽  
Rintu Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogel ◽  
Hydrogel Formation ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

Enzyme-mediated polymeric hydrogels are drawing considerable attention in pharmaceutical and food sectors owing to their superior biocompatibility and process controllability under physiological conditions. Enzymes play a significant role in polymeric hydrogel formation through different mechanisms. Oxidases (e.g., horseradish peroxidase and tyrosinase) have demonstrated to drive the crosslinking of gel precursors by oxidizing the phenolic or acrylic moieties to free radicals. Transferases and hydrolases catalyze elongation of biopolymer chains which gradually self-assemble into hydrogels. Still more certain enzymes also participate in hydrogel formation by releasing gelation factors. Enhancement of the desired properties of certain hydrogels through the interior and exterior post-modifications has also been demonstrated by certain enzymes. Hence, in this chapter, the authors explore the different mechanisms of enzyme-mediated hydrogels preparations and its fabrication towards pharmaceutical and food sectors along with the discussion of recent trends and further prospects.

Enzyme-Triggered Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Food Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-177
Author(s):  
Lakshmishri Upadrasta ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garlapati ◽  
Nafisa Lakdawala ◽  
Rintu Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogel ◽  
Hydrogel Formation ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

Enzyme-mediated polymeric hydrogels are drawing considerable attention in pharmaceutical and food sectors owing to their superior biocompatibility and process controllability under physiological conditions. Enzymes play a significant role in polymeric hydrogel formation through different mechanisms. Oxidases (e.g., horseradish peroxidase and tyrosinase) have demonstrated to drive the crosslinking of gel precursors by oxidizing the phenolic or acrylic moieties to free radicals. Transferases and hydrolases catalyze elongation of biopolymer chains which gradually self-assemble into hydrogels. Still more certain enzymes also participate in hydrogel formation by releasing gelation factors. Enhancement of the desired properties of certain hydrogels through the interior and exterior post-modifications has also been demonstrated by certain enzymes. Hence, in this chapter, the authors explore the different mechanisms of enzyme-mediated hydrogels preparations and its fabrication towards pharmaceutical and food sectors along with the discussion of recent trends and further prospects.

Norepinephrine exhibits thermo-optical nonlinearity under physiological conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Sakshi ◽  
Bikash Chandra Swain ◽  
Anand Kant Das ◽  
Nitesh Kumar Pathak ◽  
Umakanta Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Properties

Norepinephrine (NE), a crucial modulatory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in human physiology. Here, we use the Z-scan technique to investigate the nonlinear properties of NE at physiological conditions. Results...

scholarly journals Advances on antioxidants in research and applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Ruirui Song ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Zhenyu Yun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Antioxidants play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic diseases as they prevent oxidative stress and maintain reduction-oxidation (redox) equilibrium in the human body by eliminating reactive free radicals effectively. This study focused on the types and applications of antioxidants and discussed the existing problems with regard to the practical applications of antioxidants. Also, it presented a review of the latest research on antioxidants in China and abroad and performed a comprehensive, objective analysis of relevant research on antioxidants.

scholarly journals Enzyme Entrapment in Amphiphilic Myristyl-Phenylalanine Hydrogels

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falcone ◽  
Shao ◽  
Rashid ◽  
Kraatz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Amino Acid Conjugates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrogel Formation ◽  
Peptide Hydrogels ◽  
Enzyme Entrapment

Supramolecular amino acid and peptide hydrogels are functional materials with a wide range of applications, however, their ability to serve as matrices for enzyme entrapment have been rarely explored. Two amino acid conjugates were synthesized and explored for hydrogel formation. These hydrogels were characterized in terms of strength and morphology, and their ability to entrap enzymes while keeping them active and reusable was explored. It was found that the hydrogels were able to successfully entrap two common and significant enzymes—horseradish peroxidase and -amylase—thus keeping them active and stable, along with inducing recycling capabilities, which has potential to further advance the industrial biotransformation field.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulating horseradish peroxidase (HRP): synthesis, characterization and carrier for the generation of free radicals for potential applications in cancer therapy

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (112) ◽  
pp. 111099-111108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikesh Gupta ◽  
Chetna Gupta ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
20 Nm

We report synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulating HRP. The average diameter of the particles was around 20 nm. HRP has been used to convert IAA to a toxic oxidized product and its toxic effect has been seen on cancerous cell lines.

scholarly journals Redox and catalase-like activities of four widely used carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CO-RMs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (39) ◽  
pp. 13013-13020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengnan Yuan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Yang ◽  
Binghe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Direct Reactions

Four CO-releasing molecules are found to degrade H2O2 and free radicals either catalytically (CORM-2 and -3) or through direct reactions (CORM-401 and -A1) in solution under near-physiological conditions.

scholarly journals New natural antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu ◽  
Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu ◽  
Eleni Mimi Buzea
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Optimal Health

Antioxidants are, no doubt, an essential part of an optimal health and even traditional doctors support the importance of an appropriate contribution of antioxidants taken through food. Antioxidants are a category of molecules able to inhibit the oxidation of other molecules. The body distributes various nutrients in the body due to their antioxidant properties and also factory antioxidant enzymes to keep under control the reaction in the chain of free radicals. Some antioxidants are produced by the body, but others don't. In addition, the body's natural ability to produce antioxidants decreases with age. Antioxidants play a significant role for health as it may influence the aging by fighting free radicals. There are antioxidants which can’t be produced in the human body, and to be taken through antioxidant-rich foods, or supplements powerful antioxidant. The paper aims to present some natural sources of oxidants that can be obtained through diet.

Horseradish peroxidase. XL. The oxidation of native enzyme to Compound II

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (23) ◽  
pp. 2504-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Nadezhdin ◽  
H. Brian Dunford
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Native Enzyme ◽  
Free Radical Generation ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Compound Ii ◽  
Native Horseradish Peroxidase

The oxidation of native horseradish peroxidase to Compound II by photochemically generated inorganic free radicals [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] was observed. The rates of Compound II accumulation for different rates of free radical generation and different reagent concentrations have been measured. The interpretation of the experimental data allowed us to estimate the rates of the reactions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]: (3–6) × 106 M−1 s−1, (2.2–3.0) × 106 M−1, and [Formula: see text] respectively. Also obtained for all three oxidants were the ratios of the number of free radicals responsible for the heme oxidation to the total number of them attacking the enzyme.

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